Ambaliyar ruwa a Jakarta
Ambaliyar Jakarta ta afku ne a tekun yammacin arewa na Java, a bakin rafin Ciliwung a Jakarta Bay, Wanda shine mashigar tafkin Haba wanda ya faru a nan a baya a shekarar 1996, 1999, 2007, 2013, da 2020.[1]
Kimiyya ƙasa a Jakartata
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Yankin da gundumar ta musamman yakai 662 km2 of land area and 6,977 km2 of sea area.
Jakarta tana kwance a cikin ƙaramin kwano mai lebur, matsakaicin 7 metres (23 ft) sama da matakin teku ;[ana buƙatar hujja] na Jakarta, musamman yankunan arewa, suna kasa da matakin teku, yayin da sassan kudanci ke kwatankwacin tudu.
Koguna suna gudana daga tsaunukan Puncak zuwa kudancin birnin, ƙetare birnin zuwa arewa zuwa Tekun Java; kogin Ciliwung, ya raba birnin zuwa manyan sarakunan yamma da gabas. Sauran kogunan sun haɗa da Pesanggrahan, da kogin Sunter .
Cbauran abubuwan da ke ba da gudumawa sun haɗa da toshe bututun nasa da hanyoyin ruwa waɗanda ke ba da hidima ga karuwar yawan jama'a, baya ga saran gandun daji da ke kusa da sauri na ƙauracewa biranen Bogor da Depok a cikin yankin Jakarta.
Jakarta yanki ne na birni mai sarƙaƙƙiya matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa a kaikaice wajen haifar da aukuwar ambaliyar ruwa. B b.bu
Ambaliyar 1960
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Fabrairun shekarar 1960, ambaliya ta faru a cikin sabon unguwar Grogol . Duk da shirin hana ambaliya na unguwar Grogol, yankin ya cika da guiwa da tsayin kugu. Wannan shine rikici na farko ga Gwamna Soemarno wanda aka girka kwanaki kadan kafin a fara ambaliya. [3]
Ambaliyar 1996
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban ambaliyar ruwa ta faru a cikin 1996 lokacin da hectare 5,000 na fili ya mamaye.
Ambaliyar 2007
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Duba kuma 2007 ambaliya ta Jakarta
An kuma samu manyan ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 2007. Asara daga lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da kuma kudaden shiga na jihar sun kasance akalla 5.2 Rupiah (572 dalar Amurka miliyan) kuma aƙalla mutane 190,000 ne suka kamu da rashin lafiya sakamakon cututtuka masu nasaba da ambaliyar ruwa. Kimanin kashi 70% na yankin Jakarta ya cika da ruwa mai zurfin mita hudu a sassan birnin. [4] Mutane 80 ne suka mutu a ambaliyar.
Ambaliyar 2013
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2013, wata mummunar ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi cikin garin Jakarta, da kuma wasu yankuna da dama da ke kewaye da birnin, irin su Java ta Yamma da Banten, sakamakon ruwan sama mai yawa da magudanan ruwa da suka toshe da shara da sauran tarkace. Wani yanki mai tsayin mitoci 30 na mashigin ruwan tekun yammacin Jakarta da ke Jalan Johannes Latuharhary a Menteng ya ruguje, wanda cikin sauri ya haifar da ambaliya a yankunan da ke kusa. Jami'an soji, da hukumar kula da ayyukan jama'a ta Jakarta, da jami'an kula da jama'a sun hada karfi da karfe domin maye gurbin sashin da ya ruguje da wani katanga na wucin gadi da aka yi da duwatsu da jakunkuna. Ma'aikata sun gama sake gina wani yanki na magudanar ruwa . An ba da rahoton ambaliya a fadar shugaban kasa, lamarin da ya tilasta dage ganawar da shugaba Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono zai yi da takwaransa na Argentina, Cristina Fernandez da ke ziyara. An bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane 47. An gudanar da kwashe mutanen a sassan Jakarta. Kimanin mutane 20,000 ne aka kwashe tun daga ranar 17 ga Janairun 2013
Ambaliyar 2020
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ambaliyar ruwa ta afku a cikin Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, da Bekasi a farkon sa'o'in 1 ga Janairu, 2020, saboda ruwan sama na dare wanda ya zubar da kusan 381 millimetres (15.0 in) . - fiye da sau 3 matsakaicin adadin. Ruwan sama mai yawa ya sa kogin Ciliwung da Cisadane ya cika. An ba wa ƙofofin ambaliya da yawa matsayin gaggawa saboda yawan ruwan da aka yi bayan ruwan sama.
