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Gwagwarmayar Senegal

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Gwagwarmayar Senegal
combat sport (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na wrestling (en) Fassara
Wasa wrestling (en) Fassara
Mame Balla vs. Pape Mor Lô, Paris-Bercy, 2013
Wasan kokawa na Senegal a filin wasa na Demba Diop a Dakar

Kokawar Senegal ( Njom Gidajan sayarwa A Serer, Lutte sénégalaise ko kuma kawai Lutte avec frappe in Faransanci, Laambin Wolof, Siɲɛta a Bambara ) wani nau'i ne na kokawa ta al'ada da mutanen Serer suka saba yi kuma yanzu wasa ne na kasa a Senegal da wasu sassan Gambia, [1] kuma wani bangare ne na babban nau'i na kokawa na gargajiya na yammacin Afirka (fr. Lutte Traditionnelle ). Siffar Senegal ta al'ada tana ba da damar busawa da hannuwa ( frappe ), ɗayan al'adun Yammacin Afirka don yin hakan. A matsayin babbar ƙungiya da zakara a kusa da Lutte Traditionnelle ta haɓaka tun cikin 1990s, mayakan Senegal yanzu suna aiwatar da nau'ikan biyun, wanda ake kira Lutte Traditionnelle sans frappe a hukumance. (don sigar ƙasa da ƙasa) da Lutte Traditionnelle avec frappe ga sigar mai ban mamaki.

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ya samo asali ne daga al'adar kokawa ta mutanen Serer - a matsayin wani shiri na shirye-shiryen yaki tsakanin azuzuwan mayaƙa dangane da dabara. A al'adar Serer, an raba kokawa zuwa dabaru daban-daban tare da mbapate yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. Har ila yau, bikin ƙaddamarwa ne a tsakanin Serers, kalmar Njom ya samo asali ne daga ka'idar Serer na Jom (daga addinin Serer ), ma'ana zuciya ko daraja a cikin harshen Serer . [2] Ƙa'idar Jom ta ƙunshi ɗimbin dabi'u da imani waɗanda suka haɗa da dabi'u na tattalin arziki, muhalli, na sirri da na zamantakewa. Kokawa ta samo asali ne daga reshen dabi'un mutum na ka'idar Jom. Daya daga cikin tsoffin 'yan kokawa da aka yi rikodin su a Senegal a yau shine Boukar Djilak Faye (wani Serer) wanda ya rayu a karni na 14 a cikin Masarautar Sine . Shi ne kakan daular Faye na Sine da Saloum (duka Masarautu a Senegal ta yau). [3] Kallon kokawa na njom yawanci yana tare da kim njom - waƙoƙin da matasan Serer suka yi don bayyana kyautarsu ta "waka" ( ciid a Serer [4] ). Kalmar Wolof don kokawa, Laamb , ya samo daga harshen Serer Fara-Lamb Siin ( Fara na asalin Mandinka alhalin Lamb daga asalin Serer) babban griot wanda ya kasance yana bugun tam-tam na Sine da ake kira Ɗan Rago ko Lamba a Serer. Ragon dai wani bangare ne na rakiyar kidan kokawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan Senegal ta samu ‘yancin kai. Har ila yau, wani ɓangare ne na al'adar Njuup (wani mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Serer repertoire, zuriyar Mbalax [5] [6] ).

Wasan ya ƙetare ƙabilu, wasan yana jin daɗin matsayin wasanni na ƙasa. [7] A al’adance, suma samari sun kasance suna fada a matsayin shagaltuwa, suna zawarcin matan aure, suna tabbatar da mazajensu, suna kawo martaba ga kauyukansu. Galibi kowane dan kokawa (wanda ake kira mbër) yayi bakk kafin a fara fada.

Gabaɗaya, bakk (wanda kuma ana iya rubuta shi da baku, bakku, bakkous) wasan fasaha ne na baka wanda ake amfani da shi don alfahari da kansa don sanya tsoro ko girmamawa ga masu sauraro ko abokan hamayya. [8] Ba a yi amfani da Bàkk a fagen kokawa kawai ba amma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin jawaban siyasa ko wasu gamuwa da wani wanda ke ganin ya kamata ya yi alfahari game da nasarorin da ya samu don a yaba masa. <rBa wai kawai ana yin fahariya ba, har ma ana iya amfani da ita don girmama manyan mutane. Ayyukan bakk na iya kasancewa cikin labari, waƙoƙin yabo, ko waƙa. Ana amfani da Bàkk don dacewa da kasancewar ɗan kokawa ta hanyar ƙara kyawun fasaha da wayo na magana. 'Yan kokawa na Wolof suna amfani da bàakk don gabatar da kansu a matsayin na kwarai da ban sha'awa

