Robin williams
 Robin williams | |
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| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Robin McLaurin Williams |
| Haihuwa | Chicago, 21 ga Yuli, 1951 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni | Sea Cliff (en)  Bloomfield Hills (mul) Chicago Paradise Cay (en) San Francisco |
| Harshen uwa | Turanci |
| Mutuwa | Tiburon (en) da Paradise Cay (en) , 11 ga Augusta, 2014 |
| Makwanci | San Francisco Bay (en) |
| Yanayin mutuwa | kisan kai (rataya) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Robert Williams |
| Mahaifiya | Laura McLaurin |
| Abokiyar zama | Valerie Velardi (en) (ga Yuni, 1978 - 1988) Marsha Garces (en) (30 ga Afirilu, 1989 - 2010)Susan Schneider (en) (22 Oktoba 2011 - 11 ga Augusta, 2014) |
| Yara | view
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| Ahali | Robert Williams (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Durham College (en) Redwood High School (en) 1969) College of Marin (en) : gidan wasan kwaikwayoDetroit Country Day School (en) Claremont McKenna College (en) : kimiyyar siyasaJuilliard School (en) (1973 - 1976) |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Malamai | Jeff Corey (mul) John Houseman (mul) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | stand-up comedian (en) , dan wasan kwaikwayon talabijin, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, jarumi, cali-cali, mai tsara fim, marubin wasannin kwaykwayo, audiobook narrator (en) , stage actor (en) , dan wasan kwaykwayo mai magana amma ba a ganin shi a fim, mime artist (en) da mawaƙi |
| Wurin aiki | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Kyaututtuka | gani
|
| Ayyanawa daga | gani
|
| Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Peter Sellers (mul) , Stanley Kubrick (mul) , Chuck Jones (mul) , Jack Paar (en) , Mel Brooks, Jonathan Winters (mul) , Richard Pryor (mul) , Spike Milligan (mul) da George Carlin (mul) |
| Mamba | SAG-AFTRA (mul) Screen Actors Guild (mul) |
| Jadawalin Kiɗa | Columbia Records (mul) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Episcopal Church (en) |
| IMDb | nm0000245 |
| robinwilliams.com | |
.jpg)
Robin McLaurin Williams (an haifeshi ranar 21 ga watan Yuli, 1951) dan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma dan wasan barkwanci na Amurka. An san shi da fasahar habaka sa da kuma nau'ikan haruffan da ya kirkira akan lokaci da kuma nuna su akan fim, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan barkwanci a kowane lokaci. Ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Kwalejin, Kyautar Emmy guda biyu na Primetime, Kyauta na Golden Globe guda shida, lambobin yabo na Guild Guild guda biyu, da Kyautar Grammy biyar. An haife shi a Birnin Chicago, Williams ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a San Francisco da Los Angeles a tsakiyar shekarun 1970, kuma ya fitar da kundin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa ciki har da Reality ...Gaskiya ...Menene ra'ayi a cikin 1980.[1] Ya zama sananne yana wasa da baƙon Mork a cikin sitcom na ABC Mork & Mindy (1978-1982). [2] Williams ya sami rawar fim dinsa ta farko a Popeye (1980). Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako don Good Will Hunting (1997). Sauran rawar da ya taka a Oscar sune Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Dead Poets Society (1989), da The Fisher King (1991).Williams ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa The World According to Garp (1982), Moscow on the Hudson (1984), Awakenings (1990), da World's Greatest Dad (2009), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Insomnia (2002) da One Hour Photo (2002). Hotunan fim dinsa da fina-finai na iyali sun hada da Hook (1991), Toys (1992), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Jumanji (1995), The Birdcage, Jack (duka 1996), Flubber (1997), Patch Adams (1998), RV (2006), da kuma Night at the Museum jerin (2006-2014). Ya ba da aikin murya a cikin fina-finai masu rai Aladdin (1992), Robots (2005), Happy Feet (2006), da Happy Feet Two (2011).A cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, Williams ya yi fama da matsanancin baƙin ciki kafin ya kashe kansa a shekarar 2014 yana da shekaru 63.[lower-alpha 1] A cewar gwauruwarsa, an gano Williams da Cutar Parkinson, kuma yana fama da baƙin ciki, damuwa, da karuwar paranoia.[1] Binciken jikinsa ya gano "rashin lafiyar jiki na Lewy" [1] wanda masu sana'a suka ce alamun sa sun dace da rashin hankali tare da jikin Lewy [2][3] A cikin makonni bayan kashe kansa, an yi bikin Williams a cikin guguwar yabo.
