Santa María de Óvila

Santa María de Óvila
More pictures
Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Ispaniya
Autonomous community of Spain (en)	Castile-La Mancha (en)
Province of Spain (en)	Guadalajara Province (en)
Municipality of Spain (en)	Trillo (en)
Coordinates	40°42′03″N 2°33′26″W
History and use
Opening	13 century
Addini	Katolika
Karatun Gine-gine
Style (en)	Gothic architecture (en)
Heritage
BIC	RI-51-0000612

Santa María de Óvila tsohon gidan sufi ne na Cistercian da aka gina a Spain wanda Kuma ya fara a shekara ta dubu daya da daro daya da tamanin da daya 1181 akan Kogin Tagus kusa da Trillo, Guadalajara, kimanin 90 miles (140 km) arewa maso gabashin Madrid. A lokacin wadata a cikin ƙarni huɗu masu zuwa, ayyukan gine -gine sun faɗaɗa kuma sun inganta ƙaramin gidan sufi. Arzikinsa ya ragu sosai a cikin karni na sha takwas 18, kuma a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da talatin da biyar 1835 gwamnatin Spain ta ƙwace ta kuma sayar da ita ga masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke amfani da gine -ginen ta don kare dabbobin gona.

Mawallafin Amurka William Randolph Hearst ya sayi sassan gidan sufi a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya 1931 da niyyar yin amfani da duwatsun sa wajen gina katafaren gidan sarauta a Wyntoon, California, amma bayan an cire wasu duwatsu dubu goma 10,000 aka tura su, an yi watsi da su a San Francisco don shekarun da suka gabata. Waɗannan duwatsun suna yanzu a wurare daban -daban a kusa da California: an gina tsohuwar tashar coci a Jami'ar San Francisco, kuma sufan Trappist sun sake haɗa gidan babin a Abbey na New Clairvaux a Vina, California . Wasu duwatsun suna aiki azaman abubuwa masu ado a cikin lambun lambun lambun Golden Gate Park. Don tallafawa aikin gidan babin, Kamfanin Sierra Nevada Brewing Company ne ya samar da layin giya irin ta Belgium a ƙarƙashin alamar Ovila Abbey.

A Spain, sabuwar gwamnatin Jamhuriyya ta Biyu ta ayyana gidan sufi a matsayin abin tunawa na kasa a watan Yuni shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya 1931, amma ba a cikin lokaci don hana yawan cire duwatsu ba. A yau, ragowar gine -gine da bango suna tsaye a kan gona mai zaman kansa.

Tarihi

Gidauniya

An kafa gidan sufi na Santa María de Óvila a shekara ta 1175 ta hanyar ba da kyautar ƙasa daga Sarki Alfonso VIII na Castile zuwa ga sufaye Cistercian na Valbuena Abbey a Valbuena de Duero, Lardin Valladolid, Castile-Leon, Spain. A cikin wannan yunƙurin, sarkin yana bin babban dabarar kafa cibiyoyin Katolika a ƙasar da ya ci nasara kwanan nan a yaƙi daga Moors na Iberia . Cistercian "fararen sufaye" (sanye da halaye marasa sutura) sun fara zaɓar wani rukunin yanar gizo a Murel (wanda yanzu ake kira Carrascosa de Tajo) akan Tagus, amma bayan 'yan shekaru, dole ne su ƙaura zuwa yankin da ke da nisan mil kaɗan kusa da Trillo, Guadalajara, inda wani tsauni mai faɗi kusa da kogi ya ba da umarnin ɗan kallo.

Ginin ya fara ne a shekara ta dubu daya da dari daya da tamanin da daya 1181. An gina rukunin gidajen sufi da coci a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa. A tsakiyar cloister aka kẽwayesu a kan arewa da coci, a yamma da wani ganga-vaulted girma nave, a gabas ta sacristy, da priory cell, da kuma babi na gida, da kuma a kan kudu ta kitchen, da ma'ajiyar kayan abinci da kuma refectory (ɗakin cin abinci). An ba wasu daga cikin gine-ginen kaurin ƙafa bakwai (2 m. An gina cocin a sifar gicciye na Latin tare da ramin da aka raba shi zuwa sassa huɗu, da kuma tsattsarkan wuri mai faffadar murabba'i uku. Babban majami'arta yana da babban murabba'i mai hawa biyar.

