Men's movement
| Iri | harkar zamantakewa |
|---|---|
Ƙungiyar maza ƙungiya ce ta zamantakewa da ta samo asali a cikin shekara ta 1960s da 1970s, musamman a kasashen yammacin duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi kungiyoyi na maza da abokansu waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan batutuwan jinsi da ayyukansu sun kasance daga taimakon kai da goyon baya zuwa sha'awa da fafutuka. . [1]
Yunkurin maza yana kunshe da ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke da mabanbanta kuma galibi maƙasudai na gaba da juna. [1] Manyan abubuwan da suka shafi yunkurin maza sun hada da yunkurin 'yantar da maza, maza da mata, yunkurin maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, yunkurin maza na tatsuniyoyi, yunkurin 'yancin maza, da yunkurin maza na Kirista, musamman masu kiyaye alkawuran . [1]
Ƙungiyar 'yantar da maza
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙungiyar maza ta ƙunshi "cibiyoyin sadarwa na maza da kansu suna shiga cikin ayyukan da suka shafi maza da jinsi. Ya fito ne a ƙarshen 1960s da 1970s a cikin al'ummomin Yammacin Turai, tare da sau da yawa don mayar da martani ga yunkurin mata da mata." [1] Yayin da yake ɗauke da yawancin alamomin warkewa, ƙungiyoyin taimakon kai, ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin maza sun ƙara zuwa suna kallon ci gaban mutum da kyakkyawar alaƙa da sauran maza a matsayin "marasa amfani ba tare da canji mai rahusa ba a cikin alaƙar zamantakewa da akidun da ke goyan bayan ko keɓancewa. hanyoyi daban-daban na zama maza". [1] Masu fafutuka na maza waɗanda ke jin tausayin ra'ayin mata sun damu sosai game da ɓata asalin maza da maza . [1] Da yake ba da labari daga masu ra'ayin mata na farko wadanda suka soki matsayin mata na al'ada na jinsi, mambobin kungiyar 'yantar da maza sun yi amfani da harshen ka'idar jima'i don jayayya cewa aikin jinsi na namiji yana da ƙuntatawa kuma yana cutar da maza. [2] [3] Wasu masu 'yanci na maza sun yi watsi da alaƙar jinsi kuma suna jayayya cewa tun da matsayin jima'i yana da lahani ga duka jinsin mata da maza daidai gwargwado. [1] [2]
Masanin ilimin zamantakewa Michael Messner ya rubuta cewa a ƙarshen 1970s.
[M]en's liberation had disappeared. The conservative and moderate wings of men's liberation became an anti-feminist men's rights movement, facilitated by the language of sex roles. The progressive wing of men's liberation abandoned sex role language and formed a profeminist movement premised on a language of gender relations and power.[2]
Ƙungiyoyin maza masu goyon bayan mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙungiyoyin maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun fito ne daga ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da maza a tsakiyar 1970s. [2] Taron maza da maza na farko, wanda aka gudanar a Tennessee a cikin 1975, yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da maza masu fafutuka suka shirya a Amurka. [4] Ƙungiyoyin maza masu ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya sun rinjayi motsin mata na biyu, Ƙarfin Baƙar fata da ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmayar dalibai, gwagwarmayar yaki, da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa na LGBT na 1960s da 1970s. [2] Sashin motsin maza ne wanda gabaɗaya ya rungumi manufofin daidaito na mace. [4] [5]
Ƙungiyar mata tana nufin jerin kamfen na siyasa don gyare-gyare kan batutuwa kamar haƙƙin haifuwa, cin zarafin gida, hutun haihuwa, daidaiton albashi, zaɓen mata, cin zarafi na jima'i, da cin zarafin jima'i. Ana amfani da kalmar sau da yawa don yin magana game da maza masu goyon bayan mata da kuma kokarin da suke yi na kawo daidaiton siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu, sirri da zamantakewar mata da maza. Yawancin maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi imanin cewa ƙiyayya ce ta haifar da maza kuma cewa babban abin koyi na namiji shine madigo. Maza masu goyon bayan ra'ayin mata suna ƙoƙarin kawo adalci da daidaito tsakanin jinsi. Tausayinsu ga mata ya ta'allaka ne akan yarda mai sauƙi cewa maza da mata yakamata su kasance daidai. Yakamata mata su sami damar yin ayyuka da fannonin rayuwar jama'a kamar yadda maza suke yi. Matsalar ita ce, akwai manyan tsare-tsare guda biyu, wanda tushensa ya dogara ne akan matsayi da gata da kuma sauran tsarin mazaje masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi sabani a kai, suna jayayya cewa dole ne su canza abin da ke cikin samfurin mazaje maimakon kawar da ra'ayi na maza da mata baki daya. Tsoron ganinsu a matsayin 'yan luwadi yana hana samari da maza yin tambayoyi daga karshe su bar mazajensu na gargajiya. Yawancin maza masu ra'ayin mata don haka sun yi imanin cewa maza da maza ba za su canza ba har sai an lalatar da 'yan luwadi. Maza suna da muhimmiyar rawar da za su taka wajen sauye-sauyen dangantakar jinsi da aka fara ta hanyar mata da ƙungiyoyin mata. Maza masu goyon bayan mata suna maraba da mahimmancin mahalarta a cikin wannan tsari. "Nazarin wakilci na namiji a cikin kafofin watsa labaru sau da yawa yana nuna gine-ginen da ke tattare da ra'ayi na tashin hankali, iko, zalunci."
