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Ilimi a Aljeriya

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Ilimi a Aljeriya
education in country or region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Facet of (en) Fassara karantarwa
Ƙasa Aljeriya
Wuri
Map
 28°N 1°E / 28°N 1°E / 28; 1

Ilimi a Aljeriya kyauta ne kuma tilas ne ga 'yan Aljeriya daga shekaru 6 zuwa 15.[1] Koyaya, rabin ɗaliban Aljeriya ne kawai suka shiga makarantun sakandare.[2] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, Aljeriya tana da cibiyoyin sakandare 92, wanda ya hada da jami'o'i 48.

Tarihi

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Kafin Cin nasarar Faransa a Algiers a 1830, ƙasashen addini da ake kira hubus sun biya malamai Musulmi. Lokacin da Faransanci suka mallaki Aljeriya, sun kwace hubus, wanda ya kawo karshen tallafin ilimi na gargajiya.[3] A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Aljeriya, Napoleon III ya sake kafa amfani da makarantun madrasa kuma ya kirkiro makarantun firamare waɗanda suke cikin Larabci da Faransanci. Koyaya, a lokacin Jamhuriyar ta Uku, gwamnatin Paris ta yi ƙoƙari ta daidaita 'yan Aljeriya zuwa al'adun Faransa, amma manufofinsu sun yi takaici da masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa waɗanda suka toshe kudade don sababbin makarantu.[3]

Bayan yakin neman 'yancin kai, Aljeriya ta gabatar da manufofi da yawa don sake fasalin da karfafa tsarin ilimi. An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Ilimi a 1963.[4] Arabization na tsarin karatun makaranta - maye gurbin harshen Faransanci da dabi'u da harshen Larabci da dabi'a - shine babban fifiko na sabuwar ma'aikatar.

Tsarin Ilimi

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Jami'ar Bejaia.

A Aljeriya, kashi 24% na yara sun shiga makarantar sakandare tun daga shekara ta 2004. [5] An aiwatar da sabbin gyare-gyare tun daga shekara ta 2003 don yin karatun sakandare.

Makarantar firamare tana da tsawon shekaru 5.[4] Sa'an nan kuma, ɗalibai suna ci gaba zuwa shekaru 4 [6] na makarantar sakandare ta ƙasa da ƙarin shekaru 3 na makarantar sakandaren sama.[4] Ilimi na Firamare da na Ƙananan Sakandare, wanda ake kira "Koyarwa ta asali" shine ilimin asali wanda ake buƙatar kowa ya karɓa. Idan dalibai suna so su bi ilimi mafi girma, dole ne su dauki baccalaureate, jarrabawar kasa.[4]

Akwai kimanin cibiyoyin gwamnati 57 don ilimi mafi girma, wadanda suka hada da "jami'o'i 27, cibiyoyin jami'o'in 13, makarantun kasa 6 (écoles nationales), Cibiyoyin ƙasa 6 (instituts na kasa), da cibiyoyin horar da malamai 4 (écoles normales supérieures). " [4] Ya zuwa 2015, Aljeriya tana da cibiyoyi 92 na sakandare, wanda ya hada da jami'o-awa 48. Mutane yawanci suna karatu shekaru uku don digiri na farko, shekaru biyu don Shirin Jagora, da shekaru uku don digirin digiri. [4]

