Sauyin yanayi a Habasha

Sauyin yanayi a Habasha
climate change by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Habasha

Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen na Habasha

Canjin yanayi yana ƙara shafar matsalolin kiwon lafiya a Habasha kamar mutuwa da cututtuka saboda ambaliyar ruwa da raƙuman zafi, cututtukan da ke dauke da su, Cutututtukan da ake samu da ruwa, meningitis, da cutar numfashi da ta shafi gurɓataccen iska. Ya ci gaba a matakai da yawa kuma ya kasance babban matsala a aikin gona da kiwon lafiya. A halin yanzu, bincike ba a inganta shi ba game da batutuwan yanayi kuma ba shi da bin diddigin da aka tsara, yayin da akwai ƙananan binciken bincike na rayuwa da ke ba da cikakken bayani game game le yanayin metrological. Bugu da kari, akwai karancin wayar da kan jama'a da ƙwararrun ƙwararru don magance matsalolin da suka shafi kiwon lafiya da canjin yanayi ya haifar.

Kididdiga

Tun daga shekarun 1970s, Habasha ta fuskanci fari mai yawa daga sassa daban-daban na yankuna. Tsakanin 1960 da 2006, babban zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya karu da 1.3 ° C. A matsakaita, adadin zai zama 0.28 °C a cikin zabin jiki a kowace shekara goma.

A cikin 'yan shekaru goma masu zuwa, canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar ya canza a matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba na dumamar duniya. Misalai na yanayi sun ba da shawarar haɓaka ƙarin dumama na 0.7 ° C da 2.3 °C ta hanyar 2020s da 1.4 °c ta 2050. Yawan jama'a na yanzu, sama da mutane miliyan 87 ana sa ran za su karu a kowace shekara da kashi 2.6% kuma za ta ninka sau biyu a shekara ta 2050, wanda ke nuna alamar ƙasar ga tasirin canjin yanayi, a cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa kuma ya rage darajar duk wani ci gaban ci gaba a kasar.

Taswirar yanayi na Dessie a cikin tsarin da Walther da Lieth suka yi

Gabaɗaya, talauci, saurin haɓaka yawan jama'a, lalacewar muhalli, rashin tsaro na abinci mai tsanani, yawan fari na halitta da aikin gona da aka nuna don kara tsanantawa ga canjin yanayi. Sauran sun hada da ambaliyar ruwa sun haifar da mutuwar mutane da yawa da lalacewar dukiya da kuma ƙaurawar mutane. Saurin karuwar yawan jama'a da dabarun noma na gargajiya da ba su dace ba sun sanya matsin lamba a kan ƙasa, ruwa da albarkatun halittu masu yawa waɗanda suka haifar da kulawar kulawa kamar noma mai yawa, wuce gona da iri da kuma sare daji.

Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 1,700 suna zuwa kowane mako a sansanin Dolo Odo suna neman taimako daga mummunan fari.

Canjin yanayi kuma yana shafar babban samfurin cikin gida (GDP) na ƙasar ta hanyar rage tsakanin 0.5% da 2.5% a kowace shekara. A wannan bangaren, Habasha ta ƙaddamar da tattalin arzikin kore don magance matsalolin yanayi kamar dabarun Tattalin Arziki mai Rashin Yanayi (CRGE) na 2011. Wannan dabarar tana da niyyar rage iskar gas da kuma inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da rage ayyukan carbon.

Daga 1961 zuwa 1990, nazarin Sadarwar Kasa ta Habasha ya gano babban bambancin sararin samaniya da na lokaci; matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a sikelin ƙasa, amma raguwa a sassan arewa yayin da yake karuwa a tsakiyar Habashina. Binciken ya kuma nuna fuskantar shekaru masu bushewa da rigar a cikin zafin jiki a shekaru 50 da suka gabata.

