Anaxagoras

Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras; wani ɓangare na fresco a cikin portico na Jami'ar Kasa ta Athens .
An haife shi	c.500 KZ  Clazomenae, Ionia, Daular Farisa
Ya mutu	c. 428 BC Lampsacus
Ayyukan falsafa
Ya kasance	Falsafar Dā
Yankin	Falsafar Yamma
Makarantar	Makarantar Ionian
Babban sha'awa	Falsafar halitta
Shahararrun ra'ayoyi	Nous, ko Mind yana ba da umarni ga dukkan abubuwa

Anaxagoras
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Ἀναξαγόρας
Haihuwa	Klazomenai (en) , 500 "BCE"
Mutuwa	Lampsacus (en) , 428 "BCE"
Karatu
Harsuna	Ancient Greek (en)
Ɗalibai	view Metrodorus of Lampsacus (en) Empedocles Carneades of Athens (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	masanin lissafi, mai falsafa, physicist (en) , Ilimin Taurari da marubuci
Fafutuka	Pluralist school (en) Pre-Socratic philosophy (en)

Anaxagoras (/ˌænækˈsæɡərəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagóras, 'lord of the assembly'; c. 500 BC – c. 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. In later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus.

Da yake amsawa ga ikirarin Parmenides game da rashin yiwuwar canji, Anaxagoras ya gabatar da manufar Nous (Cosmic Mind) a matsayin ikon yin oda. Ya kuma ba da labari na kimiyya da yawa game da abubuwan da suka faru, gami da ra'ayin panspermia, cewa rayuwa ta wanzu a duk faɗin sararin samaniya kuma ana iya rarraba ta ko'ina. Ya ƙaddamar da bayanin da ya dace game da Hasken rana kuma ya bayyana Rana a matsayin wani abu mai zafi wanda ya fi Peloponnese girma, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana bakan gizo da meteors. Ya kuma yi hasashen cewa rana na iya zama wata tauraro kawai.

Tarihin rayuwa

Anaxagoras was born in the town of Clazomenae in the early 5th century BC, where he may have been born into an aristocratic family. He arrived at Athens, either shortly after the Persian war (in which he may have fought on the Persian side), or at some point when he was a bit older, around 456 BC. While at Athens, he became close with the Athenian statesman Pericles. According to Diogenes Laërtius and Plutarch, in later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus; the charges may have been political, owing to his association with Pericles, if they were not fabricated by later ancient biographers. According to Laërtius, Pericles spoke in defense of Anaxagoras at his trial, c. 450. Even so, Anaxagoras was forced to retire from Athens to Lampsacus in Troad (c. 434 – 433). He died of starvation there around the year 428. Citizens of Lampsacus erected an altar to Mind and Truth in his memory and observed the anniversary of his death for many years. They placed over his grave the following inscription:

Bugu da ƙari, don girmama shi, an kafa bikin shekara-shekara da ake kira Anaxagoreia.

Falsafa

Da yake amsawa ga ikirarin Parmenides game da rashin yiwuwar canji, Anaxagoras ya bayyana duniya a matsayin cakuda sinadaran da ba za a iya lalacewa ba, inda bambancin abu bai taɓa haifar da cikakkiyar kasancewar wani sinadarin ba, amma ta hanyar dangi a kan sauran sinadarin; a cikin kalmominsa, "kowane ɗayan shine... a bayyane yake waɗannan abubuwan da ke da yawa a ciki". Ya gabatar da manufar nous (tunani na sararin samaniya) a matsayin ikon yin oda, wanda ya motsa kuma ya raba cakuda na asali, wanda ya kasance daidai ko kusan haka.

Anaxagoras ya kawo falsafar da ruhun binciken kimiyya daga Ionia zuwa Athens. A cewar Anaxagoras, duk abubuwa sun wanzu a wata hanya tun daga farko, amma da farko sun wanzu cikin ƙananan gutsuttsura na kansu, marasa iyaka a cikin adadi kuma ba tare da haɗuwa ba a duk sararin samaniya. Dukkanin abubuwa sun kasance a cikin wannan taro amma a cikin rikice-rikice da rashin rarrabewa. Akwai adadi mara iyaka na sassa iri ɗaya (ὁμοιο faɗar) da kuma wadanda ba su da yawa.