Gidauniyar Dokar Karewa
 Conservation Law Foundation | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Gajeren suna | CLF |
| Iri |
environmental organization (en)  da nonprofit organization (en) |
| Masana'anta |
environment (en) |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mulki | |
| Shugaba |
John Kassel (en) |
| Hedkwata | Boston |
| Tsari a hukumance |
501(c)(3) organization (en) |
| Financial data | |
| Budget (en) | FY2020: $15.7m in grants, donations, & earned income |
| Haraji | 11,343,652 $ (2017) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1966 |
| clf.org | |
Gidauniyar Dokar Karewa (CLF) kungiya ce ta kare muhalli dake zaune a New England, Amurka. Tun daga shekara ta 1966, aikin CLF shine yabada shawara ga yanayin New England da al'ummominta. Ayyukan bayarda shawarwari na CLF suna faruwa a cikin shirye-shiryen guda biyar: Tsabtace Makamashi & Canjin yanayi, Tsabtacen iska & Ruwa, Tekun Lafiya, Mutane & Adalci, da Al'ummomin Lafiya. Sanarwar manufa ta CLF itace "amfani da doka, kimiyya, da kasuwa don ƙirƙirar mafita waɗanda ke adana albarkatun ƙasa, gina al'ummomi masu lafiya, da kuma cigaba da tattalin arziki mai ƙarfi. " CLF tana mai da hankali kan inganta makamashi mai sabuntawa da yaki da gurɓataccen iska da ruwa; gina al'ummar kamun kifi masu ɗorewa da kare mazaunin ruwa; inganta zirga-zirgar jama'a da kare lafiyar jama'a; cimma Adalci na muhalli; da kuma ciwon lafiya mai ƙarfi, adalci mai adalci.
Gidauniyar Dokar Karewa kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, mai tallafawa memba tare da ofisoshi a Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island da Vermont.
Tsarin da burin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tare da ofisoshi a kowace jiha ta New England, CLF tana aiki don magance matsalolin muhalli waɗanda ke tasiri ga al'ummomin yankin. Shirye-shiryen CLF na bayar da shawarwari suna mai da hankali kan fannonin doka, manufofin jama'a, da kimiyya. CLF duka suna kare manufofin muhalli ta hanyar shari'a da korafe-korafe kuma suna kirkirarta ta hanyar doka da kuma bayarda shawarwari.[1]
A sakamakon haka, CLF tana aiki don kawo damuwa game da muhalli ga masu tsara dokoki da masu tsara manufofi, kuma suna aiki a matsayin hanya don sadarwa da waɗannan damuwa a duk yankin.
Abubuwan da aka samu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa shi a cikin 1966 don dakatar da cigaban gangaren kankara a kan mafi girman tudun Massachusetts, Dutsen Greylock, CLF tun daga lokacin ya fadada shawararta don magance matsalolin muhalli da al'umma a cikin jihohin New England guda shida.
Tallafin muhalli na gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1977, kungiyar ta samu nasarar yaki da shirye-shiryen fadadawa don babbar hanyar tarayya ta hanyar Franconia Notch a White Mountains na New Hampshire. Tun daga wannan lokacin, shawarwarin shari'a na CLF sun mayar da hankali kan shari'o'in albarkatun kasa da yawa, gami da tsaftace Lake Champlain, rigakafin kifi na ƙasa - cod, haddock, da flounder - daga bakin tekun New England (wanda ya haifar da sulhu da ke buƙatar Hukumar Kifi ta Kasa don samar da shirin gudanarwa don kawar da yawan kifi), da kariya ga mazaunin baƙar fata na Vermont (ta hanyar samun nasarar tarayya a cikin yankin Yammacin Yankin Yunin Yankin Yankunan Yankin Yaren Yankin Yunkurin Yankin Yaran Yankin Yaduwar Yankin Yanuwar Yankin
Tsabtace tashar jiragen ruwa ta Boston
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1983, CLF ta kai karar Hukumar Gundumar Massachusetts (sashi na gwamnatin jihar Massachusetts) da Hukumar Kare Muhalli don tsaftace Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Boston, wacce ta lalata ingancin ruwa sosai. Sakamakon wannan da sauran shari'o'i, gami da na Birnin Quincy, shine ya tilasta wa jihar tabi dokokin muhalli na tarayya da kuma gina wuraren da suka dace don magance datti da aka fitar a cikin Boston Harbor, da kuma kafa hanyoyin gwamnati masu aiki don tallafawa sabbin wuraren da kuma biyan kuɗin cigaba da ayyukansu. Kafawar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Massachusetts (MWRA), ta karɓi kadarorin wuraren ruwa, ayyukan, da ikon shari'a da hukumar Gundumar Metropolitan ta riƙe a baya, ɗaya ne daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na shari'ar. Yaƙin shari'a ya fi tsanani daga 1983 zuwa shekarun 1990.[2]