A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari daya da casa'in da daya 1191, sarki ya tabbatar da gidan sufi da filayen da ke kewaye da shi na mallakar Dokar Cistercian. Tsohuwar abbot na Santa María de Huerta, bishop Martín de Finojosa (daga baya an tsarkake shi), ya tsarkake coci a watan Satumba shekara ta dubu daya da dari biyu da sha uku 1213 kuma ya mutu kwanaki bayan haka. Yankin da ke kewaye da Murel da Trillo tare da Tagus sun bunƙasa, suna ba da zakka da kyaututtukan ƙasa ga gidan sufi. A cartulary, Cartulario de Óvila, an adana shi a cikin University of Madrid .

An kammala gine -ginen farko a cikin salon Gothic, gami da coci. A refectory (zauren cin abinci) ya nuna wani gine-gine da style a mika mulki tsakanin baya Romanesque da zamani Gothic. Kyakkyawan gidan babin Babban Gothic an gina shi da mafi kyawun katako mai ƙarfi . An sake gina cocin a wani lokaci kafin shekara ta dubu daya da dari shida da hamsin 1650 a ƙarshen salon Gothic tare da mashahurin rufi . An sake gina cloister a kusa da shekara ta dubu daya da dari shida da sha bakwai 1617, kuma yana da tsari mai sauƙi tare da ƙaramin adon da ke kewaye da Babban Renaissance arcade . Kashi na ƙarshe na ginin ya faru a kusa da shekara ta dubu daya da dari shida da hamsin 1650, tare da sabon ƙofar cocin, wanda aka kammala a ƙarshen Renaissance da salon Plateresque cike da cikakkun bayanai. Saboda wadata da ayyukan faɗaɗawa da yawa, Santa María de Óvila ya nuna misalai na kowane salon gine -ginen addini na Mutanen Espanya da aka yi amfani da shi daga dubu daya da dari biyu 1200 zuwa dubu daya da dari shida 1600. Koyaya, har ma da tsayin sa, Óvila ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙaramin gidajen ibada na Cistercian a yankin Castile .

Rage

Alamar gidan sufi mai suna Enameled yana nuna lalacewa

Daga karni na 15, canje -canje zuwa yankunan da ke kewaye da Santa María de Óvila sun fara raguwar sannu a hankali. Yaƙe -yaƙe sun ɓarna ƙauyuka na saman kwarin Tagus. Abubuwan mallakar gidan sufi sun wuce ɗaya bayan ɗaya a hannun sabon masarautar yanki: da farko Ƙidayar Cifuentes, sai Rui Gomes da Silva, Duke na Pastrana, da Sojojin Spain. Makwabta sun wawashe karin filaye.

Wata gobara ta lalata wani bangare na gidan sufi a lokacin Yakin Mutanen Espanya . A lokacin yakin basasa, sojojin Faransa sun wawure gine -ginen tare da amfani da su a matsayin bariki. An tilasta wa sufaye barin cikin 1820 saboda kwacewa daga sabuwar gwamnati mai sassaucin ra'ayi, amma sun dawo a 1823 bayan Sarki Ferdinand VII ya maido da cibiyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Duk da haka, mutanen ƙauyen da ke kusa sun musanta goyan baya ga gidan sarautar duk da kariya daga sarki. Gidan sufi ya daina aiki a cikin 1835: Ikilisiyoyin Ikklesiya na Mendizábal sun aiwatar da doka da ke bayyana cewa ƙananan wuraren mallakar addini da ke ƙasa da mazauna 12 za a ba su ga jihar; gidan sufi yana da sufaye huɗu kaɗai da ɗan'uwansa guda ɗaya, waɗanda aka kora.

Zama

Bayan Kwacewa, da yawa daga kayan ado da kayan adon Santa María de Óvila sun wuce zuwa majami'un Ikklesiya da ke kewaye, musamman Ruguilla, Huet, Sotoca de Tajo da Carrascosa de Tajo. An sace wasu abubuwa masu daraja, kamar littattafai da takardun tarihi. An yi gwanjon ragowar abubuwan da suka rage, ciki har da kayan aikin yin giya da keken shanu. The daraja 328-shafukan cartulary na sufi Spanish: ) ya je wurin mai shi mai zaman kansa amma an ba da gudummawarsa a 1925 zuwa gidan sufi na Santa María la Real na Oseira . Rubutun mai kauri yana ɗauke da kwafin gatan sarauta da aka ba gidan sufi a duk tarihinsa, da kuma Abadologio, cikakken tarihin Cistercian abbots da sufaye waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gidan ibada, wanda Uba ya rubuta daga Maris 1729 zuwa Fabrairu 1730. Gerofeo, masanin Cistercian na gidan sufi na Valparaíso (Zámora).

