Yakin Gawakuke
 | |
| Iri | rikici |
|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | 9 ga Maris, 1836 |
Yaƙin Gawakuke wani yaki ne da aka gwabza tsakanin Daular Sokoto da birnin Gobir a Gawakuke a arewacin Najeriya a ranar 9 ga watan Maris, shekarar 1836. Yaƙin ya samu nasara ga daular sakkwatawa, kuma ya tabbatar da mulkin Gobir a karkashin mulkin halifanci .
A shekarar 1836 Masarautar Gobir ta yi tawaye a kan Daular Sakkwato mai karfi, wadda ta mallaki Gobir tun da farko ta ci a 1808. Domin murkushe ƴan tawayen, Sarkin Musulmi Muhammad Bello na Sakkwato, da wasu da yawa daga cikin abokansa sun yi tattaki don ganawa da ‘yan tawayen a Gawakuke, a yankin Gobir na Arewa. Sojojin Bello sun fatattaki rundunar ‘yan tada kayar bayan da suka hada da Gobir Sultan Ali, kafin daga bisani su fara yaƙin kisa a fadin masarautar Gobir, suna kona kauyuka tare da karkashe manoma.
Wannan yaƙin shi ne na ƙarshe a cikin jerin tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin daular Gobir da ta Sakkwatawa wanda aka shafe kusan shekaru talatin ana gwabzawa. Muhammad Bello, Sarkin Musulmi kuma kwamandan sojojin da suka fatattaki ‘yan tawaye, ya rasu shekara daya bayan yakin a shekarar 1837, yana da shekaru 56 a duniya.
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wandkuma a ya kafa Daular Sokoto Usman dan Fodiyo ya ci Gobir a shekarar 1808 a ƙarshen yaƙin Fulani, inda fitaccen malamin nan ya jagoranci jihadi mai nasara a kan masarautun arewacin Najeriya. [1] Sai dai al’ummar Gobir sun raina mulkin Sakkwato, inda suka yi ta tayar da kayar baya tare da gudanar da yakin neman zaɓe a kan ƴan kasuwar Sakkwato, wanda ya yi mummunar illa ga harkokin kasuwanci a cikin masarautar. [2] A shekarar 1830 Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello ya amince da sulhu da Sarkin Gobir Ali, inda aka raba yankin da aka yi rikici tsakanin Sokoto da Gobir. [3]
Sai dai ƴan majalisar sarakunan Gobir, sun fusata da sharuddan sulhun, inda suka yi yunkurin kawo cikas ga zaman lafiyan da aka samu. [4] Masu hadakar sun aikewa Sarkin Musulmi Ali da ke zaune a yankin Sakkwato wani kunshin naman yanka da wukake . Kamar yadda aka saba, wannan zagin da aka yi niyya ya nuna Ali bawan Halifancin Sakkwato ne, wanda ya harzuka Sarkin Gobir. [3] Ali ya ji ya sha ba’a da isa ya yi don zaman lafiyarsa da Sakkwato ya yi watsi da mubaya’arsa ga halifanci kafin ya gudu zuwa Gobir domin ya tara rundunarsa. [4] Ali ya rinjayi wasu masarautu dake yankin arewacin Sokoto da suka hada kansu da shi, wadanda suka hada da kabilar Abzinawa da Maradi, [5] kafin ya jagoranci kai farmaki a garin Karatu da ba a karewa ba tare da kashe mazauna garin. [6]
Labarin tawayen ya harzuka Sultan Bello. Ya tattara abokansa ya kuma yi tattaki zuwa arewa maso gabas a farkon watan Maris na shekara ta 1836 tare da runduna daban-daban daga masarautu da dama da ke karkashin ikon Sakkwato. Ya isa Gawakuke tare da sojojinsa a ranar 9 ga Maris, da nufin rusa ƴan tawayen. [4] [6]
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dakarun masu tayar da kayar bayan sun haɗa da mayaƙan dawakai, raƙuma, maharba, da mashina [7] ƙarƙashin jagorancin Gobir Sultan Ali, da Basaraken Abzinawa Ibra, Maradi Chief Raudi, da ɗan'uwan Ali, Baciri. [6] Sojojin da suka hada kansu sun hadu da sojojin Muhammed Bello a ranar 9 ga Maris 1836; Sojojin sun fuskanci juna shiru kafin su fara yakin . [7] Bayan an gwabza kazamin fada, dakarun Abzinawa karkashin Cif Ibra sun balle, kuma dakarunsa sun watse. [4] Sojojin Muhammed Bello sun matsa kaimi inda suka yi galaba a kan sauran ‘yan tawayen, inda kuma suka samu gagarumar nasara. [5] [8]
Majiyoyi biyu sun ƙiyasta adadin mutanen da aka kashe a Gobir ya kai tsakanin dubu ashirin zuwa ashirin da biyar da suka mutu. [9]
Bayan haka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kashe Sultan Ali da Sarkin Maradi Raudi a yaƙin, amma Hafsan Abzinawa Ibra da Baciri sun yi nasarar tserewa. [10] Bayan samun nasarar, Muhammed Bello da sojojinsa sun yi kaca-kaca a duk faɗin yankin Gobir inda suka kashe wadanda suka haura shekaru sha biyar a matsayin ladabtar da harin da aka kai Karatu.[9]
Nasarar ita ce yaƙin ƙarshe a cikin dogon tarihi na rikici tsakanin Gobir da Sokoto, kuma ya tabbatar da matsayin masarautar a matsayin kariyar Daular Sakkwato. Muhammed Bello ya kafa garin ribat , ko kagara, a yankin domin wanzar da zaman lafiya da hana tada zaune tsaye. [11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Boyd, Jean (13 September 2013). The Caliph's Sister. Routledge. ISBN 1135177945.
- Smalldone, Joseph P. (25 March 1977). Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521210690.
- Last, Murray (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Longmans. ISBN 0582646375.
- Ridgeon, Lloyd (15 December 2014). The Cambridge Companion to Sufism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1107018307.
- Stephen Johnson, Hugh Anthony (1966). A Selection of Hausa Stories. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198151187.
- Adamu, Mahdi (1986). Pastoralists of the West African Savanna. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719022487.
- Ade Ajayi, J. F. (1990). History of West Africa. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231037376.