Tallafin al'umma da sufuri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]CLF tabada shawarar kara yawan layin dogo mai sauƙi da zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri na jama'a a Boston, New Hampshire, da Maine. A cikin sasantawa na farko tare da CLF, jami'an babbar hanyar jihar a Massachusetts sun amince da aiwatar da matakan rage gurɓataccen iska, gami da ingantaccen jirgin ƙasa da sufuri, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Boston na Tsakiya (wanda aka fi sani da Big Dig). [3]
Bugu da ƙari, CLF ta bada shawarar dokokin jihar don kare yara daga barazanar guba. A shekara ta 1988, bayan kamfen na shekaru uku da CLF ta yi, Massachusetts ta zartar da dokar da tafi tsananin kasa don kare 'yan ƙasa, musamman yara, daga guba. Kwanan nan, CLF ta ci gaba da aikinta don hana guba a cikin yara ta hanyar ba da shawara ga takardun kudi a New Hampshire da Vermont [4] waɗanda ke buƙatar gwajin tushen ruwan sha na makaranta.
Abin tunawa na farko na ruwa a cikin Tekun Atlantika
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]CLF da abokan hulɗarta sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sanya abin tunawa na farko na teku a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Shugaba Barack Obama ya sanya Arewa maso Gabas Canyons da Seamounts Marine National Monument a watan Satumbar 2016. [5] Abin tunawa, wanda ke kan Bankin Georges, ya haɗa da duwatsu huɗu na karkashin ruwa da kuma koguna uku masu zurfi. Yana kare al'ummomin coral na dā da masu rauni, whales masu haɗari, da kuma yawan rayuwar ruwa ta musamman da ba'a saba gani ba, wasu ba'a samu a wani wuri a duniya.
Canjin yanayi da kuma bayar da shawarwari na makamashi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da CLF ke mayar da hankali a kwanan nan shine tura jihohi su saka hannun jari a cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi masu tsabta don rage canjin yanayi. A shekara ta 1983, CLF ta dauki yabo ga shawarar da Kamfanin Sabis na Jama'a na New Hampshire, kamfanin lantarki mafi girma a jihar, ya watsar da shirye-shiryensa na na'urar nukiliya ta biyu a Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Seabrook bayan shaidar CLF ta nuna cewa gina wurin ba zai zama da ma'anar kudi ba.
Daga baya, a cikin shekara ta 2003, CLF ta yi ikirarin nasara lokacin da Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Massachusetts ta kammala jadawalin dake buƙatar tashar wutar lantarki ta Salem Harbor da Brayton Point don rage hayaki mai cutarwa sosai kuma su bi ka'idojin "Rashin Biyar". Dukkanin shuke-shuke sun rufe ayyukansu tun daga lokacin.
Kwanan nan, CLF ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a jihohi da yawa dake bada dokoki masu karfi na yanayi, wanda aka sani da Ayyukan Maganin Warming na Duniya. CLF kuma ta shiga tsakani don taimakawa garin Burrillville, Rhode Island, hana gina babban tashar wutar lantarki ta gas / mai - wanda zai gurɓata yankin kuma ya bada gudummawa ga canjin yanayi - daga gina shi a cikin al'umma.[6]
Ayyukan kwanan nan da na yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samun damar jama'a na Boston Harbor da juriya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da yake tsaftace tashar jiragen ruwa ta Boston ta kasance nasara, a yau, tana fuskantar sabbin barazanar, gami da hauhawar matakin teku da kokarin wasu masu zaman kansu na hana jama'a samun damar zuwa abin da ake kira tashar jiragen ruwan jama'a. CLF tana aiki don kare haƙƙin doka na jama'a don samun damar tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma tabbatar da cewa an sanya yankin mai jurewa a fuskar tasirin yanayi mai tsanani.[7]
Bayanan yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayyanawa ta InsideClimate News [8] da Los Angeles Times [9] sun tabbatar da cewa babbar mai ExxonMobil ta san tun daga ƙarshen 1970s cewa canjin yanayi wanda ayyukan ɗan adam suka haifar zai zama mai lalacewa idan an bar shi ba tare da an sarrafa shi ba. CLF ta bincika yadda wannan ya shafi al'ummomin New England. Binciken da yayi ya nuna cewa, duk da sanin cewa canjin yanayi zai iya haifar da cutar, ExxonMobil ya bar wuraren ajiyar mai a Everett, Massachusetts, da sauran wurare masu saukin ambaliyar ruwa daga hadari da hawan teku.
