Henri Poincaré

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Henri Poincaré
15. seat 24 of the Académie française (en) Fassara

5 ga Maris, 1908 - 17 ga Yuli, 1912
Sully Prudhomme (en) Fassara - Alfred Capus (en) Fassara
208. shugaba

1 ga Janairu, 1906 - 31 Disamba 1906
Louis Joseph Troost (en) Fassara - Auguste Chauveau (en) Fassara
shugaba

1900 - 1900
Émile Guyou (en) Fassara - Maurice d’Ocagne (en) Fassara
shugaba

1886 - 1886
Pau Émile Appell (en) Fassara - Georges-François Fouret (en) Fassara
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Jules Henri Poincaré
Haihuwa Nancy, 29 ga Afirilu, 1854
ƙasa Faransa
Mazauni Faransa
Harshen uwa Faransanci
Mutuwa Faris, 17 ga Yuli, 1912
Makwanci Montparnasse Cemetery (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa  (embolism (en) Fassara)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Émile-Léon Poincaré
Abokiyar zama Jeanne-Louise Poulain d'Andecy (en) Fassara
Yara
Ahali Aline Boutroux (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Karatu
Makaranta University of Paris (en) Fassara
Science Faculty of Paris (en) Fassara
lycée Henri-Poincaré (en) Fassara
École polytechnique (en) Fassara
(1873 -
Mines ParisTech (en) Fassara
(1875 -
Matakin karatu Doctor of Philosophy (en) Fassara
Thesis '
Thesis director Charles Hermite (en) Fassara
Dalibin daktanci Louis Bachelier (en) Fassara
Dimitrie Pompeiu (en) Fassara
Mihailo Petrović (en) Fassara
Théophile de Donder (en) Fassara
Kiril Popov (en) Fassara
Vilhelm Bjerknes (en) Fassara
Mihailo Petrović (en) Fassara
Kiril Popov (en) Fassara
Hugo Von Zeipel (en) Fassara
Jean Bosler (en) Fassara
Harsuna Faransanci
Malamai Charles Hermite (en) Fassara
Ɗalibai
Sana'a
Sana'a masanin lissafi, mai falsafa, Ilimin Taurari, physicist (en) Fassara, injiniya, philosopher of science (en) Fassara, topologist (en) Fassara, university teacher (en) Fassara, marubuci da polymath (en) Fassara
Employers University of Paris (en) Fassara
École polytechnique (en) Fassara
Muhimman ayyuka La Science et l'Hypothèse / Henri Poincaré (en) Fassara
Poincaré conjecture (en) Fassara
Poincaré group (en) Fassara
Poincaré recurrence theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré disk model (en) Fassara
Poincaré duality (en) Fassara
Poincaré inequality (en) Fassara
Poincaré map (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Bendixson theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Hopf theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré half-plane model (en) Fassara
Poincaré lemma (en) Fassara
Poincaré metric (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Birkhoff theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Lelong equation (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Lindstedt method (en) Fassara
Poincaré plot (en) Fassara
Poincaré residue (en) Fassara
Poincaré series (en) Fassara
Poincaré separation theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Miranda theorem (en) Fassara
Poincaré space (en) Fassara
Poincaré–Steklov operator (en) Fassara
Poincaré sphere (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Ayyanawa daga
Mamba Académie Française (en) Fassara
French Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (en) Fassara
Göttingen Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Royal Society (en) Fassara
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) Fassara
Académie de Stanislas (en) Fassara
Académie lorraine des sciences (en) Fassara
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) Fassara
Russian Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
American Philosophical Society (en) Fassara
Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL (en) Fassara
Royal Society of Edinburgh (en) Fassara
National Academy of Sciences (en) Fassara
Academy of Sciences of Turin (en) Fassara
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci Franco-Prussian War (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini mulhidanci

Jules Henri Poincaré (UK Birtaniya:/ˈpwæ̃kɑːreɪ/ [US: street final syllable], French: [ɑ̃ʁi pwɛ̃kaʁe] 29 ga Afrilu 1854 -17 ga watan Yuli 1912) masanin lissafin Faransa ne, kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi, injiniyanci, kuma masanin kimiyya. Ana kwatanta shi sau da yawa a matsayin polymath, kuma a cikin lissafi a matsayin "The Last Universalist", tun da ya yi fice a kowane fanni na horo kamar yadda ya kasance a lokacin rayuwarsa.

