Malalar mai ta Mobil Nigeria

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Malalar mai ta Mobil Nigeria
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mobil Nigeria

Kema kin zo da zuwa kenan Rikicin mai na Mobil Nigeria, ya faru ne a jihar Akwa Ibom ta Najeriya a ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 1998, lokacin da wani bututun mai a dandalin Mobil na Idoho ya fashe a ƙarƙashin ruwa, inda ya aika da gangar mai 40,000,a cikin teku. [1] Ya nufi yamma, man ya rufe 850 kilomita na gaɓar tekun Najeriya, gurbatattun ruwa da kuma yin illa ga kamun kifi a yankin. Kashi 1 cikin 100 na malalar ya isa gabar tekun, saboda yanayin yanayi mai kyau da, kuma martanin da Mobil ta yi a kan lamarin. A shekarar 2016, wata babbar kotun tarayya da ke birnin Lagos a Najeriya ta yanke hukuncin ɗaurin talala da kamfanin na Mobil ya biya diyyar dalar Amurka miliyan 32. [1]

Illoli[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shiekara ta 1998, bututun mai mai girman inci 24 a dandalin Mobil na Idoho ya fashe, inda ya zubar da gangar ɗanyen mai guda 40,000 na Qua Iboe a cikin kogin Neja Delta . Man fetur ɗin ya mamaye wasu sassan Najeriya da gaɓar tekun jamhuriyar Benin, ya kuma zarce zuwa yamma, ya kai 900. km daga Lagos Harbor. [2] A dunkule, ganga 500 (galan 21,000) na mai ne suka.wanke bakin teku. [3][4] Yankunan bakin tekun da abin ya shafa sun sami matsakaita zuwa tasiri mai nauyi, amma an iyakance su ga ƴan ƙananan wurare a kusa da bakin tekun, gami da mahalli biyu na mangrove . [5]

Duk da ƙarancin man da aka wanke a gaɓar teku, malalar ta yi matuƙar tasiri ga masu kamun kifi da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa a yankin, lamarin da ya sa da dama suka kasa kamun kifi, wasu kuma suka yi asarar kayayyakin sana’o’i kamar gidajen sauro sakamakon lalacewar mai.[1][2]

Ƙoƙarin Tsabtacewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamfanin Mobil ya mayar da martani da na’urori da dama don tsaftace malalar, da suka haɗa da jiragen ruwa, masu tuka tuka-tuka, da kayan kariya na gaɓar teku.[4] ɗumamar yanayi da magudanar ruwa ya sanya akasarin mai ya tsaya a gaɓar tekun ya kuma kwashe, kuma hakan ya taimaka ta hanyar amfani da masu tarwatsawa ta jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da kashi 60% na man da ya zube ya tarwatse a zahiri.[6] Haka kuma an yi amfani da bututun da aka samu da kuma ƙwararrun mai don sarrafa sauran man da ya zubar. [1] A kan ƙasa, rairayin bakin teku sun yi aikin tsabtace kansu ta hanyar tsarin halitta a cikin makonni 2-4. [7] Daga baya, Mobil ya fara aikin tsaftacewa ƙarƙashin jagorancin ƙwararrun masu sa ido a kauyukan da abin ya shafa, sannan ta gayyaci ƙwararru daga Jami’ar Legas da Amurka da su taimaka a aikin tsaftace muhalli. [1] Sai dai, rahotannin Human Rights Watch sun nuna cewa ba a fara aikin tsabtace bakin teku ba a ranar 28 ga watan Janairu, fiye da makonni biyu bayan da malalar ta afku, kuma har zuwa watan Maris wasu wuraren da abin ya shafa sun kasance gurɓace.[3][4]

Yunƙurin tsaftace yankunan gaɓar tekun da abin ya shafa ya haifar da kusan ganga 1000 na sharar mai, wanda ya kai ganga 100 na ainihin mai. [5] [7] Kodayake Mobil ne ya gudanar da nazarin tasirin muhalli na ɗan gajeren lokaci, nazarin dogon lokaci kamar yadda aka yi alƙawarin da farko ba a taɓa buga tasirin zubewar ba. [7]

