Rikicin Fulani Makiyaya da Manoma a Najeriya

Tsattsauran Ra'ayin Fulani a Najeriya
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Najeriya

Tsattsauran ra’ayin Fulani na nufin rikici tsakanin ƙabilar Fulani da manoma, (wanda kuma ake kiransu da suna 'Pular' ko 'Fulbe') wanda wannan rikici yake tashi tsakanin manoma maƙwabtan su cikin ƙabilu daban-daban. An ɗauki Najeriya a matsayin "tukunyar narkewa" na al'adu da ƙabilu daban -daban.. Fulani da Hausawan Najeriya galibi ana ɗaukar su ƙungiya ɗaya amma wannan ba haka bane ga membobin waɗannan ƙabilun a duk faɗin nahiyar. Bafulatani/Hausawa sune mafi girma kuma sanannun ƙungiya. An kiyasta yawan Fulani a Najeriya kusan miliyan 14. Ƙabilun farko da Fulani ke rikici da su sune Yarbawa da Ibo, duk da cewa sanannun ƙungiyoyi guda 33 ne ke shiga rikicin manoma da makiyaya a ƙasar.

Tarihin gabaɗaya

Fulani galibinsu makiyaya ne /kusan rabin makiyaya kusan miliyan 20 da ke zaune a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Yammacin Afirka . Yana da mahimmanci a nanata cewa ba duka Fulani ne masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba - masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sune ƙananan wannan ƙabila mafi girma. Fulanin ƙungiya ce ta makiyaya kuma rayuwarsu ta dogara ne da kiwon shanu, da kuma awaki da tumaki, a kan hanyoyin kiwo. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da canjin yanayi ya kawo karuwar kwararowar hamada da ƙarancin albarkatu, rikice-rikicen Fulani da manoma sun yawaita. Yayin da Fulani makiyaya ke ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗimbin yawa, an sami gagarumar gasa ta hanyar kiwo tare da manoma na yankin, lamarin da ya haifar da tashin hankali.

Yayin da ake samun wasu ire-iren rikice-rikicen makiyaya da manoma a Najeriya, ana danganta rikicin Fulani da manoma da tsattsauran ra'ayi saboda ana amfani da ta’addanci da matsanancin tashin hankali a matsayin dabarun sasanta sabani. A wasu sassan Afirka, kamar a Mali, an kafa ƙungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda na yau da kullun. Kungiyar ‘Yancin Macina, ko Front de Libération du Macina (FLM) a Mali kungiya ce ta jihadi da ta shiga tsakanin Fulani makiyaya. Duk da yake a halin yanzu babu wata kungiya a Najeriya, har yanzu dabarun ta’addanci sun zama ruwan dare. Waɗannan dabarun sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, lalata amfanin gona, munanan tarzoma, hana zirga -zirga, yi wa mata fyade, bugun manoma, da tunzura hare -haren makamai akan ƙauyuka. Yakin neman gona mai albarka da hanyoyin kiwo ya haifar da gagarumin tashin hankali. Wadannan rikice -rikicen kuma suna faruwa a duk fadin Guinea, Senegal, Mali, da Kamaru .

Duk da yake ba a san takamaiman bayanai game da hijirar Fulani zuwa Najeriya ba, amma ana kyautata zaton Fulani sun koma Arewacin Najeriya daga yankin Senegambia a ƙarni na goma sha uku da goma sha huɗu. Tun bayan hijira ta farko, Fulani sun shiga rikici da manoma a Najeriya. Hare -haren Fulani masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun fi shahara a jihohin Kaduna, Filato, da Binuwai.

Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa, waɗannan rikice -rikicen sun ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa gwargwadon lamurra iri -iri na zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki, da muhalli. Musamman, fari, rashin ruwan sama, da lalata ƙasa a Najeriya sun ƙara rura wutar rikici.

Fitattun hare -hare

Ba a dunkule masu tsattsauran ra’ayin Fulani ba karkashin mulkin shugaban kasa. Maimakon haka, ana gudanar da hare-hare kan mutum ɗaya, ƙaramin matakin, wanda bai dace da ƙungiyoyin ta'adda ba. A sakamakon haka, yana da wuya duka biyun su ci gaba da samun cikakken bayani game da hare -hare da kuma ɗaukar alhakin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Wadannan sune wasu, amma ba duka ba, na shahararrun hare -haren da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Fulani suka kai a Najeriya cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.

Kwanan wata	Wuri	Nau'in Hari	Mutuwar
3/5/2015	Egba	Makamai	95
2/24/2016	Abugbe	Harin Makamai	51
2/24/2016	Aila	Harin Makamai	50
2/24/2016	Akwu	Harin Makamai	50
2/24/2016	Ugboju	Harin Makamai	50
18/6/2016	Gundumar Logo	Harin Makamai	59
20/03/2017	Zaki Biam	Harin Makamai	73
5/5/2018	Gwaska	Harin Kayan Aiki/Hare -Hare	58
9/3/2018	Bolki	Harin Kayan Aiki/Hare -Hare	35

Ƙididdiga

• A shekarar 2018, masu tsattsauran ra’ayin Fulani ne ke da alhakin kashi 72% na mutuwar masu alaka da ta’addanci a Najeriya. Adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai 1,159.
• A shekarar 2019, bayan shekara daya kacal, masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Fulani ne ke da alhakin kashi 26% na mace-macen da ke da alaka da ta’addanci a Najeriya, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 325.
• Tsakanin shekarun 2010 zuwa 2016, masu tsattsauran ra’ayin Fulani ne ke da alhakin hare-haren ta’addanci 466 da mutuwar mutane 3,068 a fadin kasashen yammacin Afirka da dama.

Matakin tarayya

Gwamnati ta ɗauki matakai da dama da suka shafi wannan rikici.

Dokar ajiyar Kiwo ta Najeriya na 1964

A cikin shekara ta alib 1964, gwamnati ta zartar da wannan aikin, da fatan za ta ƙarfafa Fulani su rungumi zaman rayuwa da kiwo a kan waɗannan wuraren da aka keɓe.

Dokar Amfani da Ƙasa ta 1978

A shekara ta alib 1978, gwamnati ta aiwatar da Dokar Amfani da Ƙasa. Wannan yanki na doka ya ba gwamnatin tarayya ikon raba filaye ga kungiyoyi daban -daban. Bugu da ƙari, an ba ƙungiyoyin asalin 'yancin yin da'awar mallakar yankunan kakanni. Amincewa da Dokar Amfani da Ƙasa ta ƙara ruruta rikicin Fulani da manoma, saboda an cire Fulani makiyaya daga haƙƙin mallakar filayen kakanni.

Manufofin Noma na Najeriya na 1988

A ƙoƙarin warware batutuwan da dokar amfani da filaye ta gabatar, gwamnati ta ware takamaiman wuraren kiwo da Manufofin Noma na Najeriya. Wannan doka ta ware mafi ƙarancin kashi 10% na jimlar yankin ƙasar da za a kebe don kiwo. Har zuwa yau, ba a aiwatar da wannan umarni daidai gwargwado ba.

Illolin rikici

Rage yawan amfanin gona

Rikicin da ake samu tsakanin makiyaya da manoma ya yi mummunan tasiri ga amfanin gona. Fulani masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna lalata albarkatun gona ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, abin da ke yin illa ga aikin gona.

Ficewar manoma

Manoma sun rasa muhallansu sakamakon wannan rikici, wanda ya kara talauci da rashin kwanciyar hankali a yankunan noma.