A matsayinsa na masanin lissafi kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi, ya ba da gudummawa da yawa na asali ga ƙididdiga masu tsafta da aiki da su, kimiyyar lissafi, da celestial mechanics. [1] A cikin bincikensa game da matsalar jiki guda uku, Poincaré ya zama mutum na farko da ya gano tsarin kayyade rikice-rikice wanda ya kafa tushen ka'idar rikice-rikice na zamani. Ana kuma kallonsa a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa fannin topology.

Poincaré ya bayyana mahimmancin mai da hankali ga sabawar dokokin kimiyyar lissafi a ƙarƙashin sauye-sauye daban-daban, kuma shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da sauye-sauyen Lorentz a cikin sifar su ta zamani. Poincaré ya gano sauran sauye-sauyen saurin haɓakawa kuma ya rubuta su a cikin wasiƙa zuwa Hendrik Lorentz a cikin 1905. Don haka ya sami cikakkiyar sabani na duk ma'auni na Maxwell, muhimmin mataki a cikin tsara ka'idar dangantaka ta musamman. A cikin shekarar 1905, Poincaré ya fara ba da shawarar raƙuman nauyi (ondes gravifiques) da ke fitowa daga jiki da yaduwa a cikin saurin haske kamar yadda canje-canjen Lorentz ke buƙata.

Kungiyar Poincaré da ake amfani da ita a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi an sa masa suna.

A farkon karni na 20 ya tsara tunanin Poincaré wanda ya zama tsawon lokaci daya daga cikin shahararrun matsalolin da ba a warware su ba a cikin lissafi har sai da Grigori Perelman ya warware shi a 2002-2003.

Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Poincaré a ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu 1854 a unguwar Cité Ducale, Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, a cikin dangin Faransanci mai tasiri. [2] Mahaifinsa Léon Poincaré (1828-1892) farfesa ne a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Nancy. [3] Ƙanwarsa Aline ta auri masanin falsafa Emile Boutroux. Wani sanannen memba na dangin Henri shi ne ɗan uwansa, Raymond Poincaré, ɗan'uwan memba na Académie française, wanda shi ne Shugaban Faransa daga 1913 zuwa 1920.

Ilimi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Plaque akan wurin haifuwar Henri Poincaré a gida mai lamba 117 akan Grande Rue a cikin garin Nancy.

A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya yi rashin lafiya na ɗan lokaci tare da diphtheria kuma ya sami umarni na musamman daga mahaifiyarsa, Eugénie Launois (1830-1897).

A cikin karni na 1862, Henri ya shiga Lycée a Nancy (yanzu an sake masa suna Lycée Henri-Poincaré [fr] a cikin girmamawarsa, tare da Jami'ar Henri Poincaré, kuma a cikin Nancy). Ya yi shekara goma sha ɗaya a makarantar Lycée kuma a wannan lokacin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗalibai a kowane fanni da ya karanta. Ya yi fice a rubuce rubuce. Malamin lissafinsa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "dodon lissafi" kuma ya lashe kyaututtukan farko a gasar concours général, gasar tsakanin manyan dalibai daga dukkan Lycées a fadin Faransa. Abubuwan da ya fi talauci sun hada da kiɗa da ilimin motsa jiki, inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "matsakaici mafi kyau". [4] Duk da haka, rashin ganin ido da halin rashin tunani na iya bayyana waɗannan matsalolin. [5] Ya sauke karatu daga Lycée a 1871 tare da baccalauréat a duka haruffa da kimiyya.

A lokacin Yaƙin Franco-Prussian na 1870, ya yi aiki tare da mahaifinsa a cikin Ambulance Corps.

Poincaré ya shiga École Polytechnique a matsayin babban wanda ya cancanta a 1873 kuma ya sauke karatu a 1875. A can ya karanci ilmin lissafi a matsayin dalibin Charles Hermite, ya ci gaba da yin fice da buga takardarsa ta farko (Démonstration nouvelle des propriétés de l'indicatrice d'une surface) a shekara ta 1874. Daga Nuwamba 1875 zuwa Yuni 1878 ya yi karatu a École des Mines, yayin da ya ci gaba da nazarin ilimin lissafi ban da tsarin aikin injiniya na ma'adinai, kuma ya sami digiri na injiniyan ma'adinai na yau da kullun a cikin Maris a 1879. [6]


Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Matashin Henri Poincaré a cikin 1887 yana da shekaru 33
  1. "Poincaré's Philosophy of Mathematics" , entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy .Empty citation (help)
  2. Belliver, 1956
  3. Sagaret, 1911
  4. O'Connor et al., 2002
  5. Carl, 1968
  6. F. Verhulst