Harshen Akpes
Akpes ( Àbèsàbèsì ) harshe ne na Najeriya da ke cikin haɗari . Kimanin masu magana 7,000 ne ke magana a Arewacin Jihar Ondo . Harshen yana kewaye da wasu harsuna da dama na yankin Akoko, inda harshen Yarbanci shine harshen yare. Yarabawa suna maye gurbin Akpes a cikin ƙarin wuraren da ba na yau da kullun ba don haka suna tura motsi a hankali daga Akpes zuwa Yarabanci . Akpes gabaɗaya ana danganta shi da reshen Volta-Congo na phylum Niger-Congo .
Suna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An fi kiran yaren da 'Akpes' a cikin adabi. Da yake wannan kalmar a haƙiƙanin sunan ɗaya ne daga cikin yarukan huɗu, ba ta da goyon bayan duk al'ummar masu magana. Taron wakilan dukkanin matsugunai tara ya kirkiro kalmar 'Abesabesi' don nuna harshen. Maimaita kalmar àbès ce ma'ana 'mu'. [1]
Rarraba da iri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Yare | Zaure | Wuri | Daidaitawa | Madadin sunaye |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akpes | Kunnu | Akoko North East LGA |
Alakar kwayoyin halitta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yayin da yawancin masana ke danganta Abesabesi a wani wuri a cikin reshen Volta-Nijar na Niger-Congo, ana jayayya da ainihin matsayinsa a wannan reshe. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa ta samar da wani reshe na daban kuma wasu sun yi da'awar kusanci da harsunan Edoid ko Ukaan .
ASJP 4.0 ta ware Abesabesi a matsayin mafi kusanci da harshen Ukaan . [2]
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abesabesi yana da wadataccen kayan tarihi na wayar tarho wanda ya ƙunshi labial-velar da labialized consonants da ci-gaban tushen harshe (ATR) don tsaka-tsakin wasalan baka. Rubutun rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a nan ya bi Lau (2020), wanda ya dogara da IPA . Abesabesi harshe ne na tonal mai tsayi, matsakaici, da ƙananan sautin. Waɗannan sautunan ana alamar su ta hanyar tsattsauran lafazi, babu lafazi, ko lafazin kabari akan sashin sautin. Duk sautunan guda uku sautunan ƙamus ne. Koyaya, babban sautin da wuya ya bayyana akan lexemes na tushe amma galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sautin nahawu wanda ke nuna yanayin jumla, mallaka, wuri, ko sabuntawa. Ayyukan sauti akai-akai a cikin Abesabesi sun haɗa da goge wasali, haɗaka, da jituwar wasali . Harafin na iya samun tsarin N (syllabic hanci) ko (C)V(V)(C). Kalmomin da aka rufe suna bayyana ne kawai a ƙarshen kalma kuma wataƙila sun samo asali ne daga kalmar gogewa ta ƙarshe. [3]
Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abesabesi yana nuna wasulan baka bakwai da na hanci biyar. Yayin da akwai bambancin ATR don wasulan na baka (/o/ vs. /ɔ/ da /e/ vs. /ɛ/), wasulan hanci ba sa bambanta +ATR daga -ATR (/ɔ̃/ da /ɛ̃/).
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | ku | |
| Tsakar | e e | ku o | |
| Bude | a |
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | ĩ | ũ | |
| Tsakar | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ | |
| Bude | ã |
- ↑ Agoyi, T. O. (2008).
- ↑ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)