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Robin McLaurin Williams a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1951, [1][lower-alpha 1] a Chicago,_Illinois)" id="mwqA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Luke's Hospital (Chicago, Illinois)">Asibitin St. Luke a Chicago, Illinois. [2] Mahaifinsa, Robert Fitzgerald Williams (1906-1987), ya kasance babban jami'in zartarwa a cikin Ford's Lincoln-Mercury Division.[3][4] Mahaifiyarsa, Laurie McLaurin (1922-2001), tsohuwar samfurin ce daga Jackson, Mississippi, wanda kakansa sanata ne na Mississippi kuma gwamnan Anselm J. McLaurin. [5] Williams tana da 'yan uwa biyu: ɗan'uwa na uba, Robert (wanda aka fi sani da Todd), da ɗan'uwa, McLaurin. [6][7] Yayinda mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai aiki da Kimiyya ta Kirista, Williams ya girma ne a cikin bangaskiyar Episcopal ta mahaifinsa. [8][9] A lokacin wata hira ta talabijin A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ciki a shekara ta 2001, Williams ya yaba wa mahaifiyarsa a matsayin muhimmiyar tasiri na farko a kan jin daɗinsa, kuma ya ce ya yi ƙoƙari ya sa ta dariya don samun kulawa.[10]Williams ta halarci makarantar firamare ta jama'a a Gorton Elementary School a Lake Forest kuma daga baya Deer Path Junior High School . [1] Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin yaro mai shiru wanda bai shawo kan jin kunya ba har sai ya shiga cikin sashen wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar sakandare, yayin da abokai suka tuna da shi yana da ban dariya sosai.[2][1] A ƙarshen 1963, lokacin da Williams ke da shekaru 12, an tura mahaifinsa zuwa Detroit. Iyalin sun zauna a cikin gidan gona mai ɗakuna 40 a kan kadada 20 (8 [1] a cikin unguwar Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, inda Williams ta halarci makarantar Detroit Country Day School.[3][4] Ya yi fice a ilimi, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban aji, kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar kokawa ta makarantar, amma kuma an zalunta shi saboda nauyinsa kuma zai yi wasa a gida da kansa.[5]Tare da iyaye biyu suna aiki, Williams ta girma ne daga ma'aikaciyar iyalin, wacce ita ce babban abokinsa. Lokacin da Williams ke da shekaru 16, mahaifinsa ya yi ritaya da wuri kuma iyalin suka koma Tiburon, California.[1][2][3] Bayan tafiyarsu, Williams ta halarci Larkspur,_California)" id="mwAQY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Redwood High School (Larkspur, California)">Makarantar Sakandare ta Redwood da ke kusa da Larkspur. Williams ya bayyana makarantar a matsayin Gestalt; ya ci gaba da shiga kulob din wasan kwaikwayo, ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya fara taimakawa wajen bunkasa sha'awarsa ga zane-zane da nishaɗi.[4] A lokacin da ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1969, abokan karatunsa ne suka zabe shi "Mafi Girma Ba za a yi nasara ba" da kuma "Mafi Kyau".[5] Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare, Williams ya shiga Kwalejin Maza ta Claremont a Claremont, California, don nazarin kimiyyar siyasa; ya bar don neman wasan kwaikwayo. [1][6] Williams ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon shekaru uku a Kwalejin Marin, kwalejin al'umma a Kentfield, California. A cewar farfesa na wasan kwaikwayo na Kwalejin Marin, James Dunn, zurfin baiwar saurayin ya bayyana lokacin da aka jefa Williams a cikin Oliver! kamar yadda Fagin ya yi. Sau da yawa yakan yi amfani da shi a lokacin da yake cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo, yana barin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin tashin hankali.[7] Dunn ya kira matarsa bayan wani maimaitawa na baya don gaya mata Williams "zai zama wani abu na musamman".