A ƙalla mutane 48 ne aka samu sanar cewa sun mutu, dalilin zaizayar kasa da Ambaliyan.[5][6] Mafi yawan sassan birane sun rasa lantarki saboda yanke wutar da akayi don matakin tsaro.
Many parts of the city had been left without power, as the power was switched off for safety reasons
An katse hanyoyin sadarwar sufuri da yawa da suka haɗa da hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai sauƙi, taksi, jiragen ƙasa, hanyoyin biyan kuɗi, da filin jirgin sama. Filin jirgin saman Sukarno-Hatta da Layukan Rapid Transit na Mass suna aiki kamar yadda aka saba.
An rufe filin jirgin saman Halim Perdanakusuma da sanyin safiya, sakamakon nutsewar titin jirgin. An karkatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa filin jirgin saman Sukarno-Hatta na ɗan lokaci. An sake buɗe Halim Perdanakusuma bayan awanni biyu.
Daga karfe 6 na yamma ranar 1 ga watan Janairu zuwa karfe 12 na rana a ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2020, gwamnati ta yi watsi da duk wasu kudade na titunan Jakarta na wani dan lokaci.
A wurare da dama na birnin, ruwan ya kai 30 zuwa 200 cm. A wasu wurare, kamar Cipinang Melayu, Gabashin Jakarta, matakan ruwa sun kai mita 4. Sama da mazauna 19,000 ne aka kwashe zuwa manyan filaye. Gwamnati ta sanya makarantu da gine-ginen gwamnati a matsayin matsugunan wucin gadi. A yankuna da dama, an kawo cikas ga yunkurin kwashe mutanen da ruwa da kuma bakar fata.
A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Jakarta ta ga wani ambaliyar ruwa.
Ambaliyar 2021
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankuna da dama a Jakarta da garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Tangerang da Bekasi sun mamaye cikin ruwa har zuwa zurfin mita 2 a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu. Akalla mutane biyar ne suka mutu, hudu daga cikinsu kananan yara ne da magudanar ruwan kogin ya tafi da su a wurare daban-daban a Kudu da yammacin Jakarta . An dai shafe unguwanni dari biyu sannan an kwashe wasu mazauna Jakarta 1,380.
Magunguna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magudanar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Canal na Ambaliyar Gabas ( Banjir Kanal Timur, BKT) a gabashin Jakarta wani aiki ne na kasa wanda aka fara a cikin 2003 zuwa ƙarshen 2009 ya isa Tekun Java kuma za a kammala shi a cikin 2011. Tsayinsa ya kai kilomita 23.5 wanda ya hada koguna biyar: Cipinang, Sunter, Buaran, Jati Kramat da Cakung . Zai rage ambaliya da fata a matsayin filin wasan kwale-kwale na kilomita 2 ma. [7] Don sauƙaƙawa daga ambaliya, Tsarin Dredging na gaggawa na Jakarta (JEDI) kashi-2 zai yi canal na ƙarƙashin ƙasa ( siphon ) daga kogin Ciliwung zuwa kogin Cipinang sannan ya wuce ta Gabas Canal . Zai rage ambaliya a Cawang, Kampung Melayu, Bukit Duri da Kebun Baru . Tsawon kilomita daya ne kuma an gama shi a shekarar 2016.
Amfani da taswirar haɗin kai don shirye-shiryen bala'i a Jakarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don sarrafa haɗari yadda ya kamata, yana buƙatar bayanai masu yawa don yanke shawara kan saka hannun jari a cikin shiri, raguwa, da amsawa. Har zuwa kwanan nan, ba a cika samun cikakken bayani game da yanayin bala'i ( ambaliyar ruwa) a matakin gida ba. Wani aikin gwaji a Jakarta, wanda hukumar kula da bala'o'i ta lardin Jakarta ya jagoranta, ya tattara manyan bayanai don sanar da shirye-shiryen ambaliyar ruwa. Daga baya, an yi amfani da bayanan, waɗanda al'umma da sauran jama'a ke samun damar yin amfani da su a cikin shirin gaggawa na gaggawa na Jakarta na 2011/2012. Bayanin haɗari da ya samar yana da matukar amfani ga masu yanke shawara a cikin shirye-shirye, haɓakawa da kuma shirin saka hannun jari. Ana iya tuntuɓar Petbencana.id yanzu kuma yana ɗauke da taswirar ambaliya. [8] [9] Ana iya samun wasu ƙarin bayani a OpenStreetMap . Yana da wani dandamali na kan layi, mai buɗewa, wanda ya dogara da taswirar haɗin kai da al'ummomin gida, masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu suka tattara cikakkun bayanai game da yankin da aka ba da kuma raba shi, suna biyan bukatun cikin yanayin bala'i.
