Gandun Daji a Najeriya
 Gandun Daji a Najeriya | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | canjin yanayi |
| Farawa | 2000 |
| Facet of (en) | Gandun daji |
| Dangi | Matsalar zaizayar ƙasa a Najeriya |
| Ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Has cause (en) |
pyrography (en) , grazing (en) , logging (en) da hydrocarbon exploration (en) |
| Yana haddasa |
soil erosion (en) , biodiversity loss (en) da desertification (en) |
Gandun Daji a Nijeriya shekara ta 2005, Najeriya na da adadi mafi yawa na deforestation a duniya bisa ga rahoton Abinci da Aikin Noma Organization ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wato (FAO). [1] Tsakanin 2000 da 2005, canje-canjen daji ya karu da 31.2% zuwa 3.12% a kowace shekara. Nijeriya tana yin asarar kashi 14% na babban dajin ta tsakanin shekarar 2002 da 2020. An share gandun daji don sare bishiyoyi, fitarwa katako, noman daji da kuma musamman tattara itacen don mai wanda har yanzu yana da matsala ga muhallai a Afirka ta Yamma.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Najeriya tana da matukar baiwar albarkatun kasa. Tana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman wurare masu tarin yawa a duniya.
Kafin zamanin 'yanci kai, an sami babban tanadi na gandun daji, kimanin kilomita murabba'in 96,518 wanda ke wakiltar 27% na duka gandun daji kuma 10% na duk yankin yanki an kiyaye shi a matsayin yanki mai kariya. 66 bisa dari na gandun daji kariya a cikin savanna yankin kasar, 20% da dama a cikin da gumi na wurare masu zafi gandun daji zones a kudancin Najeriya da kuma 4% ya kasance saboda ruwa swamps da mangoro na jihar bakin teku a kudancin kasar.
Lokacin da Najeriya ta sami 'yencin kanta a shekarar (1960) kuma ta zama kasa mai cikakken iko, ta gaji wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda takwas (8), gandun daji guda dari hudu da arba'in da biyar (445), manyan wuraren adana yanayi goma sha biyu (12) da kuma wasanni ashirin da takwas (28) daga masu kula da mulkin mallaka don kariya da kiyaye halittu masu yawa a cikin kasar.
Abin takaici, babban yankin gandun dajin da aka tanada a cikin shekaru 50 babu inda za'a samu. Wannan gadon an lalata shi sosai, an lalata wuraren da aka kare, aka kaskantar da su, aka sanya su cikin wasu filaye sakamakon karin matsin lamba na karuwar yawan jama'a A kasar.
Gidauniyar Kare Lafiya ta Najeriya (NCF) ta ba da rahoton cewa Najeriya ta yi asarar sama da kashi 96% na gandun dajin kuma yawan sare dazuzzuka ya kai kashi 11.1% a kowace shekara. Wannan matsalar da ake fama da ita na sare dazuzzuka, rarrabuwar kai da sauya filaye don amfanin gona da sauran amfani da shi ya shafi illahirin dabbobin daji a kasar.
A shekara ta 2005, 12.2% wanda yake shi ne kwatankwacin hekta 11,089,000 hectares (27,400,000 acres) aka deforested a Najeriya . Tsakanin shekarar 1990 zuwa 2000, Najeriya ta rasa matsakaicin hekta 409,700 na gandun daji duk shekara kwatankwacin matsakaicin gandun daji na shekara 2.38%. Tsakanin shekara ta 1990 da shekara ta 2005, gaba ɗaya Nijeriya ta rasa kashi 35.7% na gandun dajin, ko kuma kusan kadada 6,145,000.
Tasiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gandun daji shine tsari inda ake sare ciyayi da tare da sake dasawa lokaci daya saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki ko na zamantakewa. Lalata dazuzzuka yana da mummunar tasiri a kan mahalli dangane da zaizayar ƙasa, asarar halittu masu yawa, asarar namun daji da ƙarancin kwararowar hamada tsakanin sauran dalilai. Haka kuma sarewar daji na da tasiri a fannonin zamantakewar ƙasar, musamman game da al'amuran tattalin arziki, noma, rikici da kuma mafi mahimmanci, ingancin rayuwa . Dangane da bayanan da aka dauka sama da Shekara ta 2000 zuwa Shekara ta 2005 a Najeriya, wanda ke yankin yammacin Afirka, yana da adadi mafi girma na duniya a duniya, kasancewar ya rasa kashi 55.7% na dazuzzuka na farko. Mongabay ya bayyana gandun daji na farko azaman gandun daji ba tare da alamun alamun abubuwan da suka gabata ko ayyukan ɗan adam na yanzu ba.