[7]A shekara ta 1973, Williams ta sami cikakken tallafin karatu a Makarantar Juilliard (Group 6, 1973-1976) a Birnin New York. Ya kasance daya daga cikin dalibai 20 da aka karɓa a cikin aji na farko, kuma Williams da Christopher Reeve su ne kawai biyu da John Houseman ya karɓa don Shirin Ci gaba na makarantar a wannan shekarar. Abokan aji na Williams sun hada da William Hurt da Mandy Patinkin . [1][2] A cewar mai ba da labari Jean Dorsinville, Franklyn Seales da Williams sun kasance abokan zama a Juilliard . [3] Reeve ya tuna da ra'ayinsa na farko game da Williams lokacin da suke sabbin dalibai a Juilliard: "Ya sa riguna masu laushi tare da sutura mai laushi kuma ya yi magana da mil a minti daya. Ban taɓa ganin makamashi mai yawa da ke cikin mutum ɗaya ba. Ya kasance kamar balloon da ba a ɗaure shi ba kuma nan da nan an sake shi. Na kalli tsoro yayin da ya kusan damuwa da bangon ɗakunan aji da hallways. In ce yana 'on' zai zama babban understatement".[2]Williams da Reeve suna da aji a cikin yaruka da Edith Skinner ta koyar, wanda Reeve ya ce yana daya daga cikin manyan malamai na duniya. A cewar Reeve, Williams ya rikice Skinner da ikonsa na yin aiki nan take a cikin karin magana daban-daban.[1]Malamin su na farko shi ne Michael Kahn, wanda "ya kasance daidai da wannan mutum dynamo".[1]Williams ya riga ya sami suna don zama mai ban dariya, amma Kahn ya soki ayyukansa a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo mai sauƙi. A cikin wani samarwa daga baya, Williams ya yi shiru ga masu sukar sa tare da aikin da ya samu a matsayin tsoho a cikin Tennessee Williams' Night of the Iguana . Reeve ya rubuta, "Shi ne kawai tsoho. Na yi mamakin aikinsa kuma na gode sosai cewa ƙaddara ta jefa mu tare".[1]Su biyu sun kasance abokai na kusa har zuwa mutuwar Reeve a shekara ta 2004. Abokantakarsu ta kasance kamar "yan uwa daga wata uwa," a cewar dan Williams Zak.[2]A lokacin rani na 1974 zuwa 1976, Williams ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a The Trident a Sausalito, California . [1] Ya bar Juilliard [2] a lokacin ƙaramin shekarunsa a shekara ta 1976, biyo bayan shawarar Houseman cewa makarantar ba ta da wani abu da za su iya koya masa. [3][4][5] Gerald Freedman, wani daga cikin malamansa a Juilliard, ya kira Williams "masu basira" kuma cewa tsarin horar da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na gargajiya na makarantar bai dace da shi ba; ga waɗanda suka san shi, bai zama abin mamaki ba cewa Williams ya bar.[6]Williams ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a yankin San Francisco Bay a shekara ta 1976. [1] Ayyukansa na farko ya faru ne a gidan zoo na Holy City, kulob din wasan kwaikwayo na San Francisco inda ya yi aiki daga mashaya.[2] A cikin shekarun 1960, San Francisco ya kasance cibiyar kiɗa na dutse, motsi na hippie, kwayoyi, da juyin juya halin jima'i. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970s, Williams ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abin da mai sukar Gerald Nachman ya bayyana a matsayin "rashin farfadowa na wasan kwaikwayo" [3]: 6 Da yake tunani game da wannan zamanin, Williams ya ce ya gano game da "magunguna da farin ciki" a wannan lokacin, ya kara da cewa ya ga "mafi kyawun kwakwalwa na lokacin ya juya zuwa laka".[4]Williams ya koma Los Angeles kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kungiyoyi, gami da Comedy Store. A can, a shekara ta 1977, mai gabatar da talabijin George Schlatter ya gan shi, wanda ya nemi ya bayyana a farfado da shirinsa Laugh-In . An nuna wasan kwaikwayon daga baya a wannan shekarar kuma ya nuna farkon talabijin na Williams.[4] A wannan shekarar, ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a LA Improv for Home Box Office.[5] Kodayake farfadowar Laugh-In ta gaza, ta buɗe ƙofofi ga aikin talabijin na Williams; ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a kungiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo kamar Roxy don taimakawa wajen ci gaba da ƙwarewarsa.[4][6] Williams ya kuma dauki aikinsa a kasashen waje kuma ya yi a Fighting Cocks a London.