Aro Confederacy
Ƙungiyar Aro(1690-1902)ƙungiya ce ta siyasa wadda al'ummar Aro,ƙungiyar Igbo, ta tsakiya a Arochukwu a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya a yau.An kafa masarautar Aro Confederacy bayan farkon yakin Aro-Ibibio .Tasirinsu da kasancewarsu ya kasance a ko'ina a Gabashin Najeriya,ƙananan Tsakiyar Tsakiya,da wasu sassan Kamaru da Equatorial Guinea na yau a cikin ƙarni na 18th da 19th.Masarautar Arochukwu wata cibiya ce ta tattalin arziki,siyasa,kuma cibiyar baka ce domin ita ce gidan fadar Ibini Ukpabi, Manyan Firistoci,Sarkin Aro Eze Aro,da majalisar tsakiya(Okpankpo). Ƙungiyar Aro ta kasance ƙungiya ce mai ƙarfi da tasiri a siyasance da tattalin arziƙin al'ummar Igbo daban-daban a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link> a cikin karni na 17 kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yankin har zuwa karshen karni na 19.[1]
Tashi da Karfi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ba a tantance ainihin tushen ƙungiyar Aro Confederacy ba,amma an yi imanin an kafa ta a tsakiyar karni na 17.Kabilar Aro wadanda ke cikin kabilar Ibo,sun mamaye yankin ne a kusa da Arochukwu na jihar Abia a Najeriya.Sun kasance ƙwararrun ƴan kasuwa da ƴan mishan waɗanda suka taka rawar gani wajen haɗa al'ummomin Igbo daban-daban. Wannan ƙaura da ƙarfinsu na soja,da yaƙe-yaƙe da masarautun da ke makwabtaka da su kamar goyon bayan ƙawancensu da wasu maƙwabtan Ibo da na Gabashin Cross River da aka yi yaƙi da su(musamman Ohafia,Edda,Abam,Abiriba,Afikpo,Ekoi, Bahumono,Amasiri da sauransu),cikin sauri.kafa kungiyar Aro Confederacy a matsayin ikon tattalin arziki na yanki. Ƙarfin Aro Confederacy ya fito ne daga ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta wakilan Aro waɗanda suka watsu a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban na yankin. Waɗannan wakilai sun kasance masu shiga tsakani a harkokin kasuwanci, diflomasiyya,da al'amuran addini.Sun saukaka kasuwanci,sun warware rigingimu,da yada ibadar gunkin Aro da aka fi sani da“Dogon Juju”baka.
The "Long Juju" Oracle[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Maganar"Long Juju"ita ce cibiyar ruhaniya ta ƙungiyar Aro Confederacy. An zaunar da shi a Arochukwu kuma an dauke shi babban tushen ikon siyasa da jagorar addini.Mutanen Aro sun yi amfani da baƙar magana don tilasta tasirinsu da iko akan al'ummomin da ke kewaye.Har ila yau, ya zama wata hanya ta gudanar da adalci da sasanta rigingimu,inda ta kan jawo hankalin alhazai masu neman mafita daga matsalolinsu.
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Ƙarfin Tattalin Arziƙi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙungiyar Aro ta sami gagarumin ƙarfin tattalin arziki ta hanyar kasuwanci da kasuwanci Tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne akan noma,tare da noman amfanin gona kamar dabino,dawa,da rogo.Har ila yau,sun kasance suna yin kasuwanci da al'ummomin makwabta da kuma 'yan kasuwa na Turai.Suna sarrafa hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke bi ta yankunansu,suna karbar haraji da haraji daga’yan kasuwa. Har ila yau,Aro ya tsunduma cikin cinikin bayi na Trans-Atlantic ta hanyar kamawa da sayar da bayi ga 'yan kasuwa na Turai.
Ƙungiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ayyukan Aro a bakin teku sun taimaka wa ci gaban biranen yankin Neja-Delta,kuma waɗannan jahohin na birni sun zama mahimman cibiyoyi na fitar da dabino da bayi.Irin wadannan jahohin sun hada da Opobo,Bonny,Nembe,Calabar,da kuma sauran garuruwan da ake fataucin bayi da Ijaw,Efik,da Igbo ke iko da su.Aros sun kafa cibiyar kasuwanci mai ƙarfi, mazauna,kuma sun haɗa ɗaruruwan al'ummomi waɗanda suka zama masarautu masu ƙarfi.Masarautun Ajalli, Arondizuogu,Ndikelionwu,da Igbene sun kasance wasu daga cikin manyan jahohin Aro a cikin Confederacy bayan Arochukwu.An kafa wasu kuma aka sanyawa sunayen kwamandoji da sarakuna irin su Izuogu Mgbokpo da Iheme wanda ya jagoranci sojojin Aro/Abam suka ci Ikpa Ora kuma suka kafa Arondizuogu.Daga baya kwamandojin Aro irin su Okoro Idozuka (kuma na Arondizuogu)sun fadada iyakokin jihar ta hanyar yaki a farkon karni na 19.Hijirar Aro ta kuma taka rawar gani wajen fadada Ozizza,Afikpo,Amasiri, Izombe,da sauran jahohin birni da dama. Misali,sojojin Aro sun kafa akalla kauyuka uku a Ozizza.Ikon Aro Confederacy,ya samo asali ne daga matsayinta na tattalin arziki da addini.Da Turawa‘yan mulkin mallaka a kan hanyarsu a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19,abubuwa sun canza.
Karya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekarun 1890s,Kamfanin Royal Niger Company na Biritaniya ya sami sabani da Aros saboda karfin tattalin arzikinsu.Aro sun yi adawa da shigar Birtaniyya a yankin bayan gida saboda ana fuskantar barazanar tasirin tattalin arziki da addini.Aro da kawayensu sun kaddamar da farmaki kan kawayen Birtaniya a yankin Igbo da Ibibioland. Bayan tattaunawar da ba ta yi nasara ba, Birtaniya sun yi ƙoƙari su ci Aro Confederacy a 1899.A shekara ta 1901, tashin hankali ya karu musamman lokacin da Birtaniya ta shirya don balaguron Aro. Mamaya na Obegu(a cikin Igboland)shine babban harin Aro na ƙarshe kafin fara yakin Anglo-Aro.A watan Nuwamba na 1901,Turawan Ingila suka kaddamar da balaguron Aro,bayan da suka yi tsayin daka da Aro,aka kama Arochukwu a ranar 28 ga Disamba,1901.A farkon 1902,yakin ya ƙare kuma ƙungiyar Aro Confederacy ta rushe.Sabanin yadda aka yi imani da cewa an lalata Ibini Ukpabi,wurin ibadar har yanzu yana nan,kuma yana nan a cikin Arochukwu kuma ya kasance wurin yawon bude ido.
