Yaren Serer
Serer, sau da yawa ya rabu zuwa yarukan yanki daban-daban kamar Serer-Sine da Serer saloum, yare ne na reshen Senegambian na dangin Nijar-Congo wanda mutane miliyan 1.2 ke magana a Senegal da 30,000 a Gambiya tun daga shekara ta 2009. [1] Ita ce babbar yaren Mutanen Serer, kuma ita ce yaren masarautun zamani na farko na Sine, Saloum, da Ba'ol.
Rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Serer yana daya daga cikin Harsunan Senegambian, waɗanda ke da halayen maye gurbi. Rarrabawar gargajiya [2] Harsunan Atlantic shine na Sapir (1971), wanda ya gano cewa Serer ya fi kusa da Fulani. Koyaya, kuskuren da aka ambata a ko'ina game da bayanan da Wilson (1989) ya musanya Serer ga Wolof ba tare da saninsa ba.Harsunan Serer sune Serer Sine (harshen mai daraja), Segum, Fadyut-Palmerin, Dyegueme (Gyegem), da Niominka . Suna iya fahimtar juna sai dai Sereer da ake magana a wasu yankunan da ke kewaye da birnin Thiès.
Fasahar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautunan ba su da murya sune sautunan da suka saba da su.
Sautin sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| A gaba | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i iː | u uː |
| Tsakanin | eːda kuma | o oː |
| Bude | a aː | |
Tsarin rubuce-rubuce[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Serer a yau an rubuta shi da farko a cikin haruffa na Latin. An daidaita haruffa na Latin a cikin dokoki daban-daban na gwamnati, wanda aka bayar da sabon a shekara ta 2005. [3]
Koyaya, a tarihi, kama da Harshen Wolof, tsarin rubuce-rubucensa na farko shine daidaita rubutun Larabci. Ana amfani da rubutun Larabci a yau, duk da cewa a cikin karami, kuma galibi an iyakance shi ga malamai da ɗaliban makarantar Islama. ila yau, gwamnati ta kafa rubutun Serer na Larabci, tsakanin 1985 da 1990, kodayake ba a taɓa karɓar doka ba, saboda ƙoƙarin da ma'aikatar ilimi ta Senegal ta yi ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin daidaita ƙasashe da yawa. Ana kiran rubutun "Serer Ajami script" (A cikin Serer: ajami seereer, اَجَمِ سـير)
Harshen Serer Latin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Harshen Serer Latin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | Ɓara | C | Sanya | D | Ɗa | E | F | G | H | Na | J | Jʼ | K | L | M | N | Ñ | Ŋ | O | P | Sanya | Q | R | S | T | Sanya | U | W | X | Y | Tun da haka | ʼ |
| a | b | ɓ | c | Sanya | d | ɗ | da kuma | f | g | h | i | j | ʃ | k | l | m | n | ñ | ŋ | o | p | Sanya | q | r | s | t | Jiki | u | w | x | da kuma | Yana da ƙira | ʼ |
| Serer Ajami Rubutun Daidai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rubuce-rubuce | ب | Sanya | Sanya | Sanya | د | ط | Sanya / Sanya | ف | G | HI | Sanya / Sanya | ج | Sanya | Ka | L. | watan Mayu | ba haka ba | Sanya | Sanya | Sanya / Sanya | Sanya | Sanya | ق | Ruwa | س. | Tuna | Sanya | Yanayi / Yanayi | da kuma | خ | ي | Ya kasance a lokacin | ع |
| Darajar IPA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | ɓ | c | An yi amfani da shi a matsayin | d | ɗ | da kuma | f | ɡ | h | i | ɟ | Sanya | k | l | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | o | p | An yi amfani da shi | q | r | s | t | Ya ce: | u | w | x | j | Sanya | ʔ |
Rubutun Serer Ajami[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai haruffa 29 a cikin rubutun Serer Ajami. Jerin [4] ya haɗa da ƙayyadaddun da ake amfani da su kawai a cikin kalmomin aro na Larabci kuma ba sa faruwa a cikin kalmomin Serer, kuma ba ya haɗa digraphs da aka yi amfani da su don nuna ƙayyadadden ƙayyadamuran da aka yi.
- ↑ Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, Ethnologue.com. Figures for (2006) The Gambia only.
- ↑ Sapir, David, 1971. "West Atlantic: an inventory of the languages, their noun-class systems and consonant alternation". In Sebeok, ed, Current trends in linguistics, 7: linguistics in sub-Saharan Africa. Mouton, 45–112
- ↑ Gouvernement du Sénégal, Décret N° 2005-990 du 21 octobre 2005.
- ↑ Andaam a ajami seereer - Ndax o jang too bind a seereer na pindooƭ a araab / Alphabétisation - Cours pour apprendre à lire et à écrire le sérère en caractères arabes (5 July, 2014) Link (Archive)