Aikin baka na bakak, wanda 'yan kokawa na Senegal ke amfani da shi, yana da tarihinsa a cikin griots . A tarihi, Wolof griots da griottes mawaka ne da aka dora wa alhakin ba da yabo na jarumai da jarumai waɗanda suka shawo kan wahalhalu. [9] An yi amfani da Griots wajen rera waƙoƙin yabo ga sarakuna, ƴan kokawa, da manyan baki baki ɗaya. Griots yawanci sun fito ne daga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kuma aikin su na rera yabo ya kasance na musamman. Za su raka ’yan kokawa, waɗanda yawanci sukan zo daga manyan ƙungiyoyi zuwa fage. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta na zamani, 'yan kokawa na Wolof yanzu za su rera nasu yabo, wanda ke kalubalantar al'adar al'umma na yabo kawai da griots. [9]

A cikin shekarun 1980 dan kokawa dan kasar Senegal Mame Gorgui (wanda ake kira "Darling Child of Dakar") ya yi wani gagarumin bakk, wanda ya sanya shi shahara a tsakanin mutanen Senegal. [9] Wannan sanannen bakk ya sha maimaitawa da yara a Senegal kuma suna rera waka a gidan rediyon kasa a karshen mako inda ake gwabzawa. [9]

A yau bàkk ya shahara sosai a cikin ƙasar a matsayin alamar ƙarfin motsa jiki da ƙarfin motsa jiki na maza. [10] A halin yanzu, masu haɓaka kasuwanci ne ke shirya kokawa waɗanda ke ba da kyaututtuka ga waɗanda suka yi nasara. Filin wasan kokawa mai daukar mutane 20,000 Arene de Lutte da ke Dakar shi ne filin wasan kokawa mafi girma a Senegal. [11]

Shahararriyar kokawa ta Senegal ta karu cewa manyan, mafi shahara, 'yan kokawa sun sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin. [12] Amma, duk da samun karbuwar kudaden da ake samu daga hadaddiyar fasahar fadace-fadace (MMA), kokawa ta Senegal ta fuskanci barazanar kawar da manyan taurarin su ta hanyar neman kudi masu yawa. [13]

Manufar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gwarzon kokawa Yékini (Yakhya Diop)

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin shine jefa abokin hamayyar ƙasa ta hanyar ɗaga shi sama da sama, yawanci a waje da wani yanki.

Horowa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dan wasan "zakin karya" ( simb ) wanda ke halartar bikin kafin ashana

'Yan wasan kokawa na Senegal suna horarwa sosai kuma suna iya yin wasan motsa jiki da motsa jiki daban-daban a tsawon yini don haɓaka ƙarfinsu. Duk da haka, yayin da suka yi imani da ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci, sun kuma yi imanin cewa akwai wani nau'i na sa'a a cikin wanda ya yi nasara kuma yana iya yin al'ada kafin wasa don ƙara damar su. Yawanci ga 'yan kokawa na Senegal shine shafa ƙafa a kan dutse ko shafa kansu da man shafawa ko mai don ƙara "sa'a".

'Yan wasan kokawa na kasar Senegal, musamman matasa, na kokawa da barin makaranta, suma suna kokawa, lamarin da ya sa fitattun mutane a fagen wasan suka tofa albarkacin bakinsu kan lamarin, inda suka ce iliminsu ya fi muhimmanci. [14]

Mai jarida

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Afrilun 2008 wani shirin bidiyo na BBC mai suna Last Man Standing ya ba da labarin rayuwar gungun 'yan Burtaniya da Amurkawa a wani sansanin takalma a Senegal wadanda suka fafata da 'yan adawar Senegal. [15] Laamb An nuna shi a cikin fim ɗin L'Appel des arènes na 2005 (Lakabin Turanci Grounds Wrestling ). Documentary Laamb wanda Kristoffer Hegnsvad ya jagoranta ya bi matasan kokawa a Dakar a lokacin wata babbar gasa, Jørgen Leth ne ya ba da labarin fim ɗin kuma aka fara shi a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Copenhagen - CPH: DOX a cikin 2013. [16]

