Hamilcar I na Carthage

Hamilcar I (Punic: 𐤇𐤌𐤋𐤊, ḤMLK)[1] was a Magonid king of Carthage in present-day Tunisia from 510 to 480 BC.

Hamilcar I na Carthage
monarch of Carthage (en) 510 "BCE" - 490 "BCE" ← Hasdrubal I of Carthage (en) - Hanno the Navigator (en) →
Rayuwa
ƙasa	Tsohon Carthage
Mutuwa	Himera (en) , 480 "BCE"
Yanayin mutuwa	death in battle (en)  (killed in action (en) )
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Hanno
Yara	view Gisgó (en) Hanno (en)
Yare	Magonids (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ruler (en)
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Battle of Himera (en)

Mulki

Yarjejeniyar da Rome

Carthage ya kammala yarjejeniya tare da jihohi da yawa, musamman tare da Roma . An sanya hannu a cikin 509 BC, yarjejeniyar ta tsara rabon tasiri da ayyukan kasuwanci. Wannan yarjejeniya ita ce tushe na farko da aka sani da ke nuna cewa Carthage ya sami iko a kan Sicily da Sardinia, da Emporia da yankin kudancin Cape Bon a Afirka. Wataƙila Carthage ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Roma, sannan ruwa maras muhimmanci, domin Romawa sun yi yarjejeniya da Phocaeans da Cumae, waɗanda ke taimaka wa yaƙin Romawa da Etruscans a lokacin. Carthage yana da irin wannan yarjejeniya tare da Etruscan, Punic da garuruwan Girka a Sicily.

A ƙarshen karni na 6 BC, Carthage ya ci yawancin tsoffin yankunan Phoenician misali Hadrumetum, Utica da Kerkouane, ya mamaye wasu kabilun Libya, kuma ya mallaki sassan arewacin Afirka daga Maroko na zamani zuwa kan iyakokin Cyrenaica . Har ila yau tana yaƙe-yaƙe don kare yankunan Punic da kasuwancinta. Duk da haka, kawai cikakkun bayanai game da gwagwarmayar da ta yi da Girkawa sun tsira, wanda ya haifar da tunanin cewa Carthage ya zama "ya damu da Sicily".

Yakin Sicilian na Farko

Tsibirin Sicily, wanda ke kwance a ƙofar Carthage, ya zama filin wasa wanda wannan rikici ya kasance. Tun daga farkonsu, duka Girkawa da Phoenicians sun sami sha'awar babban tsibirin, suna kafa ɗimbin yankuna da wuraren kasuwanci a bakin tekun. An yi ƙananan yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin waɗannan ƙauyuka shekaru da yawa. Carthage dole ne ya mayar da martani ga akalla uku kutse na Girka, a cikin 580 BC, a cikin 510 BC (wanda ya shafi Dorieus Spartan, ɗan'uwan Cleomenes I ) kuma, a cewar Diodorus Siculus, yaƙin da aka lalata birnin Heraclea Minoa .

Yankin Punic a Sicily ta 500 BC ya ƙunshi biranen Motya, Panormus da Solutum . A shekara ta 490 BC, Carthage ya kulla yarjejeniya da garuruwan Selinus, Himera, da Zankle a Sicily. Gelo, azzalumi na Syracuse na Girka, wanda wani bangare ya goyi bayan goyon baya daga wasu biranen Girka, yana ƙoƙari ya haɗa tsibirin a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa tun shekara ta 485 BC. Lokacin da Theron na Akragas, surukin Gelo, ya kori azzalumi na Himera a shekara ta 483 BC, Carthage ya yanke shawarar shiga tsakani bisa yunƙurin azzalumi na Rhegion, wanda shi ne surukin da aka tsige azzalumi na Himera.

Hamilcar ya shirya balaguro mafi girma na Punic zuwa ƙasashen waje zuwa yau da kuma bayan shekaru uku na shirye-shirye, ya tashi zuwa Sicily. Wannan kamfani ya zo daidai da balaguron da Xerxes ya yi a ƙasar Girka a cikin 480 BC, wanda ya haifar da hasashe game da yuwuwar kawance tsakanin Carthage da Farisa a kan Helenawa, ko da yake babu tabbataccen shaidar hakan. Guguwa a kan hanya ta yi galaba a kan rundunar ta Punic, sannan aka lalata sojojin Punic sannan aka kashe Hamilcar a yakin Himera da hadin gwiwar sojojin Himera, Akragas da Syracuse a karkashin Gelo. Carthage ya yi sulhu tare da Helenawa kuma ya biya babban lamuni na 2000 na azurfa, amma bai rasa wani yanki a Sicily ba.

Raunan sarakuna

Wannan shan kashi yana da sakamako mai nisa, na siyasa da tattalin arziki, ga Carthage. A siyasance, an kori tsohuwar gwamnati ta masu rike da madafun iko, aka maye gurbinsu da Jamhuriyar Carthaginian. Har yanzu ana zaben sarakuna, amma karfinsu ya fara lalacewa, inda majalisar dattawa da "Tribunal of 104" suka sami rinjaye a harkokin siyasa, kuma matsayin Suffet ya zama mafi tasiri. Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, cinikin teku tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya ya katse ta hanyar Helenawa na babban yankin kuma Magna Graecia ta kauracewa 'yan kasuwar Carthaginian. Wannan ya haifar da bunkasuwar ciniki da kasashen yammaci da kuma cinikin ayari da gabas. Gisco, ɗan Hamilcar ya yi gudun hijira, kuma Carthage na shekaru 70 na gaba bai yi wani rikodin rikodi a kan Helenawa ba kuma bai taimaka ko dai Elymians / Sicels ko Etruscans (sa'an nan kuma ya kulle cikin gwagwarmaya da Helenawa) ko aika wani taimako ga abokan gaba na Girka. Syracuse, sannan babban birnin Girka a Sicily. Dangane da wannan rashi daga al'amuran Girka, an nuna cewa Carthage ya gurgunce ta hanyar soja na ɗan lokaci bayan shan kaye a Himera.

Duba kuma

• Sauran Hamilcars a cikin tarihin Carthaginian

Manazarta

Littafi Mai Tsarki

•  . (in German)