Romawa na Da
 Romawa na Da | |||||
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| Wuri | |||||
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| Babban birni |
Roma (en)  | ||||
| Yawan mutane | |||||
| Faɗi | 50,000,000 (2 century) | ||||
| Labarin ƙasa | |||||
| Bangare na |
Roman civilization (en) | ||||
| Sun raba iyaka da |
Persian Empire (en)
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| Bayanan tarihi | |||||
| Ƙirƙira |
<abbr title="Disputed (en) ">d. 753 "BCE" | ||||
| Rushewa | 476 | ||||
| Ta biyo baya |
Medieval Rome (en) | ||||
| Ranakun huta | |||||
Romawa na Da; shine sunan wayewa a Italiya. Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramar al'umma mai noma a cikin ƙarni na 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
Ya kuma zama birni kuma ya karɓi sunan Roma daga wanda ya kafa ta Romulus. Ya girma ya zama babbar daula a tsohuwar duniya.[1] Ya fara ne a matsayin masarauta, sannan ya zama jamhuriya, sannan daula.
Masarautar Rome tana da girma da yawa cewa akwai matsaloli da ke mulkin babban yankin Rome wanda ya faɗi daga Birtaniyya zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya.
A cikin 293 bayan Annabi Isa, ya raba masarautar kashi biyu. Ƙarni ɗaya daga baya, a cikin 395BM an raba shi har abadazuwa Daular Roman ta yamma da Daular Roman ta Gabas. Daular Yamma ta ƙare saboda ƙabilar Jamusawa, Visigoths a cikin 476 AD.
A karni na 5 Miladiyya, ɓangaren yammacin daular ya rabu zuwa masarautu daban-daban. Daular Roman ta gabas ta kasance tare a matsayin Daular Byzantine. Daular Byzantine ta kayar da Daular Ottoman a shekarar 1453.
An kafa Rome, bisa ga almara, a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 753 BC kuma ta faɗi a shekara ta 476 AD, tana da kusan shekaru 1200 na independence yancin kai da kuma kusan shekaru 700 na mulki a matsayin babbar ƙasa a tsohuwar duniya. Wannan ya sanya ta zama ɗayan ɗumbin wayewar kai a zamanin da.
Al'adu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Al'adu na Romawa ya bazu zuwa Yammacin Turai da kuma yankin da Bahar Rum. Tarihinta har yanzu yana da babban tasiri a duniya a yau. Misali, ra'ayoyin Roman game da dokoki, gwamnati, fasaha, adabi, da yare suna da mahimmanci ga al'adun Turai.
Yaren Roman, Latin, sannu a hankali ya canza, ya zama Faransanci na zamani, Sifaniyanci, Italiyanci, Romania, da sauran yaruka da yawa. Latin ma a kaikaice ya rinjayi wasu yarukan da yawa kamar su Ingilishi.
Addini[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Farawa tare da Sarki Nero a ƙarni na farko AD, gwamnatin Roman ba ta son Kiristanci. A wasu wurare a tarihi, ana iya kashe mutane saboda su Kiristoci ne.
A ƙarƙashin Sarki Diocletian, an tsananta wa Kiristoci ya zama mafi ƙarfi. Koyaya, Addinin Kiristanci ya zama addinin da aka tallafawa a hukumance a Daular Roman a ƙarƙashin Constantine I, wanda shine Sarki na gaba. Tare da sanya hannu a kan Dokar Milan a 313, da sauri ya zama babban addini. Sannan a cikin 391 AD ta hanyar umarnin sarki Theodosius I na sanya Kiristanci addinin Rome na hukuma.[2]
Daular Gabas[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rikicin Islama ya tsoratar da Rumawa, wanda mabiyansa suka karɓi yankunan Siriya, Armenia da Misira kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka yi barazanar ƙwace Yankin Konstantinople. A ƙarni na gaba, Larabawa sun kame kudancin Italiya da Sicily.
Rumawa sun tsira a lokacin ƙarni na 8 kuma, farawa a cikin ƙarni na 9, sun sake karɓar ɓangarorin ƙasashen da aka ci da yaƙi.[3] A cikin 1000 AD, Daular Gabas ta kasance a mafi girman matsayi, kuma al'adu da kasuwanci sun bunƙasa.[4]
Koyaya, bazuwar an dakatar da Faɗaɗa a cikin 1071 a Yaƙin Manzikert . Wannan a ƙarshe ya sa masarautar ta fara rauni. Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe na yaƙe-yaƙe da mamayar Turkawa, Sarki Alexius I Comnenus ya nemi taimako daga Yammaci a cikin 1095.
Yammacin duniya sun amsa tare da Jihadi, a ƙarshe ya haifar da Jihadi na huɗu wanda ya ci Constantinople a cikin 1204. Sabbin ƙasashe gami da Nicaea sun karɓi ɓangaren ƙaramar daular a yanzu.[5]
Bayan sake ikon Constantinople da sojojin Imperial suka yi, masarautar ba ta wuce ƙasar Girka da ke tsare a yankin Aegean ba. Daular Gabas ta ƙare lokacin da Mehmed na II ya ci yankin Constantinople a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1453.[6]
Binciken Ƙwaƙwaf[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An samo ragowar ayyukan Roman da kuma gine-ginen a mafi kusurwar ƙarshen Masarautar.
- Iyakokin Daular Rome
- Gidajen Roman
- Hanyoyin Roman a Biritaniya
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sauran yanar gizo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Laburaren Doka na Roman Da Yves Lassard da Alexandr Koptev
- Hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo don ɗaliban Makarantar Midil daga tarin Laburaren Makarantar Middle School
- ↑ Chris Scarre 1995. The Penguin historical atlas of Ancient Rome Penguin, London.
- ↑ Theodosius I (379-395 AD) by David Woods. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 1999-2-2. Retrieved 2007-4-4.
- ↑ Duiker, 2001. page 349.
- ↑ Basil II (CE 976-1025) by Catherine Holmes. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2003-4-1. Retrieved 2007-3-22.
- ↑ Gibbon, Edward. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Chapter 61. Retrieved 2007-4-11.
- ↑ Mehmet II by Korkut Ozgen. Theottomans.org. Retrieved 2007-4-3.