Martani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Zubewar ta janyo cece-kuce daga mazauna yankin da ƙungiyoyi, musamman waɗanda ke gaɓar kogin Pennington, waɗanda suka fi fama da rikici. Gabaɗaya, an yi da'awar kusan 14,000 don ramawa, jimlar sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 100. [4] Masunta da mazauna garin Eket da ke kusa sun yi zanga-zanga, inda suka yi garkuwa da ma’aikatan Mobil domin neman a biya su diyya. Zanga-zangar ta yi yawa a tsakanin masunta, da yawa daga cikinsu an barsu da gidajen sauron da aka toshe da mai da ba a iya amfani da su, inda Mobil ya ƙone bayan an duba su don hana sake amfani da su. [1]

A ranakun 19 da 20 ga watan Janairu, an yi kusan tarzoma a wata zanga-zangar da matasan yankin suka jagoranta domin ganin ƙungiyar Mobil Nigeria ta kafa ofishin karba-karba a Eket. Masu zanga-zangar sun kai dubunnan kuma tattaunawar ta ɗauki tsawon sa'o'i tara, amma tarurrukan da aka yi tsakanin jagororin zanga-zangar da wakilan Mobil sun yi tasiri kuma daga baya aka kafa ofishin da'awar. [3] Zanga-zangar adawa da Mobil Nigeria, ta kai ga kama masu zanga-zangar 300. [3]

A cikin watan Yulin 1998, ƴan sanda sun harbe mutum goma sha ɗaya a lokacin zanga-zangar neman diyya a Warri, jihar Delta.

A ranar 1 ga watan Mayun 2010, an sake samun malalar man a bututun Mobil (yanzu ExxonMobil ) a jihar Akwa Ibom, inda a wannan karon ya zubar da sama da galan miliyan guda na man fetur kuma ya ɗauki kwanaki bakwai kafin ya tsaya. [8] Rahotanni sun nuna cewa bututun da ke ɗauke da ɗanyen man zuwa tashar Qua Iboe “sun lalace kuma sun lalace” kuma suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu.[9]


A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2016, wata babbar kotun tarayya da ke Lagos a Najeriya ta umarci Mobil Nigeria da ya biya diyyar dalar Amurka miliyan 32 ga masuntan da malalar ta shafa, saboda tauye haƙƙinsu na rayuwa da kuma yancin rayuwa a muhallin da ya dace da tattalin arziƙinsu. ci gaba.[10]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Cohen, Roger (1998-09-20). "OIL RICH, OIL POOR: A special report.; High Claims in Spill Betray Depth of Nigerian Poverty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Oladimeji, Ramon (15 December 2016). "Court awards N10bn against Mobil for Bayelsa oil spillage". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Manby, Bronwen (1999). The Price of Oil: Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria's Oil Producing Communities. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 9781564322258.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Eyinla, Bolade (2009). "Oil Exploitation and Marine Pollution: Evidence from the Niger Delta, Nigeria". Journal of Human Ecology. 28 (3): 177. doi:10.1080/09709274.2009.11906236. S2CID 54708336.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Empty citation (help)
  6. ↑ Olagbende, O. T.; Ede, G. O.; Inyang, L. E. D.; Gundlach, E. R.; Gilfillan, E. S.; Page, D. S. (November 1999). "Scientific and Cleanup Response to the Idoho-Qit Oil Spill, Nigeria". Environmental Technology. 20 (11): 1213–1222. doi:10.1080/09593332008616920. ISSN 0959-3330.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Empty citation (help)
  8. ↑ Vidal, John (2010-05-29). "Nigeria's agony dwarfs the Gulf oil spill. The US and Europe ignore it". The Observer (in Turanci). ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  9. ↑ Sahara Reporters (2011-06-20). "Exxon Mobil Told To Pay $100 Million For Akwa Ibom Oli Spill Victims". Sahara Reporters (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  10. ↑ "Nigerian Court orders Mobil to pay N10bn to fishermen over oil spillage". The News Nigeria. 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
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