Sabbin masu mallakar Santa María de Óvila manoma ne masu wadata waɗanda ba sa kula da gine-ginen. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci, an yi amfani da tsohon gidan ibada a matsayin dakunan kwanan dalibai, amma galibi, gine -ginen sun kasance masu amfani da aikin gona mai ƙarfi a matsayin sito da ke ba da mafaka. Gidan babin ya zama ramin taki. An yi amfani da wasu gine -gine a matsayin ajiya. A farkon karni na 20 an ga ƙananan bishiyoyi suna girma a cikin datti da aka cika saman rufin gidan sufi - an riga an saukar da fale -falen rufin kariya.

Cirewa zuwa California

William Randolph Hearst ya kashe kusan $ 1 miliyan don samun mafi kyawun fasalulluka na gidan sufi.

Rarraba cloister na abbey a cikin 1930s

A cikin 1928, ƙasar Spain ta sayar da gidan sufi ga Fernando Beloso akan ɗan abin da ya fi 3,100 pesetas, kusan $ 600 zuwa $ 700 a lokacin. Beloso, darektan Bankin Asusun Mutanen Espanya a Madrid, shi ne mai Coto de San Bernardo a Óvila, wanda ya haɗa da filayen hatsi masu yawa da gandun daji da ke kewaye da gidan sufi.

Arthur Byne, wakilin fasaha da ke zaune a Madrid, wanda babban abokin cinikinsa shine babban jarumin jaridar Amurka William Randolph Hearst, yana aiki don Hearst don samun tsohuwar gidan sufi a 1930. A cikin 1925, Byne ya sayi Hearst gidan sufi na Santa María la Real de Sacramenia wanda aka wargaza shi, aka ɗora shi kuma aka tura shi New York inda aka adana shi a cikin sito a cikin Bronx . (A cikin 1954 an sake haɗa shi a Florida a matsayin mai jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido, kuma daga baya Episcopal Diocese na Kudancin Florida ya samo shi kuma ya kira Cocin St. Bernard de Clairvaux . ) Byne ya yiwa Beloso alama don taimaka masa gano ɗaya; Beloso ya gayyace shi don ganin tsohon gidan sufi na Óvila a cikin Disamba 1930, daga baya Byne ya aika hotuna da zane -zane zuwa Hearst don amincewa. Byne ya lissafa takamaiman abubuwa, galibi cikakkun bayanai na gine -gine, don cirewa, kamar haƙarƙarin maɗaura, ginshiƙan ƙofa, zane -zanen taga, ginshiƙai da manyan birane. An ba da shawarar wasu duk bangon kyawawan duwatsu masu kyau don cirewa. Ya kira shawarar a matsayin "Mountolive", wataƙila don karkatar da hukumomin Spain waɗanda ke da alhakin kare kayayyakin tarihi.

Bayan Hearst ya isar da himmarsa ga aikin, Beloso ya sayar da duwatsun Byne akan $ 85,000, gami da suttura, gidan babin, wurin shakatawa da ɗakin kwanan dalibai. Tare da kwamatin Byne, Hearst zai biya $ 97,000, farashin kusan $ 1.46 miliyan 21 . [26] Byne ya fara aikin nan da nan, yana shirya maza da kayan aiki, kuma yana fara cire duwatsu. Babban mai aikin Hearst Julia Morgan ya aika da abokin aikinta Walter T. Steilberg wanda ya isa ranar 9 ga Maris, 1931. Steilberg ya ba da shawarar Hearst ya sayi tsohuwar tashar cocin, wanda ya yi, a farashin Byne na $ 1,500. A karkashin jagorancin Byne da Steilberg, an yi wa gidan sufi lakabi da kyau yayin da aka tarwatsa dutse da dutse. Antonio Gomez, babban magatakarda na garin da Byne da Steilberg suka yaba, sun ƙidaya tubalan a kan zane -zanen gine -gine kuma sun yi wa lambar lamba ja a bayan kowane dutse.