Maza masu fafutuka sun nuna shakku kan manufar al'adar mazaje ta gargajiya. Sau da yawa suna jayayya cewa tsammanin zamantakewa da ka'idoji sun tilasta wa maza su shiga tsaka-tsakin matsayi na jinsi, iyakance ikon maza na bayyana ra'ayoyinsu, da kuma taƙaita zaɓin su ga halayen da ake ɗauka a matsayin abin yarda da zamantakewa ga maza. Bugu da ƙari, maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi ƙoƙari su kawar da jima'i da kuma rage wariyar launin fata ga mata. [5] Sun yi yakin neman zabe tare da masu fafutukar mata kan batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da Daidaita Hakkokin, 'yancin haifuwa, dokokin hana nuna bambanci a aiki, kula da yara mai araha, da kuma kawo karshen cin zarafin mata . [2] [4] [5]
"Kungiyoyin maza na mata sun shirya don kin amincewa da salon al'ada na maza don tallafawa ƙungiyoyin mata. Suna wanzu a ƙasashe da yawa kuma yawancin ƙungiyoyin maza na mata sun fi mayar da hankali kan shigar da maza cikin aikin yaki da tashin hankali." NOMAS a Amurka, Achilles Heel Collective a Burtaniya da Maza da ke Agajin Cin Duri da Ilimin Jima'i a Ostiraliya wasu sanannun ƙungiyoyin maza na mata duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin da aka sani a duniya har yanzu suna da ƙanƙanta da rashin kwanciyar hankali tare da ƙarancin membobinsu. Achilles Heel yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin maza na mata. Ya juya a kusa da mujallu na shekara-shekara, Achilles Heel da nufin "kalubalanci nau'i na al'ada na namiji da ikon namiji da kuma tallafawa ƙirƙirar tsarin zamantakewar zamantakewa da kuma hanyoyin zama." "Kamfen na mata irin su #MeToo sun sa mutane da yawa suyi tunani game da jima'i da zamantakewar su da mata, kodayake akwai koma baya da baya." [6] Abubuwan da ake yi wa wasu yunƙurin yaƙin neman zaɓe na maza na mata shi ne cewa suna yin kaɗan, kawai sanya hannu a kan fom ko sanya ribbon a maimakon ɗaukar matakai na gaske kamar magance halayensu da halayen takwarorinsu. Yayin da mata ya sami ƙarin karbuwa a cikin al'umma kwanan nan, ya ba da damar ƙarin maza su ɗauki goyan bayan alama ga mata wanda ba shi da wani abu na gaske. [6]
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan bayan fara gwagwarmayar maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a Amurka, an tsara shirye-shirye iri daya da alaka da juna a duniya. [7] A cikin 2004, shugabanni da yawa da ke da hannu tare da shigar da maza da yara maza a cikin adalcin jinsi a duniya sun taru don kafa ƙungiyar duniya ta MenEngage . Tun daga wannan lokacin MenEngage ya shirya tarurrukan kasa da kasa guda biyu; daya a Rio de Janeiro a 2009 da kuma wani a New Delhi a 2014. [8]
Mawallafin masu fafutuka masu mahimmanci sun hada da David Tacey da Raewyn Connell, Robert Jensen, Jackson Katz, da Don Edgar . [9]
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin maza da uba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin maza sun rabu daga ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da maza a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen 1970s. [2] Ya mai da hankali musamman kan batutuwan da ake gane wariya da rashin daidaito da maza ke fuskanta. [2] [10] MRM ta shiga cikin batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi doka (ciki har da dokar iyali, iyaye, haifuwa da tashin hankali na gida), ayyukan gwamnati (ciki har da ilimi, aikin soja da cibiyoyin tsaro na zamantakewa ) kiwon lafiya. [11]
Kungiyar kare hakkin uba wani bangare ne na kungiyar kare hakkin maza. [12] [13] [14] Membobinta sun fi sha'awar batutuwan da suka shafi dokar iyali, gami da kula da yara da tallafin yara waɗanda suka shafi uba da ƴaƴansu .
