Muhammad Ali Pasha
 Muhammad Ali Pasha | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
1805 - 1848 ← Hurshid Pasha (en)  - Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (en) → | |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Cikakken suna | محمد علي المسعود بن إبراهيم آغا | ||
| Haihuwa |
Kavala (en) , 4 ga Maris, 1769 | ||
| Harshen uwa |
Ottoman Turkish (en) | ||
| Mutuwa | Alexandria, 2 ga Augusta, 1849 | ||
| Makwanci |
Muhammad Ali Mosque (en) | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Abokiyar zama |
Amina Hanim (en) Ayn al-Hayat Khanum (en) | ||
| Yara |
view
| ||
| Yare |
Muhammad Ali dynasty (en) | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna |
Larabci Ottoman Turkish (en) Kurdish (en) | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
Shugaban soji, ɗan siyasa da statesperson (en) | ||
| Wurin aiki | Daular Usmaniyya | ||
| Kyaututtuka | |||
| Imani | |||
| Addini | Mabiya Sunnah | ||
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Muhammad Ali na Masar da Sudan (Albaniya: Mehmet Ali Pasha, Larabci: محمد علي باشا, ALA-LC: Muḥammad 'Alī Bāshā; Ottoman Baturke: محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; Baturke: Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Paşa; 4 Maris din shekarata 1769 - 2 Agusta 1849), shi ne gwamnan Albaniya na Ottoman kuma mai mulkin Masar daga 1805 zuwa 1848, wanda ya kafa Masar ta zamani. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya mallaki dukkan Masar, Sudan, Hijaz da Levant.[1] Ya kasance kwamandan soji a rundunar daular Ottoman ta Albaniya da aka tura domin kwato Masar daga mamayar Faransa karkashin Napoleon. Bayan janyewar Napoleon, Muhammad Ali ya hau kan karagar mulki ta hanyoyi da dama na siyasa, kuma a shekara ta 1805 aka nada shi Wāli (viceroy) na Masar kuma ya samu mukamin Pasha. A matsayin Wāli, Muhammad Ali ya yi ƙoƙarin sabunta ƙasar Masar ta hanyar kafa sauye-sauye masu ban mamaki a fannin soji, tattalin arziki da al'adu. Ya kuma kaddamar da wani tashin hankali na kawar da Mamluk, tare da karfafa mulkinsa tare da kawo karshen mamayar Mamluk a kasar Masar.[2]
Rayuwarsa ta Farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Muhammad Ali a Sanjak na Kavala (Kavala ta zamani), a cikin Rumelia Eyalet, ga dangin Albaniya daga Korça. Shi ne ɗa na biyu na taba sigari na Albaniya kuma ɗan kasuwa mai suna Ibrahim Agha, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan Ottoman na ƙaramin yanki a garinsu.[3] Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Zeynep, 'yar Çorbaci Husain Agha, wani musulmin Albaniya mai shahara a Kavala.[8] Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu yana karami, sai kawunsa Husain Agha ya dauke Muhammad tare da ‘yan uwansa.[8] A matsayin lada ga kwazon Muhammad Ali, kawunsa ya ba shi matsayin "Bolukbashi" na karbar haraji a garin Kavala[5]. Daga baya Muhammad Ali ya auri yar uwansa Amina Hanim, wata hamshakin attajiri. Ita ce diyar Ali Agha da Kadriye (yar uwar Zeynep).
Tasowa da Ikon Mulki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Janyewar da Faransa ta yi ya bar wutar lantarki a Masar. An raunana ikon Mamluk, amma ba a lalata shi ba, kuma sojojin Ottoman sun yi arangama da Mamluk don neman mulki. A wannan lokaci na tashin hankali Muhammad Ali ya yi amfani da dakarunsa na Albaniya masu aminci wajen yin aiki tare da bangarorin biyu, inda ya samu iko da daukaka ga kansa. Yayin da rikicin ya ci gaba, al'ummar yankin sun gaji da gwagwarmayar neman mulki. A shekara ta 1801 ya yi kawance da shugaban Masar Umar Makram da babban limamin Azhar na Masar. A lokacin da ake gwabza fada tsakanin Daular Usmaniyya da Mamluk a tsakanin 1801 zuwa 1805, Muhammad Ali ya yi taka-tsantsan don samun goyon bayan jama'a.[4]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Khalid Fahmy (1998). All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Kiel, Machiel (1990). Ottoman Architecture in Albania, 1385–1912. Islamic art series. Vol. 5. Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. p. 163. ISBN 9290633301. The father of the famous viceroy of Egypt , Muhammed Ali , was a citizen of Korçë
- ↑ Kuhnke, LaVerne. Lives at Risk: Public Health in Nineteenth-Century Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5t1nb3mq/
- ↑ All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt, 123