Shekara	Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara	Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara	Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi
1960-2006	Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya karu da 1.3 ° C Rana da dare masu zafi, kwanakin sanyi da daren da suka fi sanyi	Ya bambanta sosai daga kakar zuwa kakar, shekara zuwa shekara, shekaru goma zuwa shekaru Babu wani abu mai mahimmanci	Ruwan ruwa mai tsanani da abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun Babu wata shaida game da canji a cikin mitar ko tsananin matsananci
Shekaru na 2020	+ 1.2 °C (range: 0.7 zaki 2.3 ° C)	+0.4%	Abubuwan da suka fi ruwan sama. Halin El Nino na gaba ya kawo rashin tabbas Ambaliyar ruwa da abubuwan da za su iya ƙaruwa Ruwa mai zafi da kuma mafi girma evaporation
Shekaru na 2050	2.2 + C (range: 1.4 ̊ 2.9 ° C)	+1.1%
Shekaru na 2090	+ 3.3 °C (range: 1.5 ° C)	Yanayi mafi kyau

Kamar yadda samfuran yanki ke hango karuwar ruwan sama, bincike mai inganci yana nuna raguwar karuwa da raguwa na matsakaicin ruwan kasa. Bambancin ruwan sama kuma yana hasashen yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa da fari da ke shafar samar da aikin gona. Ruwan sama mai daidaituwa yana ƙaruwa musamman a watan Yuli zuwa Satumba da Oktoba zuwa Disamba.

Abubuwan da suka faru masu tsanani

Garken shanu a cikin kogi na yankin Afar

Abubuwan da suka faru masu tsanani kamar fari da ambaliyar ruwa, karuwar zafin jiki da ruwan sama mai yawa sun zama ruwan dare a Habasha. Yankunan lowland galibi suna fallasawa daga mitar da girman fari. A cewar rahoton Bankin Duniya na 2010, Habasha tana fama da fari mai yawa tun farkon shekarun 1980, biyar daga cikinsu sun haifar da yunwa ban da yawan fari na gida. Babban fari yana haifar da bushewar albarkatun ruwa kuma a ƙarshe karancin ruwa. Sakamakon da ya biyo baya ya haɗa da rashin tsabta kuma yana iya haifar da yaduwar cututtuka.

Gilgel Abbay a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa

A cikin 2015, kimanin mutane miliyan 15 sun mutu saboda fari da El Niño ya haifar a Habasha. Babban ambaliyar ruwa ya faru a shekarar 1988, tsakanin 1993-1996, kuma a shekara ta 2006 ya haifar da mutuwar mutane da lalacewar dukiya. A Gambela, canjin yanayi ya haifar da jerin fari, daga koguna masu gudana kamar Baro, Akobo, Gilo da Alwero da ƙananan yanayin yankin. Ambaliyar ruwa ta 2008 a Gambela ta haifar da karuwar mitar da girman ambaliwar.

A yankin Afar, haɗarin yanayi yana da alaƙa sosai da yawan mutuwar yara. Har ila yau, yana da mafi girman abubuwan da suka faru da rashin wuraren kiwon lafiya, kuma rashin ma'aikatan kiwo na iya kara matsalar. Wani rahoto na 2011 ya nuna yaduwar fari, ruwan sama mara kyau, cututtukan dabbobi, karancin ruwa da cututtuka na mutane sun zama manyan haɗari a Chifra woreda. Har ila yau, yankin ya fada cikin lalacewar ƙasa na lokaci-lokaci; amma raguwar girman garken kowace gida, karuwar ababen more rayuwa da fitowar ƙauyuka sun inganta a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan.

A yankunan Borena da Somaliya, yanayin zafi mai tsanani, karuwa a cikin ƙasa mara kyau, ƙura da iska da ƙarancin ruwa sun haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Yawancin albarkatun a cikin al'ummomin Shinile sun shafi haɗarin yanayi. Yawan zafin jiki a yankin yana haifar da ruwan sama mai tsanani da cututtukan da ke dauke da ruwa a Borena.