Don matsar da duk duwatsun, Byne da Steilberg suna da hanyar da aka gina wa Tagus, kuma an ba da mashin da ke haɗe da madaidaicin kebul don jigilar duwatsu. An shigo da tsohuwar hanyar jirgin kasa ta tren na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya don ɗaukar duwatsu daga gidan sufi zuwa jirgin ruwa; za a iya shimfida hanyoyinsa a cikin kowane gine -gine. Maza sun tura ƙananan motocin dogo tare da ƙananan waƙoƙin ma'auni; Daga nan aka ɗebo duwatsun a cikin jirgin ruwa ta hanyar crane, kuma wani kirin ya ɗauke su daga cikin jirgin zuwa manyan motoci. Daya daga cikin manyan matsaloli da cewa Byne ci karo da shi ne, Spain ta uku excelsior masana'antu ba zai iya yin isasshen shiryawa abu don kiyaye akwaku-shiryawa ƙungiya kawota. A wani lokaci, da sanin cewa ana iya amfani da duwatsun a California azaman mayafi na waje don bangon ƙarfe na ƙarfe, Steilberg ya ba da shawarar fuskar kowane dutse a yanka shi zuwa “mayafi” na kaurin 6 inches (150 mm) don sauƙaƙe shiryawa da jigilar kaya, amma Hearst yana so ya riƙe amincin cikakkun duwatsun. Byne da Steilberg sun yanke hukunci kan wasu bango da gine -gine masu amfani ba su da amfani kuma sun bar su a Spain. Steilberg ya dawo gida a ƙarshen Maris.

Byne ya hanzarta aikin cikin fargabar cewa hukumomi za su iya dakatar da shi a kowane lokaci - dokar Spain ta hana cire kayan tarihi. Sai dai gwamnatin Spain a wancan lokacin tana cikin rudani kuma ba ta aiwatar da doka ba. Jami'an gwamnati "kawai sun kalli wata hanya" yayin da manyan motoci ke jigilar duwatsu masu shekaru 700 ta cikin Valencia zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Lokacin da Sarki Alfonso XIII ya yi murabus a watan Afrilu 1931, ya bar gwamnati a hannun Jamhuriya ta Biyu, sabbin jami'ai sun dakatar da aikin. Lauyan Byne ya lallashe Ministan Kwadago da ya bar aikin ya ci gaba bisa dalilan cewa aikin ya ɗauki maza sama da ɗari tare da sanya kuɗi a cikin matsanancin talauci.

Likita Francisco Layna Serrano na Ruguilla da ke kusa ya yi shekaru yana ƙoƙarin ceton gidan sufi amma ya gaza sha’awar gwamnati a cikin shirin adana tsada. Gane cewa wannan ita ce damarsa ta ƙarshe don yin rikodin wurin yayin da ake cire duwatsunsa, ya rubuta takaitaccen tarihinsa kuma ya haɗa da tsarin rukunin rukunin gine -gine, wanda aka rubuta daga ƙwaƙwalwa. Sakamakon ƙoƙarinsa, a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1931, an jera Santa María de Óvila a matsayin Tunawa ta Ƙasar Spain, ko Bien de Interés Cultural (Kayan Al'adu). Layna Serrano ya buga littafinsa na monograph a 1932. A cikin 1933, an kawo katunan tarihin gidan sufi zuwa Jami'ar Madrid kuma an buga shi; an adana asali a Jami'ar Oviedo .

A lokacin da aka gama rushewar a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1931, wasu duwatsu 10,000 masu nauyin jimillar 2,200 short tons (2,000 t) aka sufuri a kan 11 daban-daban freighters tafiya ta hanyar da Panama Canal zuwa San Francisco . A cikin kuɗin 1931, aikin gidan sufi ya kashe Hearst kusan dala miliyan ɗaya.

Rushewar Mutanen Espanya

Rushewar gidan sufi a Spain

A yau, wasu gine -ginen sun rage na asalin gidan sufi a Spain. Waɗannan sun haɗa da giya ko bodega, yanzu ginin mafi tsufa a wurin. An gina wannan a cikin karni na 13 lokacin mulkin Henry I na Castile, tare da bene na sama wanda aka gina azaman ɗakin kwana 27 by 90 feet (8.2 by 27.4 m) . A waje da bodega, ganuwar da ke ruɓewa, yadudduka masu buɗewa da ɓangaren rufin Gothic na coci suna bayyane. Harkoki biyu na bangon rufin zamanin Renaissance har yanzu suna tsaye, amma rufin arched ɗin ya ɓace. Ana iya ganin tushen cocin.