Adadin dazuzzuka na shekara-shekara a Nijeriya shine 3.5%, kusan kadada 350,000-400,000 a kowace shekara. [3] ƙungiyar Abinci da Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta lissafa buƙatun gudanar da gandun daji mai ɗorewa kamar: gwargwadon albarkatun gandun daji, bambancin halittu, kiwon lafiyar gandun daji da ƙwarin gwiwa, ayyuka masu fa'ida na albarkatun gandun daji, ayyukan kariya na albarkatun gandun daji, ayyukan zamantakewar tattalin arziki da doka., manufofi da tsarin hukumomi. Yawancin bangarori na sharar a halin yanzu ba a saduwa da su kuma za su ci gaba da samun lahani idan ba a hanzarta magance su ba.
Anyi barna da yawa ga ƙasar Najeriya ta hanyar aikin sare dazuzzuka, musamman bayar da gudummawa ga mummunan yanayin hamada. Hamada ita ce mamaye sahara a doron kasa wanda a da yake da ni'ima. [4] Wani binciken da aka gudanar daga 1901 zuwa 2005 ya tattara cewa akwai karuwar zafin jiki a Najeriya na 1.1 ° C, yayin da haɓakar ƙarancin yanayin duniya ya kasance 0.74 kawai ° C. Haka kuma binciken ya gano a cikin lokaci guda cewa adadin ruwan sama a kasar ya ragu da 81mm. An lura cewa dukkanin waɗannan abubuwan a lokaci guda suna da canje-canje masu kaifi a cikin 1970s. [5]
Daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2010 a Najeriya, kusan an rage rabin adadin dajin na su, yana mai tashi daga hekta 17,234 zuwa hekta 9041. Haɗuwa da yawan sare dazuzzuka, ƙarancin yanayin zafi da raguwar ruwan sama duk suna taimakawa wajen kwararar hamada. Har ila yau, an ce hayakin da ke fitarwa daga yankewar daji ya kai kashi 87% na yawan hayakin da kasar ke fitarwa. [6]
Bambance-bambancen halittu iri daban-daban na Nijeriya da ke dauke da nau'o'in tsuntsaye Guda 864, masu shayar da dabbobi guda 285, masu rarrafe na 203, 117 na amphibians, kifaye guda 775 da nau'ikan 4,715 na manyan tsirrai suma za su kasance masu tasiri matuka sakamakon mummunar sarewar dawar. Lambobin gorilla na Kuros Riba da ba safai ba sun ragu zuwa kusan mutane Guda 300 saboda farautar 'yan karkara da kuma lalata gidajen mutane . [7] Kodayake yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar da sare bishiyoyi sun samo asali ne daga dalilai na tattalin arziki, kamar yadda kuma hakan ya haifar da matsalolin tattalin arziki da yawa a cikin kasar da ba ta da tabbas. Tare da al'amuran tattalin arziki, sare dazuzzuka ya sanya ta yadda kasa ba za ta iya samar da yawan amfanin gona wanda wani bangare ne na rayuwar mutane da yawa. Batutuwa kamar irin wannan da batun muhalli kansa sun taimaka sosai ga rikice-rikice da yawa a cikin ƙasar har ma da zartar da hukuncin kisa ga masu rajin kare muhalli, kamar su Ken Saro-Wiwa, ɗan takarar Nobel na Kyautar Zaman Lafiya.
Mafi yawan alawus na sare dazuka a Najeriya na zuwa ne daga bukatar su na itacen mai. Kashi 90% na mutanen Najeriya sun bayyana cewa sun dogara ne da kananzir a matsayin babbar hanyar samar da makamashi don girki amma saboda yana da tsada kuma galibi ba a samunsa, kashi 60% sun ce sun yi amfani da itacen mai maimakon hakan. Amfani da itacen mai don girke-girke ya fi yawa a yankunan karkara na ƙasar inda yawancin mazaunan suka fi yawa. [8] Hakanan akwai abubuwan karfafa gwiwa ga mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara wadanda ke kewaye da aikin sare dazuzzuka saboda hanya ce ta samun kudin shiga ga yawancinsu. Matsakaicinsu na tsananin talauci a kasar suna da matukar alaka da batun sare daji.