[7]David Letterman, wanda ya san Williams kusan kusan shekaru 40, ya tuna da ganin shi da farko yana aiki a matsayin sabon shiga a Comedy Store a Hollywood. Letterman, wanda ya riga ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin, ya bayyana isowar Williams a matsayin "kamar guguwa", yana cewa ya yi tunanin kansa, "Mai Tsarki, akwai damar da nake da ita a kasuwancin nunawa". [1]Matsayin fim na farko da Williams ya taka shi ne karamin ɓangare a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kasafin kuɗi na 1977 Can I Do It...Zan iya Yi hakan...'Til I Need Glasses?. Koyaya, aikinsa na farko ya kasance a matsayin mai taken a cikin Popeye (1980), inda Williams ya nuna ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo da aka nuna a baya a cikin aikin talabijin. Ba a zargi takaici na kasuwanci na fim din akan aikinsa ba.[2][3]Bayan farfadowar Laugh-In, kuma ya bayyana a cikin simintin The Richard Pryor Show a NBC, Garry Marshall ya jefa Williams a matsayin baƙon Mork a cikin 1978 Happy Days episode "My Favorite Orkan". [1] [2] An nemi shi a matsayin mai maye gurbin dan wasan kwaikwayo mai barin wasan kwaikwayo, Williams ya burge mai gabatarwa da jin daɗinsa lokacin da ya zauna a kansa lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya zauna don sauraron.[3] A matsayin Mork, Williams ya inganta yawancin tattaunawarsa da wasan kwaikwayo na jiki, yana magana da babbar murya, kuma ya yi mafi yawan rubutun. Masu jefawa da ma'aikata, da kuma shugabannin gidan talabijin, sun yi matukar sha'awar aikin Williams. Shugabannin sun yi sauri don sanya hannu kan Williams bayan kwana huɗu kafin masu fafatawa su iya ba da nasu tayin.[4]Bayyanar Mork ta shahara sosai tare da masu kallo cewa ya haifar da sitcom na talabijin mai suna Mork & Mindy, wanda ya hada da Pam Dawber, kuma ya gudana daga 1978 zuwa 1982; an rubuta wasan kwaikwayon don karɓar matsanancin saurin sa a cikin tattaunawa da halayensa. Kodayake ya nuna irin wannan hali kamar yadda yake a cikin Happy Days, an saita jerin a yanzu a Boulder, Colorado, maimakon ƙarshen 1950s a Milwaukee. Mork & Mindy a mafi girma yana da masu sauraro na mako-mako na miliyan sittin kuma an yaba da shi tare da juya Williams zuwa "superstar".[1] A tsakanin matasa, wasan kwaikwayon ya shahara sosai saboda Williams ya zama "mutum da yaro, mai tsayi, mai fuska, mai ba da ra'ayoyi mara iyaka", a cewar mai sukar James Poniewozik.[2]Mork ya zama sananne, an nuna shi a kan posters, littattafan launi, akwatunan abincin rana, da sauran kayayyaki.[1] Mork & Mindy ya kasance irin wannan nasara a farkon kakar da Williams ta bayyana a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1979, murfin mujallar Time.[2][3] Hoton murfin, wanda Michael Dressler ya ɗauka a 1979, an ce ya "[kama] bangarorin sa daban-daban: mai ban dariya yana satar kyamara, da kuma mai dadi, mai tunani wanda ya bayyana a kan karamin talabijin da yake riƙe da shi, a cewar Mary Forgione na Los Angeles Times . [4] An shigar da wannan hoton a cikin National Portrait Gallery a cikin Smithsonian Institution jim kadan bayan Williams ya mutu don ba da damar baƙi su ba da girmamawa.[4] Ya kuma bayyana a kan murfin ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 1979, na Rolling Stone, wanda Richard Avedon ya ɗauka.[5]Tare da nasarar da ya samu a kan Mork & Mindy, Williams ya fara kaiwa ga masu sauraro da yawa tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tsaye, wanda ya fara a ƙarshen 1970s da kuma cikin 1980s, gami da wasan kwaikwayo guda uku na HBO: Off The Wall (1978), An Evening with Robin Williams (1983), da A Night at the Met (1986). [1] Williams ya lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Kundin Comedy don rikodin wasan kwaikwayonsa na 1979 a Copacabana a Birnin New York, Reality ...Gaskiya ... Wane ra'ayi ne.Williams ta fito a matsayin jagora a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo mai suna The World According to Garp (1982), wanda ya lura cewa "watakila ba shi da wani hauka a kan allo, amma yana da babban tushe".