California

Wyntoon

Hearst ya fara siyan gidan sufi da nufin maye gurbin komawar dangi a Wyntoon, a bakin kogin McCloud kusa da Dutsen Shasta a Arewacin California mai nisa. Ginin na asali shine mahaifiyar sa Bernard maybeck -wanda aka ƙera chalet fantasy wanda ya ƙone a 1929. Hearst yana so ya maye gurbinsa da babban ginin dutse wanda aka haɗa da hasumiyai da turrets - wautar gidan sarauta wanda zai fi girma fiye da wanda ya gada. Don shirya isowar duwatsu na Mutanen Espanya, Morgan ya zana tsare -tsaren tare da gidan babin gidan sufi wanda ke zama zauren ƙofar gidan, da babban cocin da ke kewaye da wurin waha. An sanya wasu duwatsu a matsayin mayafi don bango da ɗakuna a ƙasa.

A tashar jiragen ruwa na San Francisco, Steilberg ya duba kowane jigilar duwatsu, akwatunan dubu da yawa a cikin duka. An yi amfani da shagon Haslett, tsakanin Wharf na Fisherman da Hyde Street Pier, don adanawa. Tare da shimfidar ƙasa don Yuli 1931 da matukin jirgi na ƙarshe da ke ɗauke da duwatsu har yanzu yana kan hanya, Hearst ya dakatar da babban shirin sa na Wyntoon saboda arzikin sa ya yi nisa sosai daga Babban Bala'in . Duwatsun sun zauna a cikin shagon, suna jawo kuɗin ajiyar shekara na $ 15,000 a cikin daloli na 1930.

Golden Gate Park

A cikin 1940, Hearst ya yanke shawarar ba da gidan sufi. Gwamnatin Francisco Franco ta nemi a mayar da ita Spain, amma Hearst ya ki. A watan Agusta 1941, Herbert Fleishhacker, darektan MH de Young Memorial Museum, ya gamsu da Hearst ya ba da duwatsun ga Birnin San Francisco a musayar kuɗin da birnin ya biya na bashin ajiyarsa na $ 25,000. Hearst ya ba da umarnin a yi amfani da duwatsun don gina rukunin gine -ginen gidan kayan gargajiya da ke kusa da gidan kayan gargajiya na Matasa a Golden Gate Park . Garin ya kwashe akwatunan daga shagon don adana su a waje a bayan gidan kayan gargajiya da lambun Tea na Jafananci, yana ba da $ 5,000 kawai don jigilar motoci da kuma gina katako da murfin kariya. An kiyasta shirin gidan kayan tarihin ya ci dala 500,000, amma wannan adadin bai samu ba. Morgan ya shirya shimfidu da yawa don birni don amincewa, kowannensu yana da tsari daban -daban na gine -gine fiye da na Spain. Koyaya, a cikin Disamba 1941, an jawo Amurka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na II kuma an adana tsare -tsaren gidan kayan gargajiya. Daukar aikin a 1946, birni ya biya Morgan don gina sikelin sikelin ginin gine -ginen da zai zama Gidan Tarihi na Zamani, sigar Yammacin Tekun The Cloisters a New York.

Birnin ya kasa tara kuɗi don gina gidan tarihin, kuma duwatsun sun lalace a gobara biyar. Na farko ya zo jim kaɗan bayan an ajiye akwatunan a Golden Gate Park. Morgan ya ce "Ma'aikatan kashe gobara sun ja tarin tarin kwalaye masu konewa, da yawa sun jefa sama da kafa dari da hamsin." Hearst ya mutu a 1951, kuma Morgan ya mutu a 1957; babu ɗayansu da ya ga wani abu da aka gina da duwatsun. Wuta biyu a cikin 1959 sun bayyana kamar ƙonewa, kuma da yawa daga cikin duwatsun da aka ƙone da wuta sun raunana ko fashe daga sanyaya kwatsam ta ruwa. A cikin 1960, an ɗauki Steilberg don sake duba duwatsun; ya yi amfani da guduma mai ƙwallon ƙwallo don bugun kowane dutse da sauƙi don sauraron sautin ringi mai ƙarfi, ko murɗaɗɗiyar murya wacce ke nuna fashewa. Ya gano cewa kadan fiye da rabin duwatsun suna da kyau.

