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Pizza

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Pizza
convenience food (en) Fassara, finished good (en) Fassara, snack (en) Fassara, baked good (en) Fassara da Pizzas, casseroles (en) Fassara
Kayan haɗi dough (en) Fassara
tomato sauce (en) Fassara
cuku
Kayan haɗi tomato sauce (en) Fassara, gari, mozzarella (en) Fassara, Mai, gishiri, sukari, ruwa, Barkono da baker's yeast (en) Fassara
Tarihi
Asali Italiya

Kalmar pizza an fara rubuta tane a ƙarni na 10 a cikin rubutun Latin daga garin Gaeta na Kudancin Italiya a Lazio, a kan iyaka da Campania.[1] [2]An ƙirƙira pizza na zamani a Naples, kuma tanada bambance-bambance dayawa sun shahara a ƙasashe da dama[3] Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun abinci a duniya kuma abune na abinci mai sauri a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Australia asia; ana samunsu a pizzerias (masu cin abinci ƙware a pizza), gidajen cin abinci waɗanda ke ba da abinci na Bahar Rum, ta hanyar isar da pizza, da kuma abincin titi.[4] Kamfanonin abinci daban-daban suna sayar da pizza ɗin da aka gasa, waɗanda zasu iya daskarewa, a ci[5]kin shagunan kayan abinci, don a mai dasu a cikin tanda na gida.[6][7][8][9]A cikin 2017, an haɗa fasahar yin pizza na Neapolitan a cikin jerin abubuwan al'adun da ba a taɓa gani ba na UNESCO.[10]

Pizza da bambance-bambancensa suna cikin shahararrun abinci a duniya. Ana sayar da Pizza a gidajen abinci iri-iri, gami da pizzerias (masu cin abinci na musamman na pizza), gidajen cin abinci na Bahar Rum, ta hanyar bayarwa, da kuma abincin titi.[11] A Italiya, ana gabatar da pizza da ake yi a gidan abinci ba tare da yanka ba, kuma ana ci tare da amfani da wuka da cokali mai yatsa.[12][13] A cikin saitunan yau da kullun, duk da haka, yawanci ana yanke shi cikin yanka don a ci yayin riƙe shi a hannu. Ana kuma sayar da Pizza a cikin shagunan kayan miya ta nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, gami da daskararre ko a matsayin kayan haɗin kai. Ana dafa pizzas da aka siyo daga kantin sayar da kayayyaki ta amfani da tanda na gida.

A cikin 2017, kasuwar pizza ta duniya ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 128, kuma a Amurka an bazu dala biliyan 44 a kan pizzerias 76,000.[14] Gabaɗaya, kashi 13% na al'ummar Amurka masu shekaru biyu zuwa sama sun cinye pizza a kowace rana.[15]

An yi tunanin mafi dadewa da aka yi amfani da kalmar pizza daga Mayu 997 CE, yana bayyana a cikin Codex diplomaticus Caietanus, wata takarda ta Latin ce daga garin Gaeta, sannan har yanzu wani ɓangare na Daular Byzantine.[16] Rubutun ya bayyana cewa mai haya na wasu kadarorin shine ya ba Bishop na Gaeta duodecim pizze (lit. 'pizzas goma sha biyu'), [17]kafada na alade da koda kowace shekara a ranar Kirsimeti, da pizzas goma sha biyu da kaji biyu a kowace shekara a ranar Lahadin Ista.[18].

Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da:

Greek Byzantine da Late Latin pitta> pizza, cf. Gurasar Pitta ta Girka ta zamani da Apulia da Calabrian (sannan kuma Italiya ta Byzantine) pitta, [19] biredi mai zagaye da ake gasa a cikin tanda a yanayin zafi mai zafi wani lokacin tare da toppings. Kalmar pitta za a iya bibiyar ta zuwa ko dai tsohuwar Hellenanci πικτή (pikte), 'kayan kek', wanda a cikin Latin ya zama picta, ko Tsohon Girkanci πίσσα (pissa, Attic: πίττα, pitta), 'pitch', [20][21] ko αn (αήpή) (πητίτης, pētítēs, 'bread bran').[22]

Kamus na Etymological na Harshen Italiyanci ya bayyana shi kamar ya fito daga pinza yare, 'ƙuƙwal', kamar yadda yake a cikin Italiyanci na zamani, 'fili, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Asalin su daga Latin pinsere, 'zuwa fam, tambari'. [23] Kalmar Lombardic bizzo ko pizzo, ma'ana 'baki' (wanda ke da alaƙa da kalmomin Ingilishi bit da cizo), wanda mahara Lombards suka kawo Italiya a tsakiyar karni na 6 AD.[24] [25] Za a iya bayyana canjin b→p ta Babban Juyin Baƙin Jamusanci, kuma an lura a cikin wannan haɗin cewa a cikin Jamusanci kalmar Imbiss tana nufin 'abinci'.