[1] Mai sukar Roger Ebert ya rubuta game da aikinsa, "Ko da yake Robin Williams ya taka rawar Garp a matsayin mai sauƙin fahimta, wani lokacin mutum na yau da kullun, fim din bai taɓa damuwa da bambancin da ke tsakanin farin ciki da rikici da ke kewaye da shi ba. "[2]Williams ya ci gaba da fim din wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, Moscow on the Hudson (1984), inda ya taka rawar mawaƙin Rasha wanda ya sauya sheka zuwa Amurka. Ebert ya lura, "Robin Williams ne ke buga Rasha, wanda ya ɓace gaba ɗaya a cikin halin da yake da shi, mai ƙauna, mai rikitarwa wanda ya dace da shi a matsayin Rasha".[3] Yana da wasu ƙananan matsayi a fina-finai marasa nasara, kamar su The Survivors (1983), The Best of Times (1986) da Club Paradise (1986).A wata hira da mai sukar William Arnold a watan Yulin 1986, Williams ya ce, "Babban matsalar da nake da ita a fina-finai ita ce ni dan wasan kwaikwayo ne. Ba na son matsin lamba na ɗaukar labarin, don ci gaba da makircin. Ina tsammanin kawai ba na so in zama tauraron gaba. Wannan shine abin da ya ja hankalin ni zuwa Club Paradise. Masu samarwa suna da wahalar fahimtar hakan. Wannan ba ainihin abin da nake yi ba. Ba na so in kasance Bogart: Ba na so mu kasance Peter Lorre. [1] Ba za mu yi magana.Amma Williams daga baya ya ce waɗancan ƙananan matsayi a fina-finai kamar Club Paradise a ƙarshe bai taimaka wajen ci gaba da aikin fim ba.A shekara ta 1986, Williams ta kuma dauki bakuncin lambar yabo ta 58 ta Kwalejin.[1] A shekara mai zuwa, ya bayyana a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na musamman Carol, Carl, Whoopi da Robin (1987), yana aiki tare da Carol Burnett, Carl Reiner, da Whoopi Goldberg . Williams ya kuma kasance baƙo na yau da kullun a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa daban-daban, gami da The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson da Late Night tare da David Letterman, wanda ya bayyana sau 50. [2][3] Williams a ƙarshe ya sami rawar da ya taka a cikin darektan Barry Levinson's Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), wanda ya ba Williams gabatarwa don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor . [4] An shirya fim din ne a shekarar 1965 a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, tare da Williams yana taka rawar Adrian Cronauer, dan wasan rediyo wanda ke kula da sojoji da nishaɗi da wasan kwaikwayo da ba'a. An ba Williams damar taka rawar ba tare da rubutun ba, yana inganta mafi yawan layinsa. A kan makirufo, Williams ya kirkiro muryar murya na mutane daban-daban, ciki har da Walter Cronkite, Gomer Pyle, Elvis Presley, Mr. Ed, da Richard Nixon.[5] "Muna barin kyamarori su yi mirgina, "in ji furodusa Mark Johnson, kuma Williams "sun sami damar ƙirƙirar sabon abu ga kowane ɗaukar".[6]Williams ya bayyana a gaban Steve Martin a Lincoln Center a cikin wani shiri na Waiting for Godot a cikin 1988 . [1][2] A shekara ta 1989, ya taka rawar malamin Ingilishi na makarantar sakandare a cikin Dead Poets Society, wanda ya haɗa da wani yanayi na ƙarshe, wanda wasu masu sukar suka ce "ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ƙarni" kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya.[3] A cikin Awakenings (1990), ya taka rawar likita wanda aka tsara bayan Oliver Sacks, wanda ya rubuta littafin da fim din ya dogara da shi. Sacks daga baya ya ce yadda tunanin Williams ya yi aiki shine "wani nau'i na basira". Hakazalika, aikin Williams a matsayin mai warkarwa a cikin Good Will Hunting (1997) ya shafi har ma da wasu masu warkarwa na ainihi.[4] Williams ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Mai ba da tallafi don aikinsa.A shekara ta 1991, Williams ya buga wani babba Peter Pan a cikin fim din fantasy Hook, kodayake ya ce dole ne ya rasa fam 25 don rawar.