Dokar gurbataccen mai ta 1973
 Dokar gurbataccen mai ta 1973 | |
|---|---|
Act of Congress in the United States (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Legislated by (en) |
93rd United States Congress (en) |
Dokar Gurbacewar Mai na shekarar 1973 ko Dokar Gurɓacewar Mai na 1973, 33 USC Babi na 20 §§ 1001-1011, wata dokar tarayya ce ta Amurka wacce ta gyara dokar Amurka ta 75 . . Dokar Majalisar ta dore da ƙudirin Amurka na sarrafa fitar da gurbataccen mai daga jiragen ruwa da kuma amincewa da takunkumin da aka yi wa yankunan bakin teku a cikin ruwa masu kan iyaka .
Majalisar dokokinƙasar Amurka ta 93 ta zartar da dokar ta HR 5451 kuma shugaban Amurka na 37 Richard Nixon ya kuma zartar a ranar 4 ga Oktoban shekarata 1973.
Tarihin OILPOL
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don hana gurɓacewar teku ta Oil (OILPOL) taron ƙasa da ƙasa ne da Burtaniya ta shirya a shekarata 1954. An yi taron a London, Ingila daga 26 ga Afrilun, shekarar 1954 zuwa 12 ga Mayu, shekarata 1954. An kuma kira taron na ƙasa da ƙasa ne domin sanin yadda ake zubar da dattin datti wanda zai iya haifar da gurbacewar yanayi a cikin tekun .
Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar teku ta hanyar mai, a shekarata 1954 an rubuta ainihin rubutun cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci . An gyara ƙa'idar muhalli a shekarun 1962, 1969, da 1971.
gyare-gyaren OILPOL na shekarata 1971 sun ƙaddamar da hukunce-hukuncen teku waɗanda ba za a iya soke su ba don Babban Barrier Reef da ke cikin Tekun Coral . gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa sun gabatar da tanadin kula da ƙira don jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin teku waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun tsarin samar da tankunan ruwa da iyakokin girman tankunan jiragen ruwa .
Abubuwan da Dokar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Canje - canjen na shekarata 1973 ya jaddada yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar ruwa ta hanyar mai, 1954 ta hanyar bin gyare-gyaren yarjejeniyar ta shekarun 1969 da 1971.
Ma'anoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Cakuda mai yana nufin cakuda da kowane abun cikin mai .
- Zubar da ruwa dangane da saurin fitar da abin da ke cikin mai yana nufin adadin fitar mai a lita a cikin sa'a a kowane lokaci da saurin jirgin ya raba cikin kulli a lokaci guda.
- An haramta zubar da mai ko cakuda mai daga jirgi sai dai idan
- I.) jirgi yana tafiya akan hanya
- II.) yawan fitar da man fetur nan take baya wuce 60 litres (13 imp gal; 16 US gal) ta 1 mile (1.6 km)
- Fitar mai ko cakuda mai daga jirgi, ban da tankunan ruwa ba an hana shi sai dai
- I.) Abubuwan da ke cikin man da ake fitarwa bai wuce kashi ɗari ba a cikin kashi miliyan ɗaya na cakuda
- II.) Ana yin abun da ke cikin man da ake fitarwa gwargwadon iya aiki daga ƙasa mafi kusa
- An haramta zubar da mai ko cakuda mai daga tankunan ruwa sai dai in
- I.) Za a gudanar da fitar da kaya daga mashinan sararin samaniya ta hanyar tanadin da ke sama na jiragen ruwa ban da na tankunan ruwa.
- II. Jimlar yawan fitar da mai a kan balaguron balaguro bai wuce 1/15000 na yawan jigilar kaya ba.
- III. Tankin mai ya fi 50 miles (80 km) daga ƙasa mafi kusa
- An haramta zubar da mai ko cakuda mai daga jirgi sai dai idan
- Ƙasa mafi kusa tana nufin fiye da 50 miles (80 km) daga bakin teku
- Sakatare na nufin Sakataren sashen da ke tafiyar da ayyukan Hukumar Tsaron Tekun Amurka
Matsayin Gina Jirgin Ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tankunan da aka gina a Amurka za a yi su ne bisa tanadin tanadin C na Yarjejeniyar Kariya da Gurɓacewar Ruwa ta Teku, kamar yadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima a 1971, dangane da tsarin tanki da iyakance girman tanki.
