Harshen Herero

Harshen Herero
Otsiherero — Otjiherero
'Yan asalin magana	237,000
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Benue-Congo Harsunan Bantoid Southern Bantoid (en) Bantu (en) Central-Western Bantu (en) Njila (en) Kavango – Southwest Bantu (en) Southwest Bantu (en) Harshen Herero
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-1	hz
ISO 639-2	her
ISO 639-3	her
Glottolog	here1253

Mai magana da Herero, wanda aka rubuta a Namibia.

Herero (Otjiherero) yare ne na Bantu da mutanen Herero da Mbanderu ke magana a Namibia da Botswana, da kuma ƙananan al'ummomin mutane a kudu maso yammacin Angola. masu magana 250,000 a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe tsakanin 2015 da 2018.

Rarraba

Rarraba harshensa ya rufe yankin da ake kira Hereroland, wanda ya ƙunshi yankin Omaheke tare da Yankunan Otjozondjupa da Kunene. Mutanen Himba, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Herero da Mbanderu, suna magana da yaren da ke kusa da Otjiherero. Yawancin masu magana da Herero suna zaune a Windhoek, babban birnin Namibia.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

		Labari	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n̪	n	ɲ
Plosive / Africate Rashin lafiya	fili	p	t̪	t	tʃ	k
	Domenal	mb	nd̪	nd	ndʒ	ŋɡ
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba	(f)	θ	(s)			h
	murya	v	ð
Trill				r
Kusanci		w		(l)	j

samun sautunan /f s l/ a cikin kalmomin aro.

Sautin sautin

	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i iː		u uː
Tsakanin	ɛ ɛː		ɔː
Bude		An tabbatar da shi: An samo asali ne daga wannan

Rubutun

Saboda fassarar mishan Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901) na Littafi Mai-Tsarki zuwa Herero, a ƙarshen karni na 19, an rubuta harshen da ake magana zuwa haruffa bisa ga rubutun Latin. Uba Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904) ya fassara ayyukan tauhidi da waƙoƙi da yawa.

Rubutun kalmomi

• a - [ɑ]
• b - [b]
• d - [d]
• ḓ - [d̪]
• e - [ɛ]
• f - [f]
• g - [g]
• h - [h]
• i - [i]
• j - [j]
• k - [k]
• l - [l]
• m - [m]
• mb - [mb]
• mw - [mw]
• n - [n]
• ndj - [ndʒ]
• ng - [ŋɡ]
• ngw - [ŋɡw]
• nj - [ɲ]
• Hukun - [n̪]
• o - [yi]
• p - [p]
• r - [r]
• s - [s]
• t - [t]
• tj - [t͡ʃ]
• ṱ - [t̪]
• u - [u/w]
• v - [v]
• w - [w]
• y - [j]
• z - [z]

Tsawon wasula sun ninka sau biyu.

Ana amfani da f da l ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro.

Ilimi

Ana koyar da Otjiherero a makarantun Namibian a matsayin yaren asali da kuma a matsayin harshen sakandare. An haɗa shi a matsayin babban abu a Jami'ar Namibia . Otjiherero kuma yana daya daga cikin harsuna shida na 'yan tsiraru da Rediyon Jihar Namibiya (NBC) ke amfani da su. Gamsberg Macmillan, tun daga shekara ta 2008, ya buga ƙamus guda ɗaya a cikin Otjiherero.

Iri-iri

Ana ɗaukar nau'ikan Hakaona a matsayin yare na Bantu daban, kamar yadda wani lokacin yake Zemba (Otjizemba). Maho (200) kuma ya cire Kuvale zuwa Yankin Bantu R.10, yayin da yake rarrabe Arewa maso Yammacin Herero (Kaokoland Herero, gami da Zemba da mai yiwuwa Himba da Hakaona), R.311, da Botswana Herero (gami da Mahalapye Herero), R.-312, kamar yadda ya bambanta da amma yana da alaƙa da Herero daidai. A cikin Herero daidai, ya gane yare biyu: Tsakiyar Herero da Mbandero (East Herero).

Ana samun Arewa maso Yamma / Zemba a kowane bangare na iyakar Namibia da Angola. Tsakiyar Herero ta rufe babban yanki a tsakiyar Namibia, tare da Gabashin Herero da wasu tsibirai zuwa gabas amma har yanzu a Namibia. Botswana Herero ƙunshi wasu tsibirai da aka warwatsa a Botswana, tare da kusan 15% na yawan mutanen Herero.

Ethnologue ya raba Zimba a matsayin yare daban amma ya riƙe Himba, East Herero, da Botswana Herero a cikin harshen Herero. , ba ta yarda da Kuvale a matsayin yare ba amma a matsayin yare daban.

Tushen

• [Hasiya] Wörterbuch und kurzgefasste Grammatik des Otji-Herero. Leipzig (sake buga 1964 Ridgwood, NJ: The Gregg Press).
• [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Hereró. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz.
• [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Jirgin wuri a cikin Otjiherero: ƙarin akan bambancin morpho-syntactic a cikin Bantu. " A cikin: Laura Downing, Lutz Marten & Sabine Zerbian (eds.), Takardu a cikin Bantu Grammar, ZAS Takardu a Linguistics 43, 97 - 122.
• Marten, Lutz & Nancy C. Kula (2007). "Bayanin Morphosyntactic a cikin Bantu: nazarin shari'a guda biyu". SOAS Takardun Aiki a cikin Harshe 15.227-238.
• Möhlig, Wilhelm, Lutz Marten & Jekura U. Kavari (2002). A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero). Köln: Köppe (Grammatische Analysen afrikanischer Sprachen; v.19).