Kamal Jumblatt
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Kamal Fouad Jumblatt (Arabic; 6 ga Disamba 1917 - 16 ga Maris 1977) ɗan siyasan Lebanon ne wanda ya kafa Jam'iyyar Progressive Socialist Party . Ya jagoranci Ƙungiyar Ƙasa a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Lebanon . Ya kasance babban abokin tarayya na Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinu har zuwa lokacin da aka kashe shi a shekara ta 1977. Ya rubuta littattafai sama da 40 da suka shafi batutuwa daban-daban na siyasa, falsafa, wallafe-wallafen, addini, kiwon lafiya, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki.[1] A watan Satumbar 1972, Kamal Jumblatt ya karbi lambar yabo ta Lenin Peace Prize.[2] Shi ne mahaifin shugaban Druze na Lebanon Walid Jumblatt kuma surukin marubucin Larabawa kuma ɗan siyasa Shakib Arslan .
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Kamal Jumblatt a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1917 a Moukhtara .[bayanin 1] An haife shi a cikin Iyalin Jumblatt, wani babban iyali wanda ya fito ne daga Siriya ta yanzu, wanda membobinsu shugabannin gargajiya ne na al'ummar Druze na Lebanon. Mahaifinsa Fouad Joumblatt, babban shugaban Druze kuma darektan Gundumar Chouf, an kashe shi a wani kwanto a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 1921. [3][4] Kamal yana da shekaru hudu kawai lokacin da aka kashe mahaifinsa. [3][5] Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, mahaifiyarsa Nazira ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a siyasa a cikin al'ummar Druze a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka biyo baya.
A shekara ta 1926, Kamal Jumblatt ya shiga Cibiyar Iyaye ta Lazarus a Aintoura, inda ya kammala karatun firamare a 1928. Ya sami difloma na makarantar sakandare, bayan ya yi karatun Faransanci, Larabci, kimiyya da adabi, a 1936, da kuma difloma na falsafar a 1937.
Jumblatt daga nan ya bi karatun sakandare a Faransa, inda ya halarci Faculty of Arts a Jami'ar Sorbonne kuma ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin farar hula, da kuma wani a fannin zamantakewa. Ya koma Lebanon a 1939, bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Saint Joseph inda ya sami digiri na shari'a a 1945.
Farkon aikin siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamal Jumblatt ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a Lebanon daga 1941 zuwa 1942 kuma an sanya shi Lauyan Gwamnatin Lebanon. A shekara ta 1943, yana da shekaru ashirin da shida kuma bayan mutuwar Hikmat Joumblatt ba zato ba tsammani, ya zama shugaban dangin Jumblatt, ya kawo shi cikin yanayin siyasa na Lebanon. Duk da rawar da ya taka a siyasa, a duk lokacin da ya yi aiki, ya kasance cikin gasa game da jagorancin siyasa a kan Druze na Lebanon tare da Majid Arslan . Sau da yawa ana fi son Arslan ya wakilci ƙungiyar Druze kuma Ministan da ya fi dadewa a siyasar Lebanon kuma ya yi wa'adi 22 a matsayin Ministan Tsaro na Lebanon.[6] A watan Satumbar 1943 an zabi Kamal Jumblatt a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a karo na farko, a matsayin mataimakin Dutsen Lebanon . Ya shiga jam'iyyar National Bloc karkashin jagorancin Emile Eddé, don haka ya yi adawa da mulkin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, karkashin jagorancin Shugaban kasa na lokacin, Bechara El Khoury. A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1943, duk da haka, ya sanya hannu kan gyaran kundin tsarin mulki (wanda ya soke sassan da ke nufin Mandate) da Kungiyar Tsarin Mulki ta nema. A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1946, an nada shi minista a karo na farko, don fayil ɗin tattalin arziki, a cikin majalisar ministocin Riad Al Solh.[7] Lokacinsa ya kasance daga 14 Disamba 1946 zuwa 7 Yuni 1947, kuma ya maye gurbin Saadi Al Munla . [7] Sleiman Nawfal ya maye gurbin Jumblatt a matsayin ministan tattalin arziki.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Dar al Takadoumya".
- ↑ "Timeline | Kamal Joumblatt Digital Library".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Le camarade Kamal Bey Joumblatt, seigneur de Moukhtara (1/3)". www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ Rowayheb, Marwan G. (2011-02-18). "Walid Jumblat and Political Alliances: The Politics of Adaptation". Middle East Critique (in Turanci). 20 (1): 47–66. doi:10.1080/19436149.2011.544535. ISSN 1943-6149.
- ↑ Gambill, Gary C.; Nassif, Daniel (May 2001). "Walid Jumblatt". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 3 (5). Retrieved 14 April 2013.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "About Us". Ministry of Economy. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2012.