A wani lokaci ana kiran ƙaramin pizza pizzetta.[26] An san mutumin da ke yin pizza da pizzaiolo.[27]


An aro kalmar pizza daga Italiyanci zuwa Turanci a cikin 1930s; Kafin ya zama sananne, masu magana da Ingilishi suna kiran pizza "tumatir". Wasu bambance-bambancen pizza na yanki har yanzu suna amfani da sunan tumatir kek.[28]

Ana iya samun bayanan abinci irin na pizza a cikin tarihin d ¯ a. A cikin karni na 6 BC, sojojin Farisa na Daular Achaemenid a lokacin mulkin Darius mai girma sun gasa gurasa mai laushi tare da cuku da dabino a saman garkuwar yakinsu [29] [[30] da Girkawa na da suka kara da gurasar da mai, ganya, da cuku.[31][32]Tunanin farko game da abinci mai kama da pizza yana faruwa a cikin Aeneid, lokacin da Celaeno, Sarauniyar Harpies, ta annabta cewa Trojans ba za su sami kwanciyar hankali ba har sai yunwa ta tilasta musu su ci teburinsu (Littafi III). A cikin Littafi na VII, an ba Aeneas da mutanensa abinci wanda ya haɗa da biredi (kamar gurasar pita) tare da dafaffen kayan lambu. Sa’ad da suke cin gurasar, sai su gane cewa waɗannan “teburan” ne da Celaeno ya annabta.[33]A cikin 2023, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano fresco a cikin Pompeii da ke nuna alamar pizza-kamar tasa a tsakanin sauran kayan abinci da kayan abinci a kan farantin azurfa. Ministan al'adu na Italiya ya ce "yana iya zama kakannin kakannin abinci na zamani".[34][35]Maganar farko ta kalmar pizza da alama ta fito ne daga takardan sanarwa da aka rubuta a cikin Latin kuma tun daga shekara ta 997 CE daga Gaeta, tana neman biyan "pisas goma sha biyu, kafadar naman alade, da koda na naman alade a ranar Kirsimeti, da pizzas 12 da kaji biyu a ranar Ista" [36].

Pizza na zamani ya samo asali ne daga irin abincin burodi irin na Naples, Italiya, a cikin 18th ko farkon karni na 19.[37] Kafin wannan lokacin, ana yawan ɗora gurasar lebur da sinadaran kamar tafarnuwa, gishiri, man alade, da cuku. Ba shi da tabbas lokacin da aka fara ƙara tumatir kuma akwai da'awar da yawa masu cin karo da juna,[38] ko da yake ba za a iya kasancewa kafin karni na 16 da musayar Colombian ba. Ana siyar da Pizza ne daga wuraren da ake yin burodi da kuma wuraren yin burodin pizza har zuwa kusan 1830, lokacin da pizzerias a Naples suka fara samun rumfuna da tebura inda abokan ciniki za su zauna su ci pizzas a nan take.[39]


Shahararriyar almara tana ɗauka cewa pizza na archetypal, pizza Margherita, [40] an ƙirƙira shi ne a cikin 1889, lokacin da Fadar Sarauta ta Capodimonte ta ba da umarnin Neapolitan pizzaiolo ('mai yin pizza') Raffaele Esposito don ƙirƙirar pizza don girmama Sarauniya Margherita mai ziyara. Daga cikin pizzas daban-daban guda uku da ya halitta, sarauniyar ta fi son pizza da ke cikin launuka na tutar Italiya - ja (tumatir), fari (mozzarella), da kore (Basil). Ana tsammanin, an sanya wa irin wannan nau'in pizza sunan sarauniya, [41]tare da wasiƙar karramawa daga "shugaban hidima" na sarauniya wanda ya rage har wala yau a cikin shagon Esposito, wanda yanzu ake kira Pizzeria Brandi.[42]Daga baya bincike ya jefa shakku kan wannan almara, yana lalata sahihancin wasiƙar amincewa, yana nuna cewa babu wata kafar watsa labarai na lokacin da ta ba da rahoton ziyarar da ake tsammani kuma duka labarin da sunan Margherita an fara inganta shi.a cikin shekarun 1930-1940.[43][44]

Baƙi na Italiya sun ɗauke Pizza zuwa Amurka a ƙarshen karni na 19 [45] kuma sun fara bayyana a wuraren da suka tattara hankali. Pizzeria na farko na ƙasar, Lombardi's, an buɗe shi a birnin New York a cikin 1905.[46]Ba’amurke ɗan Italiya da ke ƙaura daga Gabas zuwa Yamma sun kawo tasa tasa, daga nan kuma ake fitar da nau’in na Amurka zuwa sauran ƙasashen duniya.

The Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (lit. 'Gaskiya Neapolitan Pizza Association') kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a 1984 tare da hedkwata a Naples wanda ke da nufin haɓaka pizza na Neapolitan na gargajiya.[47]A cikin 2009, bisa buƙatar Italiya, an yi rajistar pizza na Neapolitan tare da Tarayyar Turai a matsayin tasa na musamman na gargajiya (TSG), [[48][[49] kuma a cikin 2017 an haɗa fasahar yin sa a cikin jerin abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na UNESCO.[50]

Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.


  1. English: /ˈpiːtsə/ PEET-sə, Italian: [ˈpittsa]; Neapolitan: [ˈpittsə]
  2. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  3. Maiden, Martin. "Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word". yourDictionary.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2003.
  4. Maiden, Martin. "Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word". yourDictionary.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2003.
  5. "How to Make Neapolitan Pizza". La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  6. Arthur Schwartz, Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania (1998), p. 68. ISBN 9780060182618
  7. John Dickie, Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food (2008), p. 186.
  8. Father Giuseppe Orsini, Joseph E. Orsini, Italian Baking Secrets (2007), p. 99.
  9. "Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe". ITALY Magazine. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  10. Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status". The Guardian. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  11. Miller, Hanna (April–May 2006). "American Pie". American Heritage. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
  12. Naylor, Tony (September 6, 2019). "How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
  13. Godoy, Maria (January 13, 2014). "Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit". The Salt (blog). National Public Radio. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
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  15. Rhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014). "Consumption of Pizza" (PDF). Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11. USDA. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  16. Miller, Keith (February 12, 2015). "Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?". The Telegraph. Retrieved January 11, 2025. Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the "codex diplomaticus cajtanus" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano.
  17. Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus. Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887. Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli
  18. Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta" [Surprise: the word "pizza" was born in Gaeta]. La Repubblica (in Italian). February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  19. Babiniotis, Georgios (2005). Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας [Dictionary of Modern Greek] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413. ISBN 978-960-86190-1-2.
  20. Pizza". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  21. Pissa, Liddell and Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus". Perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  22. Pizza". Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 5, 2009
  23. "pizza" (Archived February 21, 2022, at the Wayback Machine), Online Etymology Dictionary
  24. Maiden, Martin. "Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word". yourDictionary.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2003.
  25. Pizza". Garzanti Linguistica. De Agostini Scuola Spa. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  26. "pizzetta". Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary. June 22, 2023.
  27. Doane, Seth (November 20, 2022). "Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home". CBS News
  28. Uyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023). "The Many Lives of Tomato Pie". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  29. Barrett, Liz (2014). Pizza, A Slice of American History. Voyageur Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7603-4560-3.
  30. Edwards, W. P. (2007). The Science of Bakery Products. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-85404-486-3.
  31. Talati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014). Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles. Lulu publishers. ISBN 978-1304961358.
  32. Buonassisi, Rosario (2000). Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table. Firefly. p. 78.
  33. "Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy". Archived from the original on March 29, 2017
  34. Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting". BBC News. BBC. June 17, 2023.
  35. "Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii". ABC News. June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  36. Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta" [Surprise: the word "pizza" was born in Gaeta]. La Repubblica (in Italian). February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  37. Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: Reaktion. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-1-86189-391-8.
  38. Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: Reaktion. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-1-86189-391-8.
  39. de Sanctis, Francesco. La giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico. p. 39. In the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità.
  40. "Margherita Pizza". La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  41. "Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe". Italy Magazine. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on February 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23
  42. Hales, Dianne (May 12, 2009). La Bella Lingua (in Swedish). Crown. p. 204. ISBN 978-0767932110. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  43. "Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?". BBC Food. BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  44. Nowak, Zachary (March 2014). "Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita". Food, Culture & Society. 17 (1): 103–124. doi:10.2752/175174414X13828682779249. ISSN 1552-8014. S2CID 142371201.
  45. Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. Reaktion Books. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-86189-630-8.
  46. Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City. New York: Free Press. pp. 194–95. ISBN 978-1416589976.
  47. Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN)". Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  48. Official Journal of the European Union, Commission regulation (EU) No 97/2010 Archived June 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, February 5, 2010.
  49. International Trademark Association, European Union: Pizza napoletana obtains "Traditional Speciality Guaranteed" status Archived August 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, April 1, 2010.
  50. "Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status". The Guardian. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.

Wasu pizzas da aka samar da yawa ta hanyar sarkar pizza ta Amurka ansoki su da ma'auni mara kyau na sinadaran.