Etymology

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Laamb kalmar Wolof ce ta kokawa, wacce aka aro daga Serer Fara-Lamb Siin . Kalmar Serer don kokawa ita ce njom, wanda ya samo asali daga kalmar Serer jom ( zuciya ko daraja ). [17] [18]

Zakarun Turai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga shekarun 1950, kokawa ta Senegal, kamar sauran takwarorinta na sauran yankunan yammacin Afirka, ta zama babban abin kallo na wasanni da al'adu . Zakaran gasar kokawa ta gargajiya sune fitattun mutane a Senegal, tare da mayaka irin su Balla Gaye 2, Yékini (Yakhya Diop), Tyson (Mohamed Ndao), da Bombardier (Serigne Ousmane Dia) da aka fi sani. Pathe Mbeurou Askanewi Boye, wanda aka fi sani da Big Pato, shi ne dan wasan kokawa na farko a Senegal wanda kuma dan sanda ne.

filayen wasan kokawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Filin kokawa na kasa da ke Pikine shi ne filin wasan kokawa mafi girma a Senegal. Yana da damar 20,000. An shafe watanni 28 ana gina filin wasan. [19]

Filin wasa Iyawa Garin
Filin Kokawar Kasa 20,000 Pikine

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Senegal: Wrestling with Reality". Retrieved 2019-07-10 – via Aljazeera World.
  2. ↑ Gravrand, Henry, La Civilisation Sereer, Pangool. Les Nouvelles Edition Africaines. 1990, p 40
  3. ↑ Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine." Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, p 4(p 706), (1972)
  4. ↑ Ciid means poetry in Serer, it can also mean the reincarnated or the dead who seek to reincarnate in Serer religion. Two chapters are devoted to this by Faye see:
  5. ↑ "Nelson Mandela: Latter day saint - Prospect Magazine". Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  6. ↑ "Youssou N'Dour: An Unlikely Politician". Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "The Official Home Page of the Republic of Sénégal". Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  8. ↑ name="ReferenceA">Babacar m'Baye (2013). "Verbal and Acrobatic Strategies in Senegalese Wolof Wrestling". Storytelling, Self, Society (in Turanci). 9 (2): 188–216. doi:10.13110/storselfsoci.9.2.0188. JSTOR 10.13110/storselfsoci.9.2.0188.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Babacar m'Baye (2013). "Verbal and Acrobatic Strategies in Senegalese Wolof Wrestling". Storytelling, Self, Society (in Turanci). 9 (2): 188–216. doi:10.13110/storselfsoci.9.2.0188. JSTOR 10.13110/storselfsoci.9.2.0188.Babacar m'Baye (2013). "Verbal and Acrobatic Strategies in Senegalese Wolof Wrestling". Storytelling, Self, Society. 9 (2): 188–216. doi:10.13110/storselfsoci.9.2.0188. JSTOR 10.13110/storselfsoci.9.2.0188.
  10. ↑ "Rambax catches the rhythm of wrestling". MIT News. 13 April 2005. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  11. ↑ "Modern wrestling arena to revive Senegal's time-honoured sport | Africanism". March 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  12. ↑ name="Blaine Henry">Blaine Henry (May 12, 2021). "Big Pato: Senegalese Wrestling and Senegalese Youth". Fight-Library.com.
  13. ↑ Meshack Keicha (April 15, 2023). "Senegalese Wrestling Under Threat From MMA". Boxscore World Sportswire. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2024.
  14. ↑ Blaine Henry (May 12, 2021). "Big Pato: Senegalese Wrestling and Senegalese Youth". Fight-Library.com.Blaine Henry (May 12, 2021). "Big Pato: Senegalese Wrestling and Senegalese Youth". Fight-Library.com.
  15. ↑ "www.bbc.co.uk". Archived from the original on 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  16. ↑ "Laamb". www.dfi.dk (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  17. ↑ Gravrand, Henry : "L’HERITAGE SPIRITUEL SEREER : VALEUR TRADITIONNELLE D’HIER, D’AUJOURD’HUI ET DE DEMAIN" [in] Ethiopiques, numéro 31, révue socialiste de culture négro-africaine, 3e trimestre 1982
  18. ↑ "Glbal timoto (video) and snippits". Archived from the original on 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
  19. ↑ https://www.africanews.com/amp/2018/07/23/national-wrestling-arena-opens-in-dakar/
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