Yara a Makaranta A Aljeriya 1967

Harsuna

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Dalibai a Aljeriya galibi ana koyar da su a Larabci, kodayake an ba malamai damar koyarwa a Berber tun daga shekara ta 2003. Ana ba da izinin koyarwar Berber a makarantun Aljeriya don cire korafe-korafe na Arabisation da buƙatar malamai wadanda ba Aljeriya ba.[2] A cikin 1994, ɗaliban Kabyle da ɗalibai sun kaurace wa makarantun Aljeriya na shekara guda, suna buƙatar yin aiki na Berber, wanda ya haifar da kirkirar alama ta Haut commissariat à l'amazighité (HCA) a cikin 1995. Daga baya aka koyar da Berber a matsayin yaren da ba na tilas ba a yankunan da ake magana da Berber.[7] Ya zuwa 2017, dalibai 350,000 suna karatun tamazight a cikin wilayas 38 daga cikin 58, wanda ke wakiltar 4% na dukkan dalibai. [8][9] 90% daga cikinsu suna nazarin tamazight a cikin haruffa na Latin.[10][11] A cikin 2018, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba da aji na zaɓi na tamazight a duk makarantun firamare da sakandare na jama'a a nan gaba.[12][13] An haɗu da yawan ilimin Amazigh tare da wasu adawa a yankunan da ke magana da Larabci.[14] Ya zuwa 2023, a cewar ministan ilimi, har yanzu ana fitar da ilimi a Amazigh ga dukkan makarantun Aljeriya.[15]

Kafin mulkin mallaka, Aljeriya ta kasance gida ne ga masu magana da Larabci da Berber. Saboda mulkin mallaka na Aljeriya, Faransanci shine harshen waje na farko da aka koyar a makarantun Aljeriya. Koyaya, wata ɗaya kafin samun 'yancin kai, shugabannin juyin juya halin Aljeriya sun bayyana cewa Jiha ta gaba za ta himmatu ga Arabisation.[16] Ahmed Ben Bella ya aiwatar da dokokin harshe na Larabci a makarantun firamare kuma ya buƙaci koyarwa a Larabci akan dukkan matakan daga 1963/1964 .[16] A shekara ta 2004, an tilasta ƙuntatawa na harshe wanda ya sanya kashi 90% na duk koyarwa a makarantun Aljeriya a Larabci. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005, majalisar dokoki ta zartar da dokoki da suka haramta makarantun masu zaman kansu daga koyarwa a kowane harshe sai Larabci.[16]

Linguistics ya kasance tushen jayayya ga tsarin ilimi na Aljeriya. Canjin daga harsuna biyu a Faransanci da Larabci zuwa harsuna ɗaya a Larabci ya haifar da matsaloli tare da masu digiri suna ƙoƙarin shiga kasuwar tattalin arziki.

Karatun karatu da rubutu

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UIS yawan mutanen Aljeriya da 15 1980-2015

Yawan karatu da rubutu a Aljeriya ya inganta sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata tun bayan samun 'yancin kai. A cikin 1950, yawan mutanen Aljeriya da suka girma bai kai kashi 20 ba.[17] Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1962, sama da kashi 85% na yawan jama'a har yanzu ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba.[18] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Aljeriya da suka iya karatu da rubutu ya kai kusan 80%, sama da yawan mutanen da suka iya karatun Morocco da Masar, amma ƙasa da yawan mutanen Libya. Daga cikin yawan karatun 2015 , kashi 87% na mazajen Aljeriya sun iya karatu da rubutu, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 73% na mata na Aljeriya.[19]

Tun lokacin da aka kafa dabarun kasa na harsuna da yawa don karatu da rubutu a cikin 2008, an cire 'yan Aljeriya sama da miliyan 3.6 daga rashin karatu da rubutu. Tsakanin shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2022, yawan jahilci ya fadi daga 22.30% zuwa 7.4%. An ba da lada ga kokarin Aljeriya tare da Kyautar Nazarin Sarki Sejong ta UNESCO ta 2019. [20]

Kudade da Aiki

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Ilimi ya kai kashi 28% na kasafin kudin Aljeriya.[21] Aljeriya tana daya daga cikin mafi karancin malamai a Arewacin Afirka, tare da malamai na firamare 200,000 da ake buƙata don taimakawa wajen cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don ilimi, tun daga shekara ta 2016.[22]

Ilimi ta lambobi

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Adadin yara da suka shiga makaranta ya karu sosai bayan samun 'yancin kai. A shekara ta 1962, akwai yara 750,000 kawai da suka shiga makarantar firamare da dalibai 3,000 da ke halartar jami'o'i. A shekara ta 1984, akwai dalibai sama da 900,000 da suka shiga makaranta da dalibai 107,000 a kwaleji. A shekara ta 2005, yawan shiga ya kasance kusan 97% a matakin makarantar firamare da 66% a matakin makarantar sakandare.