[1] Hakazalika a shekarar 1995, ya buga Alan Parrish a fim din Jumanji . [2] Yawancin matsayinsa a wannan lokacin sun kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ko wasan kwaikwayo, gami da lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor wanda aka zaba a matsayin mutumin da ba shi da gida a cikin The Fisher King (1991), mai Abin wasa a cikin Toys (1992), mahaifin da ya sake aure wanda ke kwaikwayon mai kula da yara don haka zai iya ciyar da lokaci tare da 'ya'yansa a cikin Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), mutumin da aka tilasta yin aiki kai tsaye a cikin The Birdcage (1996), wani yaro wanda ya kai sau hudu fiye da yadda ya kamata a cikin Jack (1996), farfesa da yadda ya saba a cikin Flubber da haka Adams ya kamata ya yi amfani da su kuma ya kamata ya kamata ya zama kamar yadda ya kamata;[3] Terry Gilliam, wanda ya jagoranci Williams a cikin fina-finai biyu, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988) da The Fisher King (1991), ya ce a 1992 Williams yana da ikon "tafi daga mahaukaci zuwa haukaci zuwa mai tausayi da rauni ... [Williams yana da] tunani na musamman a duniya. Babu wanda ya fi son shi a can. "[4] Williams ya kuma bayyana haruffa a fina-finai da yawa. Ya ba da muryarsa ga FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992). A daya daga cikin sanannun rawar muryarsa, an rubuta halinsa a matsayin Genie a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Aladdin (1992) don Williams. Daraktocin fim din sun ce sun dauki hadari ta hanyar rubuta rawar.[1] Da farko, Williams ya ki taka rawar saboda fim ne na Disney kuma bai so ɗakin studio ya amfana ta hanyar sayar da kayayyaki bisa ga fim din ba. Williams ya yarda da rawar tare da wasu sharuɗɗa: "Ina yin hakan ne saboda ina so in kasance wani ɓangare na wannan al'adar motsa jiki. Ina son wani abu ga 'ya'yana. Ɗaya daga cikin yarjejeniya ita ce, ba na so in sayar da komai - kamar a cikin Burger King, kamar a cikin kayan wasa, kamar a ciki. "[2]Williams ya ba da yawancin tattaunawarsa, ya yi rikodin kusan awanni 30 na tef, kuma ya zama sanannun mutane da yawa, ciki har da Ed Sullivan, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Groucho Marx, Rodney Dangerfield, William F. Buckley Jr., Peter Lorre, Arnold Schwarzenegger, da Arsenio Hall. [3][4] Matsayin Williams a cikin Aladdin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sanannun da aka fi so, kuma fim ɗin ya kasance mafi girma a shekarar 1992; ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da Kyautar Golden Globe ta Musamman don Ayyukan Murya a Hoton Motsi ga Williams. Ayyukansa sun shirya hanya ga wasu fina-finai masu rai don haɗa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙarin ikon tauraron.[5] An kira Williams a matsayin Disney Legend a shekara ta 2009. [6]Due to Disney breaking an agreement with Williams regarding the use of the Genie in the advertising for Aladdin, he refused to sign for the direct-to-video sequel, The Return of Jafar (1994); the Genie was instead voiced by Dan Castellaneta. When Jeffrey Katzenberg was replaced by Joe Roth as Walt Disney Studios chairman, Roth organized a public apology to Williams.[1] He would, in turn, reprise the role in the second sequel, Aladdin and the King of Thieves (1996).[2] Other dramatic performances by Williams include Kenneth Branagh's version of Hamlet (1996), What Dreams May Come (1998), and Bicentennial Man (1999).[3] Williams appeared with fellow comedian, Billy Crystal, in an unscripted cameo at the beginning of a 1997 episode of the third season of Friends.[4] Da yake duban mafi yawan fina-finai na Williams, wani marubuci ya "yi mamakin faɗin" da bambancin mafi yawan rawar da Williams ya nuna.[1] Daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suka taimaka wa Williams a lokacin aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo, ya yaba wa Robert De Niro, wanda Williams ya koyi ikon shiru da tattalin arzikin tattaunawa yayin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga Dustin Hoffman, wanda Williams ya yi aiki tare da shi a cikin Hook, ya koyi ɗaukar nau'ikan halaye daban-daban, da kuma canza halayensa ta hanyar shiri mai tsanani. Mike Medavoy, furodusa na Hook, ya gaya wa darektan sa, Steven Spielberg, cewa ya haɗu da Hoffman da Williams don fim din saboda ya san suna so su yi aiki tare, kuma Williams ya yi maraba da damar yin aiki tare da Spielberg.