Fitattun masu fafutukar kare hakkin maza sun hada da Warren Farrell, [10] Herb Goldberg, [10] Richard Doyle, da Asa Baber . [15] Glenn Sacks mai fafutukar kare hakkin uba ne. [16]
Tatsuniyar motsin maza
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yunkurin maza na tatsuniyoyi ya dogara ne akan ra'ayoyin ruhaniya da aka samo daga ilimin halin dan adam, musamman aikin Carl Jung . Yana da ƙasa da siyasa fiye da ko dai masu fafutuka ko ƙungiyoyin yancin maza kuma yana da mai da hankali kan taimakon kai. Ana kiranta "mythopoetic" saboda girmamawa akan tatsuniyoyi da aka yi magana a matsayin waƙa tare da wasu ƙa'idodi na ƴan asalin ƙasar, misali ƴan ƙasar Amirka, tatsuniyoyi da ilimi. Robert Bly, babban jagoran tatsuniyoyi, ya soki "maza masu laushi" kuma sunyi jayayya cewa dole ne a fara samar da yara maza a cikin maza don su mallaki "Zeus makamashi", wanda a cewar Bly shine "ikon namiji" wanda "ya ƙunshi hankali, lafiya mai ƙarfi, yanke shawara mai tausayi., kyakkyawar niyya, jagoranci mai karimci”. Maza masu tatsuniyoyi sun jaddada "girmama dattijo", "kwato" ubanninsu, da "sakin namun daji a ciki", amma tare da jaddada tasirin rashin uba ga ci gaban tunanin maza.
Ana ganin namiji ya haɗa da alamu masu zurfi da rashin sani da archetypes waɗanda aka bayyana ta hanyar tatsuniya, labari da al'ada, kamar yadda goyan bayan ra'ayoyin da aka zana daga nazari ko "zurfin" ilimin halin dan Adam .
Akwai wasu cikas da haƙƙoƙin maza da ra'ayoyin 'yantar da maza.
Ayyuka sun haɗa da:
- Shirye-shiryen jagoranci na maza (bisa ga imanin cewa mazan da suka balaga ya kamata su taimaka wa yara maza su zama maza masu lafiya)
- Ritual, ganguna da sansanonin ba da labari
- Ƙungiyoyin tallafi
- Ƙoƙarin haɓaka manhajoji na shirye-shiryen samari a makarantu
Robert Bly, James Hillman, Michael J. Meade, Sam Keen, Robert L. Moore, [1] da Stephen Biddulph fitattun marubutan tatsuniyoyi ne.
Kalmomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana ilimin zamantakewa Michael Messner da Michael Flood sun yi jayayya daban-daban cewa kalmar "motsi" tana da matsala kamar yadda, sabanin sauran ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa, ƙungiyoyin maza sun fi mayar da hankali kan inganta kansu, yana da sabani a cikin ciki, kuma ya ƙunshi membobin abin da suke jayayya shine. kungiyar masu gata . [1] [2]
Duba Sauran bayanai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ranar Maza ta Duniya
- ManKind Project
- Masculism
- Karatun maza
- Iyalai Pater
- Hakkokin uba da zubar da ciki
- Ha'incin uba
- Ƙungiyar uba mai alhakin
- Cin zarafin maza
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Flood" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Messner, Michael A. (June 1998). "The limits of "The Male Sex Role": an analysis of the men's liberation and men's rights movements' discourse". Gender & Society. 12 (3): 255–276. doi:10.1177/0891243298012003002. JSTOR 190285. S2CID 143890298. Pdf. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Messner" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ (Judith ed.). Invalid
|url-access=Pringle(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedJWood2008 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 (Amy ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "KAProfeminist" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Flood, Michael (15–21 June 2019). "Gender equality: engaging men in change". Lancet. 393 (10189): 2386–2387. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31295-4. PMID 31160105. S2CID 171092079.CS1 maint: date format (link)
- ↑ Okun, Rob (2014). "Men and Boys for Gender Justice".
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDasguptain - ↑ (Linda ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Maddison, Sarah (1999). "Private Men, Public Anger: The Men's Rights Movement in Australia" (PDF). Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies. 4 (2): 39–52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2013. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Maddison" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedNewton - ↑ Jordan, Ana (2013). "'Every Father is a Superhero to His Children': The Gendered Politics of the (Real) Fathers 4 Justice Campaign". Political Studies. 62: 83–98. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.01008.x. S2CID 142721825.
- ↑ Crowley, Jocelyn Elise (2009). "Conflicted Membership: Women in Fathers' Rights Groups". Sociological Inquiry. 79 (3): 328–350. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.7982. doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00293.x.
- ↑ (Amy ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Goldberg, Stephanie B. (1995). "Make Room for Daddy". American Bar Association Journal. 83 (2): 48–52.
- ↑ Berman, Judy (5 November 2009). "'Men's rights' groups go mainstream". Salon. Retrieved 31 May 2013.