- Matsayin ginin yana da ingantaccen kwanan wata ga duk tankunan da aka gina a Amurka kamar na;
- I.) Isar da tankar ta kasance bayan 1 ga Janairu, shekarata 1977
- II. ) Isar da tankin bai wuce 1 ga Janairu, 1977 ba, kuma an sanya kwangilar ginin bayan 1 ga Janairu shekarata, 1972.
- III. ) A lokuta da ba a riga an ba da kwangilar gini ba, ana shimfida keel ko kuma tankar ta kasance a irin wannan matakin na ginin, bayan 30 ga Yuni, shekarata 1972.
- Ana buƙatar jiragen ruwa na Amurka su kasance a cikin jirgin da takardar shaidar yarda da aikin ginin jirgin ruwa daidai da kari C zuwa yarjejeniyar kamar yadda tsarin tanki ya kayyade da iyakance girman tanki.
Haramcin Yanki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Yankin Ostiraliya - bakin tekun arewa maso gabashin Ostiraliya ko Queensland wanda aka zana ta hanyar layin da aka zana daga wani wuri a bakin tekun Ostiraliya a cikin latitude 11 kudu, tsayi 142 digiri 08 mintuna gabas (11°00′00″S 142°08′00″E / 11.00000°S 142.13333°E ) zuwa matsayi a cikin latitude 10 digiri 35 mintuna kudu, tsayi 141 digiri 55 minti gabas (10°35′00″S 141°55′00″E / 10.58333°S 141.91667°E ).
- Babban Barrier Reef - yankin kariya na Coral reef na tsarin mafi girman murjani na duniya .
- daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 10 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 142 digiri 00 minutes gabas (10°00′00″S 142°00′00″E / 10.00000°S 142.00000°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani batu latitude 9 digiri 10 minutes kudu, longitude 143 digiri 52 minutes gabas (9°10′00″S 143°52′00″E / 9.16667°S 143.86667°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 9 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 144 digiri 30 minutes gabas (9°00′00″S 144°30′00″E / 9.00000°S 144.50000°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 13 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 144 digiri 00 minutes gabas (13°00′00″S 144°00′00″E / 13.00000°S 144.00000°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 15 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 146 digiri 00 minutes gabas (15°00′00″S 146°00′00″E / 15.00000°S 146.00000°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 18 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 147 digiri 00 minutes gabas (18°00′00″S 147°00′00″E / 18.00000°S 147.00000°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani ma'ana latitude 21 digiri 00 minutes kudu, longitude 153 digiri 00 minutes gabas (21°00′00″S 153°00′00″E / 21.00000°S 153.00000°E )
- daga nan zuwa wani batu a bakin tekun Ostiraliya a cikin latitude 24 digiri 42 mintuna kudu, Longitude 153 digiri 15 minutes gabas (24°42′00″S 153°15′00″E / 24.70000°S 153.25000°E )
Littafin Rubutun Mai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Za a kammala littafin rikodin man a kowane lokaci, bisa ga tanki-da-tanki, a duk lokacin da aka gudanar da wani aiki kamar haka a kan jirgin ruwa da kuma tanki.
| Littafin Rubutun Mai na Tankokin Mai |
|---|
| Sunan jirgin ruwa |
| Jimlar kayan da ke ɗauke da ƙarfin jirgi a cikin mitoci masu siffar sukari |
| I.) Loda kayan mai |
| Kwanan wata da wurin lodi |
| Nau'in man da aka ɗora |
| Alamar tanki(s) da aka ɗora |
| II. ) Canja wurin dakon mai a lokacin tafiya |
| Ranar canja wuri |
| Asalin tanki(s) |
| (a) Daga tankin canja wuri (s) |
| (b) Don canja wurin tanki (s) |
| Shin (sun kasance) tanki (s) a cikin (a) Daga tankin canja wuri ya zama fanko? |
| III. ) Fitar da man fetur |
| Kwanan wata da wurin fitarwa |
| Siffar tanki(s) da aka fitar |
| Shin (an) tankuna (s) an kwashe su? |
| IV. ) Ballasan tankunan dakon kaya |
| Asalin tanki(s) ballsted |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgi a farkon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa |
| V.) Tsaftace tankunan dakon kaya |