CLF ta kaddamar da matakin shari'a na farko na Amurka a kan Exxon saboda yaudarar yanayi da kuma keta dokar tsabtace ruwa a wurin ajiyar mai a Everett, wanda ke zaune a kan Kogin Mystic.[10] A cikin 2023, CLF ta zauna tare da Exxon. Sharuɗɗan sulhu sun haɗa da ƙuntatawa don hana sake amfani da dukiyar azaman ajiyar man fetur.[11] CLF ta kuma bi irin waɗannan shari'o'in da akayi wa Shell Oil, Gulf Oil, da sauransu a wasu birane a New England.
Dokokin yanayi na matakin jiha
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]CLF ta yi aiki tare da abokan hulɗa a kowace jiha ta New England don zartar da dokoki masu ɗaurewa waɗanda ke buƙatar raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin hayaki mai lalata yanayi nan da shekara ta 2050. Masana kimiyya na yanayi sun yarda cewa, a duniya, dole ne kasashe su rage fitar da iskar gas a cikin shekaru 10 don kauce wa Canjin yanayi mai ban tsoro. Tare da matakin yanayi na tarayya, CLF da abokan hulɗarta sun sami nasarar tura gwamnatocin jihohi a Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, da Connecticut don zartar da dokokin yanayi masu ɗaurewa - ko sabunta dokokin dake akwai - don tabbatar da lissafi a cikin saduwa da manufofin fitarwa, tare da burin cimma fitar da iska a New England ta hanyar 2050.[12]
Shirin Kashewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar CLF, wuraren zubar da shara da masu cinye sharar gida suna da haɗari kuma ba za a iya jurewa ba. Al'ummomin Adalci na muhalli (EJ) suna jin tasirin su sosai, waɗanda ke karɓar bakuncin adadin waɗannan wuraren idan aka kwatanta da al'ummomin da suka fi arziki. Ta hanyar Zero Waste Project, CLF tana wayar da kan jama'a game da mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya da muhalli na sharar gida da kuma tura hanyoyin ci gaba don rage sharar gida. Daga cikin sauran nasarorin, CLF da abokan hulɗa sun sami nasarar tura majalisar dokokin Maine don zartar da lissafin farko na "Ƙarin Mai Fitarwa" a cikin ƙasar a cikin 2021.[13]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "About". Conservation Law Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ Valencia, Milton J. (August 6, 2016). "After 30 years, court marks Boston harbor cleanup". BostonGlobe.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ Flint, Anthony (December 29, 2015). "10 years later, did the Big Dig deliver?". BostonGlobe.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "Vermont Senate Passes Lead in Schools and Child Care Centers Bill". Conservation Law Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ Andersen, Travis (September 15, 2016). "Obama grants federal protection to section of Atlantic". BostonGlobe.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "Rhode Island siting board rejects Invenergy's 900 MW gas plant". Utility Dive (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "The People's Harbor". Conservation Law Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ Banerjee, Neela; Song, Lisa; Hasemyer, David (2015-09-16). "Exxon's Own Research Confirmed Fossil Fuels' Role in Global Warming Decades Ago". Inside Climate News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ Jerving, Sara; Jennings, Katie; Hirsch, Masako Melissa; Rust, Susanne (October 9, 2015). "What Exxon knew about the Earth's melting Arctic". graphics.latimes.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "Living on Earth: Exxon Sued Over Climate Risks of Storage". Living on Earth (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ Chesto, Jon. "Davis Cos. completes $72.5 million acquisition of nearly 100-acre Exxon tank farm in Everett". BostonGlobe.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-03-08.
- ↑ "Zero by 2050". Conservation Law Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "Governor Mills Signs Critical Waste Bill". Conservation Law Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-01.