Kodayake wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar ƙasa sun karu a cikin ƙasar amma kashi 3.6% na Nijeriya ke da kariya a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan IUCN na IV. Sashin kula da gandun daji na Jiha wanda bai aiwatar da duk wasu manufofin kula da gandun daji ba ya ba da izini ga yanayin mahalli na yanzu wanda ya taimaka a kokarin rage sare dazuzzuka tun daga shekara ta 1970. [3] Ba tare da wani yunƙuri na kiyayewa ko ilimi ba, al'umma ba ta san yadda za a kula da iyakance albarkatun ƙasa ba. Anyi 'yan matakai kaɗan don kokarin rage yawan sare dazuzzuka da dakatar da sare bishiyoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba .
Lalacewar dazuzzuka a duk faɗin duniya na yin barazana ga ɗorewar mahalli amma ya yi mummunan tasiri musamman a Najeriya saboda yawan su. Lalata dazuzzuka na sanya haɗari ga dukkan fannoni na mahalli, tattalin arziki da na 'yan ƙasa na ƙasar.
Amsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk wata hanyar magance matsalar sare dazuzzuka a Najeriya dole ne ta kasance hanya ce da zata kunshi duk wani abin da ya shafi matsalar. Koyarwa ya kamata ya hada da fannonin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, ingantaccen fasaha, kula da gandun daji, samar da tattalin arziki, noma da tsaro na mazauna karkara wadanda suka dogara da kasa. Sauran hanyoyin makamashi sun hada da wutar lantarki, hasken rana da makamashin iska. Hasken rana babban zaɓi ne ga Najeriya kuma zai sami sakamako na musamman saboda yanayin wurin. Najeriya ta riga ta aiwatar da injinan sarrafa iska a wasu daga cikin jihohin ta amma yayin da aka ɗauki wannan hanyar kan ƙarin ƙarfin da za a samar da shi ta hanyar da ta dace da muhalli. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan shawarwarin an yarda da su a duniya a zaman abubuwa masu kyau zuwa hanyoyin samar da makamashi na yanzu kuma ƙungiyoyin muhalli da yawa sun ƙarfafa su. Inganta fasahar murhunan girki zai yi tasiri musamman ga Najeriya wacce a yanzu take da gidaje da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar itacen don hanyoyin girkin su. A shekara ta 2005, wasu gungun kasashe, wadanda ake kira Coalition for Rainforest Nations, kirkiro wani shiri na rage kaifin sare dazuzzuka da ke taimakawa ga hayakin CO2. An tsara shirin ne ga dukkan kasashe masu tasowa da dazuzzuka. Kasashe masu tasowa suna karɓar kuɗi bayan kammala nasarar rage fitar da hayaƙin ƙasarsu. REDD ne ya tsara irin wannan ra'ayi, Rage hayaƙi daga Sacewar daji a ciki da kuma ƙasƙantar da dazuzzuka a Countasashe masu tasowa . A cikin REDD ƙasashe suna iya karɓar kuɗi da yawa ta hanyar kuɗin ƙira na carbon wanda za'a iya kashe shi akan ƙarin amintaccen muhalli.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli a yankin Niger Delta
- Rikicin zaizayar Najeriya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ News.mongabay.com
- ↑ "Forests in Nigera". Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Kwafin ajiya" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
- ↑ Omofonmwan, S. I., and G. I. Osa-Edoh. "The Challenges of Environmental Problems in Nigeria." Journal of Human Ecology 23.1 (2008): 53-57.
- ↑ Odjugo, Peter A. "General Overview of Climate Change Impacts in Nigeria." Journal of Human Ecology 29.1 (2010): 47-55. EBSCO.
- ↑ Akinbami, J. "An Integrated Strategy for Sustainable Forest–energy–environment Interactions in Nigeria." Journal of Environmental Management 69.2 (2003): 115-28. Science Direct
- ↑ http://news.mongabay.com/2007/1205-gorillas.html
- ↑ Akinbami, J. "An Integrated Strategy for Sustainable Forest–energy–environment Interactions in Nigeria." Journal of Environmental Management 69.2 (2003): 115-28. Science Direct.