| Shaida na tanki(s) tsabtace |
| Kwanan wata da tsawon lokacin tsaftacewa |
| Hanyoyin tsaftacewa* |
| Hoto na hannu, wankin injin, ko tsabtace sinadarai. Inda aka tsaftace sinadarai, adadin da sinadaran da ake amfani da su za a bayyana su a cikin littafin rikodin mai. |
| VI. ) Zubar da dattin ballast |
| Asalin tanki(s) |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgi a farkon fitarwa zuwa teku |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgin a ƙarshen fitarwa zuwa teku |
| Gudun (s) na jirgi yayin fitarwa |
| Yawan fitarwa zuwa teku |
| Adadin gurbataccen ruwa da aka canjawa wuri zuwa tanki (s) (gano tanki (s)) |
| Kwanan wata da tashar jiragen ruwa na fitarwa zuwa wuraren liyafar bakin teku (idan an zartar) |
| VII. ) Fitar da ruwa daga tankin tanki (s) |
| Identity na tanki (s) slop |
| Lokacin daidaitawa daga shigarwar ƙarshe na ragowar, ko |
| Lokacin daidaitawa daga fitarwa ta ƙarshe |
| Kwanan wata, lokaci da matsayi na jirgi a farkon fitarwa |
| Sautin jimlar abun ciki a farkon fitarwa |
| Sautin dubawa a farkon fitarwa |
| Yawan fitarwa da adadin fitarwa |
| Adadin ƙarshe da aka fitar da ƙimar fitarwa |
| Kwanan wata, lokaci da matsayi na jirgi a ƙarshen fitarwa |
| Gudun (s) na jirgi yayin fitarwa |
| Sautin dubawa a ƙarshen fitarwa |
| VIII. ) Zubar da ragowar |
| Asalin tanki(s) |
| Adadin da aka zubar daga kowane tanki |
| Hanyar zubar da ragowar: |
| (a) Wuraren liyafar |
| (b) Gauraye da kaya |
| (c) Canja wurin zuwa wani (sauran) tanki (s) (gano tanki (s))) |
| (d) Wata hanyar |
| Kwanan wata da tashar jiragen ruwa na zubar da ragowar |
| IX. ) Zubar da ruwa mai dauke da mai wanda ya taru a cikin injina (ciki har da dakunan famfo) |
| Port |
| Tsawon zama |
| Adadin da aka zubar |
| Kwanan wata da wurin zubarwa |
| Hanyar zubar (bayyana ko an yi amfani da mai raba) |
| Littafin Rubutun Mai Na Jiragen Ruwa Ban da Tankokin Mai |
|---|
| Sunan jirgin ruwa |
| I.) Yin kwalliya ko tsaftace tankunan mai |
| Asalin tanki(s) ballsted |
| Ko an tsaftace tun lokacin da suka wuce yana dauke da mai kuma, idan ba haka ba, nau'in mai da aka ɗauka a baya |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgi a farkon tsaftacewa |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgi a farkon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa |
| II. ) Zubar da dattin ballast ko tsaftace ruwa daga tankuna |
| Asalin tanki(s) |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgi a farkon fitarwa |
| Kwanan wata da matsayi na jirgi a ƙarshen fitarwa |
| Gudun (s) na jirgi yayin fitarwa |
| Hanyar fitarwa (bayyana ko an yi amfani da mai raba) |
| Yawan fitarwa |
| III. ) Zubar da ragowar |
| Adadin ragowar da aka ajiye a cikin jirgin |
| Hanyoyin zubar da ragowar: |
| (a) Wuraren liyafar |
| (b) Haɗe da bunkering na gaba |
| (c) Canja wurin zuwa wani (sauran) tanki (s) |
| Kwanan wata da tashar jiragen ruwa na zubar da ragowar |
| IV. ) Fitar da ruwa mai ɗauke da mai wanda ya taru a cikin injina |
| Port |
| Tsawon zama |
| Adadin da aka zubar |
| Kwanan wata da wurin zubarwa |
| Hanyar zubar da ruwa (bayyana ko ana amfani da mai raba) |
Soke Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1973
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An soke dokar jama'a ta Amurka ta shekarata 1973 ta hanyar kafa dokar hana gurɓacewar ruwa daga jiragen ruwa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, shekarar 1980.
Duba wasu abubuwan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tankin ballast
- Fitar ruwan ballast da muhalli
- Tasirin muhalli na jigilar kaya
- Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya
- Dokar Kariyar Ruwa, Bincike, da Wuri Mai Tsarki na 1972
- MARPOL 73/78
- Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1924
- Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1990
- Dokar makamashi ta Amurka