A cikin 1965, Societyungiyar Masana'antu ta tara $ 40,000 don hawa babban ƙofar tsohuwar cocin. An shigar da shi a gidan kayan gargajiya na de Young, ginshiƙin Kotun Hearst, babban ɗakin baje kolin. Sauran duwatsun sun yi watsi da gidan kayan gargajiya a watan Mayu 1969 tare da sanarwar cewa ba za a sake ginawa ba. Bayan wannan, ma'aikatan wurin shakatawa na ɗaukar dutse lokaci -lokaci kuma ana amfani da su don yin ado da Golden Gate Park.

A shekarar 1989 ko 1990, a birnin San Francisco ma'aikacin jefar da wani sauran dutse bollard tsakiyan sufi duwatsu. 4 feet (1.2 m) tsayi bollard aka zarar amfani da wani zirga-zirga shãmaki . Wasu masu amfani da wurin shakatawa na addinin Hindu masu jagorancin wasan kwaikwayo Michael Bowen, suna kiran kansa Guru Baba Kali Das, sun fara bauta wa bollard mai siffar phallus a matsayin lingam ; sun yi kokawa da wasu duwatsun gidan sufi zuwa da'irar addini, suna kiran da'irar Shiva Linga. Garin ya kai kara don kwato yankin a 1993, amma ya sha kashi a kotu. A cikin Janairu 1994 birni ya shirya don matsar da cunkoson ababen hawa zuwa gajin Bowen, yana aiki a matsayin haikalinsa. Daga baya Bowen ya ba da dutsen dutse don siyarwa kuma ya yarda cewa duk abin da ya faru yanki ne na wasan kwaikwayo.

A cikin 1999, an yi amfani da wasu duwatsun don gina ɗakin karatu na waje kusa da Helen Crocker Russell Library of Horticulture, wani ɓangare na Strybing Arboretum da Botanical Gardens a Golden Gate Park. An yi amfani da wasu duwatsu don dalilai daban -daban a kusa da Golden Gate Park da Lambun Tea na Jafananci, ma'aikatan wurin shakatawa sun ɗauka ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kamar yadda suka ga ya dace. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sun ƙare a cikin Gidan tunawa da cutar kanjamau na AIDS, wasu akan hanyar tafiya ta fure mai kamshi mai suna Garden of Fragrance.

Jami'ar San Francisco

An shigar da tashar cocin Santa María de Óvila a cikin 2008 a cikin Ovila Amphitheater (2011)

A cikin 2002, gidan kayan tarihin de Young ya ba da gudummawar tsohuwar tashar coci zuwa Jami'ar San Francisco ( jami'ar Jesuit ), kuma a cikin 2008 an haɗa shi da ginin Zauren Kalmanovitz. Yana aiki azaman tushen Ovila Amphitheater na waje (37°46′33″N 122°27′04″W ), kusa da tsohuwar tashar Romanesque daga Arewacin Italiya.

Abbey na Sabuwar Clairvaux

Abbot-Emeritus na Abbey na Sabon Clairvaux, Fr. Thomas X. Davis, OCSO, ya fara ganin duwatsun kuma ya kwatanta su an sake tara su a matsayin gidan sufi a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1955 - ranar farko a California. Ya isa ranar a San Francisco don yin hidima a matsayin sabon sufaye a Vina, California, a gidan sufin Uwargidanmu na Sabuwar Clairvaux. Gidan sufi mallakar Trappists ne na umurnin da aka sani da Cistercians na tsananin kiyayewa . Sufaye sun yi noma da bauta a ƙasar da Leland Stanford ya taɓa amfani da shi don shuka inabi ruwan inabi. Babban Davis ya sadu da shi a filin jirgin sama kuma ya tuka shi ta Golden Gate Park inda ya tsaya don nuna wa Davis duwatsun da ke zaune a cikin ciyayin. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Davis ya duba duwatsun don kawai ya same su cikin matsanancin talauci.

