Yaren Gorani
Gorani (Kurdish گۆرانی , lit. ') wanda aka fi sani da babban yaren sa; Hawrami (ھەورامی, romaniised: Hewramî) yare ne na Arewa maso yammacin Iran wanda kabilun Kurdawa ke magana a arewa maso gabashin Iraki da yammacin Iran kuma tare da Zaza sun zama yarukan Zaza-Gorani. [1] bincike [2] yawa suna ɗaukar Gorani Yaren Kurdawa. Masu magana Gorani suna kiran yarensu Kurdish. Gorani yare [3] na wallafe-wallafen ga Kurdawa da yawa.
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Ana magana Gorani a Iraki da Iran kuma yana da yare huɗu: Bajelani, Hawrami, da Sarli, wasu tushe sun haɗa da Shabaki a matsayin yaren Gorani. [4] cikin wadannan, Hawrami ita ce yaren adabi na gargajiya da koiné na Kurdawa a yankin Ardalan na tarihi a Dutsen Zagros, amma tun daga lokacin Kurdawa ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Kurdawa sun maye gurbinsa.
Gorani yana da kimanin masu magana 180,000 a Iran a 2007 da masu magana 120,000 a Iraki da kuma a 2007 don jimlar masu magana 300,000. Ethnologue ya ba da rahoton cewa ana barazanar yaren a cikin ƙasashe biyu kuma masu magana da ke zaune a Iraki sun haɗa da dukan manya da wasu yara, duk da haka bai ambaci ko masu magana suna canzawa zuwa Sorani ko a'a ba. Yawancin masu magana da Gorani a Iran suna magana da Sorani, Farisa, da Kudancin Kurdawa. Y masu magana a Iraki suna magana da Sorani, yayin da wasu kuma ke magana da Larabci na Mesopotamiya.
Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sunan Goran ya bayyana ya kasance asalin Indo-Iranian. iya samo sunan daga tsohuwar kalmar Avestan, gairi, wanda ke nufin dutse.
Littattafai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A karkashin sarakuna masu zaman kansu na Ardalan (9th-14th / 14th-19th karni), tare da babban birninsu a Sanandaj, Gorani ya zama abin hawa na tarin shayari. Gorani ya kasance kuma ya kasance harshen farko na nassoshi na ƙungiyar Ahl-e Haqq, ko Yarsanism, wanda ke tsakiya akan Gahvara. Ayyukan Prose, akasin haka, ba a san su ba. Tsarin ayar Gorani yana da sauƙi sosai kuma yana da ma'ana. Ya ƙunshi kusan gaba ɗaya na stanzas na rabin ayoyi biyu na jimloli goma kowannensu, ba tare da la'akari da yawan jimloli ba.
An san sunayen mawaƙa na gargajiya arba'in da ke rubutawa a cikin Gorani, amma ba a san cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwa da kwanakin ba. Wataƙila marubucin farko shine Mele Perîşan, marubucin Masnavi na layi 500 akan bangaskiyar Shi'a wanda aka ruwaito ya rayu a kusa da 1356-1431. Sauran mawaƙa an san su daga ƙarni na 17 zuwa 19 kuma sun haɗa da Shaykh Mustafa Takhtayi, Khana Qubadi, Yusuf Yaska, Mistefa Bêsaranî da Khulam Rada Khan Arkawazi . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na ƙarshe da ya kammala littafin waka (divan) a Gurani shine Mawlawi Tawagozi a kudancin Halabja .
Kurdish Shahnameh tarin waƙoƙi ne masu ban sha'awa waɗanda aka ba da su ta hanyar magana daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa na gaba, wanda a ƙarshe Almas Khan-e Kanoule'ei ya rubuta wasu labaru a ƙarni na sha takwas. Har ila yau, akwai masnavis masu tsayi ko masu tsayi da yawa, galibi marubuta da ba a san su ba ne suka fassara su daga wallafe-wallafen Farisa ciki har da: Bijan da Manijeh, Khurshid-i Khawar, Khosrow da Shirin, Layla da Majnun, Shirin da Farhad, Haft Khwan-i Rostam da Sultan Jumjuma. Ana adana rubuce-rubucen waɗannan ayyukan a halin yanzu a cikin ɗakunan karatu na ƙasa na Berlin, Landan, da Paris.
Misali na waƙoƙin Gorani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Şîrîn u Xesrew wanda Khana Qubadî ya rubuta a shekara ta 1740.
Harsuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bajelani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bajelani yare ne na Gorani tare da kimanin masu magana 59,000, galibi a kusa da Mosul, kusa da Khanaqin da kusa da kwarin Khosar.
Hawrami[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hawrami (هەورامی; Hewramî) wanda aka fi sani da Avromani, Awromani ko Horami, yare ne na Gorani kuma an dauke shi a matsayin mafi tsufa. An fi magana da shi a yankin Hawraman, yankin tsaunuka da ke yammacin Iran (Iranian Kurdistan) da arewa maso gabashin Iraki (Iraqi Kurdistan). Akwai kusan masu magana ,000, kuma UNESCO ta sanya shi a matsayin "mai haɗari" a cikin 2010. [1]