Batutuwa masu ci gaba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nutsewar Jakarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tare da ambaliya daga koguna, Jakarta kuma tana nutsewa kusan santimita 5 zuwa 10 a kowace shekara kuma har zuwa santimita 20 a yankin arewacin Jakarta. Daga 2000 zuwa 2050, yuwuwar ambaliyar ruwa ta bakin teku an kiyasta ta karu da 110.5 km 2 saboda yanayin ƙasa da hawan teku.[10] Ana samun koma bayan kasa a Jakarta saboda yawan amfani da ruwan karkashin kasa. [11] Hakazalika, ruwan da ke karkashin kasa ya rasa yadda zai iya yin caji saboda rashin wuraren da ruwa ya yi yawa da kuma yawan jama'a a babban birnin kasar. Ba tare da wani tsari na tsarin ruwa na ƙasa ba, gine-gine a Jakarta suna ɗibar ruwa daga ƙasa a wani matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Ga gidaje, musamman waɗanda ke ƙasan dala na tattalin arziki, ana ɗaukar samun ruwan famfo a matsayin abin alatu. Ba wai kawai abokin ciniki ya biya kuɗin kuɗin fito ba, wanda ya fi sauran biranen Indonesiya, [12] kuɗaɗen biya sau da yawa suna ɗorawa talakawa gidaje don haɗawa da famfo.
Bugu da kari, mazauna Jakarta suna ganin ingancin ruwan famfo (da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa) a Jakarta ba shi da inganci, don haka ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa kashi 28 cikin dari na gidajen Jakarta kadai ke shan ruwan famfo da ruwan karkashin kasa idan aka kwatanta da kashi 95 cikin 100 a shekarar 2000. [13] Baya ga sha, mutane a Jakarta har yanzu suna amfani da ruwan karkashin kasa, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci suna yin bututun ruwa da kuma keka ruwa. [14] Irin wannan hali na ruwa ya haifar da yin amfani da ruwan karkashin kasa fiye da kima, don haka yana taimakawa wajen samar da ƙasa.
A ƙoƙarin warware matsalar, Netherlands za ta ba da $4 miliyan don nazarin yuwuwar gina wani jirgin ruwa a kan Jakarta Bay . Za a samar da dik ɗin zobe tare da tsarin famfo da yanki mai riƙewa, zai daidaita da sarrafa ruwan teku kuma za a yi amfani da shi azaman ƙarin titin kuɗi. Za a gina aikin nan da shekarar 2025. Gina wani 8 An ƙaddamar da bangon teku na kilomita a bakin tekun a hukumance a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2014.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 2013 Jakarta ambaliya
- Canjin yanayi a Indonesia
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ See petabencana flood maps
- ↑ See petabencana flood maps
- ↑ Merrillees 2015.
- ↑ Jakarta Flood Feb 2007 « (Geo) Information for All
- ↑ "[UPDATED] Multiple deaths reported as floods, landslides strike Greater Jakarta". The Jakarta Post (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-01-01.
- ↑ "9 dead after Indonesian capital hit by New Year flooding". CNA (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
- ↑ Minister: Jakarta East Flood Canal accomplished in 2011. Waspada.co.id (30 November 2010). Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ↑ Petabencana.id
- ↑ Riskmap
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Onodera, S., Saito, M., Sawano, M., Hosono, T., Taniguchi, M., Shimada, J., Umezawa, Y., Lubis, R.F., Buapeng, S., Delinom, R.2008. “Effects of intensive urbanization on the intrusion of shallow groundwater into deep groundwater: Examples from Bangkok and Jakarta”. Science of the Total Environment. 404(2-3). 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.003
- ↑ Zamzami, Irfan, and Nila Ardhianie. “An End to the Struggle? Jakarta Residents Reclaim Their Water System.” In Our Public Water Future: The Global Experience with Remunicipalisation, 40–49. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute (TNI), 2015. https://www.ft.dk/samling/20151/almdel/efk/nilag/408/1667841.pdf.
- ↑ Indonesia Statistical Agency. “Water Supply Statistics DKI Jakarta 2013–2015.” Indonesia Statistical Agency, July 25, 2017.https://jakarta.bps.go.id/publication/2017/07/25/afe14bedf87387ac239cebb8/statistik-air-bersih-dki-jakarta-2013-2015
- ↑ Ismowati, M. “Profile of Pam Jaya and Private Partners in Clean Water Supply Jakartan (Case Study Year 1998–2012).” KnE Social Sciences, August 29, 2018, 481–93.https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.2928<