Dolly Rudeman
Dolly Rudeman (an haife shi Gustave Adolphine Wilhelmina Rüdemann,3 ga Fabrairu 1902 - 26 Janairu 1980) ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar Holland ne wanda ya samar da fosta ga wasu shahararrun daraktoci da taurarin fina-finai na zamaninta,gami da Sergei Eisenstein,Charlie Chaplin,da Greta Garbo.
An haife shi a cikin Indies Gabas ta Gabas (yanzu Indonesia )ga iyayen Holland,mahaifinta ya mutu kafin a haife ta kuma mahaifiyarta ta dauki dangi zuwa Netherlands lokacin da Rudeman ke cikin matashi.Rudeman ya yi karatun fasaha da zane tun yana karami,kuma a farkon shekarun 1930 ya fara sana'ar zane.Ta damu da cewa akwai ɗan kwanciyar hankali na kuɗi a fasaha, ta juya zuwa matsakaicin ƙirar fosta. A cikin 20s,ita ce kaɗai macen da ke zana fosta don masana'antar fim,kuma ta kasance ƙwararriyar ƙwararren mai zanen fosta da shirye-shiryen buga wa Kamfanin Amintaccen Cinema na Netherlands.
Ko da yake aikin ya bushe a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu —a lokacin da ta taimaki Yahudawa da ke ɓoye daga Nazis mamaya—ta koma zanen hoton bayan yaƙin.An kira shekarun 1950 ta 'zamanin zinare',kuma a cikin wannan shekaru goma ta fadada zuwa wasu nau'o'in ƙira kamar katin waya,akwatunan cakulan, da yumbu.Ba ta taɓa samun shaharar da take da shi ba kafin yaƙin,duk da haka,kuma ta mutu a cikin duhun dangi a Amsterdam a cikin 1980.
Rayuwar farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dolly Gustave Adolphine Wilhelmina Rüdeman an haife shi a ranar 3 Fabrairu 1902 a Salatiga,Java.[1][2]Ita ce ɗa ta biyu ga Adolf Rudeman,mai masana'antar sukari,wanda ya mutu watanni shida kafin haihuwar Dolly,da matarsa,Gerardina van Elsbroek.Bayan mutuwar Adolf Gerardina ya sake yin aure, kuma iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Batavia, a cikin Indies Gabas ta Yaren mutanen Holland.A1916 sun koma Hague.[3]Rudeman yana da 'yar'uwa daya, wadda ta yi amfani da yawancin rayuwarta a Indonesia ;sun kasance suna da ɗan ƙaramin hulɗa a lokacin girma.[3]
Rudeman ta halarci makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ta shiga Cibiyar Zane ta Hague inda ta karanta fasaha.Daga baya ta koma Hague ta Royal Academy of Art,inda,a watan Agusta 1922,ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa a zane.Wani abokin karatun Rudeman daga baya ya tuna cewa yawancin ajin"sun ci gaba da zama ba a san su ba"kuma"sun zama matan gida",yayin da Rudeman,mai shekaru 20 da haihuwa,"ta riga ta hau kan babur". Da farko,ta yi la'akari da wani aiki a cikin hotuna,amma ta yanke shawarar a kan dalilai,kamar yadda ta bayyana wasu shekaru bayan haka,cewa"ba ta da kyau,kuma yawancin mutanen Holland sunyi la'akari da shi a matsayin abin kunya na kudi don yin fenti."[3]