Duba daga cikin gidan babi mai shekaru 800 da aka sake ginawa

A cikin 1981, masanin tarihin gine -gine Margaret Burke ya fara aiki a ƙarƙashin tallafi daga Gidauniyar Hearst don ƙididdige sauran duwatsun. Ta ce "aikin ramuka ne" saboda ciyawa, ƙanƙara na blackberry da tushen bishiyoyin da ke tsiro akan su. Burke ya gano kusan kashi 60% na duwatsun mallakar gidan babin, ginin mai kusurwa 31 by 46 feet (9.4 by 14.0 m) . Ta raba duwatsun gidan babin, ta kewaye su da shinge sannan ta fara ƙirƙirar samfura don sake gina ƙofar shiga. A lokacin 1980-1982 hukumar gidan kayan gargajiya ta nemi $ 45 miliyan don aikin faɗaɗa wanda ya haɗa da $ 3 miliyan don sake gina gidan babin. A halin da ake ciki, Davis ya nemi ma'aikacin gidan kayan gargajiya izinin yin amfani da manyan motoci da yawa na duwatsu zuwa Vina don amfani da su don kayan adon gine -gine. Ma'aikatan dajin sun taimaka masa ya ɗora kayan mafi ƙyalƙyali da zai iya samu, kuma an ɗauke su. Ba a ba da labarin tsarin ba, Burke ya gano cewa Davis ya ɗauki wasu duwatsun gidan babin, kuma hukumar gidan kayan gargajiya ta nace a dawo da su. An bar Davis da duwatsu 58 daga wasu gine -ginen sufi.

A cikin 1983 da 1987, Davis ya yi buƙatun da ba su yi nasara ba don duk duwatsun gidan babin. Bayan girgizar kasa ta Loma Prieta a 1989, za a sake gina gidan kayan gargajiya na de Young, kuma an sake duba makomar duwatsun. A watan Satumbar 1993, darektan gidan kayan gargajiya Harry Parker ya haɗu tare da Davis don rattaba hannu kan lamunin dindindin na gidan babin zuwa New Clairvaux. A cikin 1994, birni ya amince da lamunin tare da sharadin cewa za a maido da ginin daidai kuma a wani lokaci a buɗe wa jama'a. An kai duwatsun cikin manyan motoci 20 zuwa Vina. A cikin tsohon gidan bulo da Stanford ya gina don yin brandy, an fara haɗa duwatsun tare, an ɗora su akan samfuran plywood na Burke.

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan sha na Ovila

An karya kasa a 2003 a kan wurin da wani lambu (39°56′14″N 122°03′48″W ) kusa da babban ginin cloister. Architect Patrick Cole na Arcademe, mai kula da aikin sake ginawa, ya ce akwai fiye da rabin duwatsun da ake buƙata don gidan babin. Daga cikin duwatsun da suka ɓace, sama da kashi 90% sun kasance masu maimaita duwatsu masu ƙyalli tare da samfuran samfuran don sassaƙa masu maye. Stonemasons Oskar Kempf da Frank Helmholz sun yi amfani da lemun tsami na zamani a matsayin turmi maimakon yin nasu kamar yadda aka yi a Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Helmholz ya ce game da damar da aikin ke bayarwa cewa "wani abu ne da yawancin maƙera ba sa yi a duk rayuwarsu."

Ƙarfin ginin ya ninka abin da yake a Spain sau biyu, tare da duwatsun da ke goyan bayan nauyinsu kamar yadda aka tsara, ƙarawa da tsarin ƙarfe da kankare don riƙe su tare lokacin da ƙasar California ta girgiza. Dan kwangilar Phil Sunseri ya ce tushen ginin ya kasance mai jure girgizar kasa; tare da kaurin ƙafa uku (1 m. Gidan babin da aka sake haɗawa shine babban misali na asalin gine -ginen Cistercian Gothic a Yammacin Duniya, kuma shine mafi tsufa gini a Amurka yamma da Dutsen Rocky .

Kamfanin kusa da Sierra Nevada Brewing Company ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da sufaye na New Clairvaux don yin jerin giyar giya irin ta Belgium a ƙarƙashin alamar Ovila Abbey. A ƙarshen 2010, mai ƙera giya ya ƙaddamar da gidan yanar gizon don ba da labari game da kera layin samfurin giya da labarin maido da duwatsu. Wanda ya kafa Sierra Nevada Ken Grossman ya ce ya dade yana sha’awar yin layin giya na Belgium, kuma aikin abbey ya bayar da kyakkyawar dama. Samfurin farko, Dubbel, an sake shi a cikin Maris 2011, Saison ya biyo baya a watan Yuli kuma a cikin Nuwamba ta Quadrupel . Sierra Nevada ta sadaukar da kashi dari na siyar da giya don taimakawa wajen tallafawa aikin sake ginawa.

 

Hanyoyin waje

• Tarin hotunan Picasa na Sabon Clairvaux Abbey
• Hotunan sake fasalin tashar gidan babin, wanda aka adana daga asali
• Tsofaffi da sabbin hotunan gidan sufi (a cikin Mutanen Espanya)