Kididdiga ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kididdiga ce ta UNESCO don shekarar ilimi ta 2011-2012: [23]

Dalibai Ƙididdigar jama'a
Makarantar firamare 3.452.000
Makarantar sakandare ta ƙasa 3.240.000
Makarantar Sakandare 1.333.000
Jimillar 8.023.000

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ Singh, Kishore. "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to education". ohchr.org. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Algeria country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (May 2008). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Segalla
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Education in Maghreb: Algeria - WENR". wenr.wes.org (in Turanci). April 2006. Retrieved 2017-03-24.
  5. ↑ Bouzoubaa, Khadija; Benghabrit-Remaoun, Nouria (2004). "Pre-School Education in Morocco and Algeria1". Prospects. 34 (4): 471–480. doi:10.1007/s11125-005-2738-x. S2CID 144340313.
  6. ↑ https://www.epdc.org/sites/default/files/documents/EPDC_NEP_2018_Algeria.pdf
  7. ↑ Leclerc, Jacques; Jean, Lionel (2021-07-27). "Algérie: Les droits linguistiques des berbérophones". Université Laval.
  8. ↑ "APS - Le Conseil des ministres adopte un projet de loi fixant les fêtes légales". HCA CMS (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  9. ↑ Journaliste 2 (2018-02-26). "Enseignement du Tamazight: ces chiffres qui disent les contraintes". www.algerie360.com (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  10. ↑ "Horizons - La transcription de tamazight au centre d'un colloque du HCA ; entre le tifinagh, l'arabe et le latin…". HCA CMS (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  11. ↑ Zmirli, Amayas (2018-01-13). "Algérie - Tamazight : un si long chemin". Le Point (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  12. ↑ Dendoune, Nadir (2018-10-22). "Un mouvement de boycott de l'enseignement de l'arabe paralyse plusieurs collèges et lycées". lecourrierdelatlas (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  13. ↑ "Education nationale: généralisation de l'enseignement de tamazight en 2021 (document)". Algérie infos (in Faransanci). 2020-03-04. Archived from the original on 2023-02-26. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  14. ↑ Benyakoub, Ryma Maria (2018-10-26). "Arabe – tamazight L'école envahie par la colère et la vengeance". El Watan (in Faransanci).[permanent dead link]
  15. ↑ "Le HCA plaide une généralisation de l'enseignement de tamazight". Le Jeune Indépendant (in Faransanci). 2023-01-16. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Benrabah, Mohamed (2007-06-01). "Language-in-Education Planning in Algeria: Historical Development and Current Issues". Language Policy (in Turanci). 6 (2): 225–252. doi:10.1007/s10993-007-9046-7. ISSN 1568-4555. S2CID 144173685.
  17. ↑ "Education for All Global Monitoring Report" (PDF). UNESCO: 193. 2006.
  18. ↑ Learning, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong (2015-11-24). "Effective Literacy Programmes". www.unesco.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  19. ↑ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  20. ↑ "Enseignement des adultes : Plus de 3,64 millions d'Algériens libérés de l'analphabétisme depuis 2008". El watan (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  21. ↑ "UNICEF Annual Report 2015 Algeria" (PDF). unicef.org. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  22. ↑ "The world needs almost 69 million new teachers to reach the 2030 education goals" (PDF). uis.unesco.org. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  23. ↑ "National Education Profile 2014 Update" (PDF). epdc.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2016.

Ƙarin karantawa

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  • Mai ƙauna, Roza. "Kwarewar da ke da tushe a cikin Makarantar Sakandare ta Algeria Syllabuses da Littattafai" (Archive; Degree of Magister in English). Jami'ar Mouloud Mammeri ta Tizi-Ouzou . 2010/2011.
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