[2] Samun Woody Allen, wanda ya ba da umarni da shi da Billy Crystal a cikin Deconstructing Harry (1997), ya taimaka wa Williams. Allen ya san cewa Crystal da Williams sun yi aiki tare sau da yawa a kan mataki.[3]Williams ita ce mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa don Audible wanda aka watsa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2000 kuma ana samun sa ne kawai a shafin yanar gizon Audible.[1][2] A farkon shekarun 2000, Williams ya nuna sabon matsayi na sa ta hanyar taka rawar duhu fiye da yadda yake da shi a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. A cikin Insomnia (2002), Williams ya nuna wani mai kisan kai a kan gudu daga wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Los Angeles (wanda Al Pacino ya buga) a yankunan karkara na Alaska.[3] A wannan shekarar, a cikin hoton tunani mai ban tsoro One Hour Photo, Williams ya nuna wani mai kula da ci gaban hoto wanda ke fama da damuwa da iyali wanda ya samar da hotuna na dogon lokaci.[4] A cikin tarihin kimiyyar fiction na 2004 mai suna The Final Cut, Williams ya taka leda a matsayin kwararre wanda ya kware wajen gyara tunanin mutanen da ba su da kyau a cikin abubuwan tunawa da ba a san su ba waɗanda ake buga su a jana'iza. Yawancin bayyanarsa a talabijin sun haɗa da wani labari na Whose Line Is It Anyway?Wanene Layin Yana Duk da haka?, kuma Williams ta fito a cikin wani labari na Law & Order: Special Victims Unit .[5] Ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na mutum ɗaya, Robin Williams: Live on Broadway, wanda aka buga a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway a watan Yulin 2002. [6]Ayyukan Williams sun kasance madaidaiciya a duk lokacin da yake aiki, kamar yadda aka gani ta hanyar nasarar wasan kwaikwayon mutum ɗaya (da DVD na gaba), Robin Williams: Live on Broadway (2002). A shekara ta 2004, an zabi Williams a matsayi na 13 a jerin Comedy Central na "100 Mafi Girma na Duk Lokaci". Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya kasance Baƙo mai ban mamaki a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, [1] kuma ya bayyana a wani labari na Extreme Makeover: Home Edition wanda aka watsa a ranar 30 ga Janairu. [2] Bayan hutu na shekaru shida, a watan Agustan 2008, Williams ta sanar da sabon yawon shakatawa na birni 26, Weapons of Self-Destruction . Gidan yawon shakatawa ya fara ne a ƙarshen Satumba 2009, kuma ya ƙare a New York a ranar 3 ga Disamba, kuma ya kasance batun HBO na Musamman a ranar 8 ga Disamba.[3]Shekaru bayan fina-finai, Janet Hirshenson ta bayyana a cikin wata hira cewa Williams ta nuna sha'awar nuna Rubeus Hagrid a cikin jerin fina-falla na Harry Potter, amma darektan Chris Columbus ya ƙi shi saboda "doka ta Burtaniya kawai".[1] A shekara ta 2006, Williams ta fito a fina-finai biyar, ciki har da RV, wasan kwaikwayo na tafiya na iyali, Man of the Year, satire na siyasa, da The Night Listener, mai ban tsoro game da mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo wanda ya fahimci cewa yaro wanda ya haɓaka abota da shi bazai wanzu ba.[2] Ya buga Theodore Roosevelt a cikin fina-finai na Night at the Museum (2006-2014). [2] A shekara ta 2009, ya fito a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na duniya mai girma, da kuma fim din wasan kwaikwayon Old Dogs .[2] Williams ya ci gaba da samar da muryoyi a wasu fina-finai masu rai, gami da halin holographic Dr. Know a cikin fim din rayuwa na AI Artificial Intelligence (2001), da kuma rawar murya a cikin Robots (2005), Kyautar fim din Happy Feet (2006-2011), da kuma aikin murya da ba a san shi ba a cikin Everyone's Hero (2006). Williams ita ce muryar The Timekeeper, tsohon jan hankali a Walt Disney World Resort game da wani robot mai tafiya na lokaci wanda ya sadu da Jules Verne kuma ya kawo shi zuwa nan gaba.[3]A shekara ta 2010, Williams ya bayyana a cikin wani zane tare da Robert De Niro a ranar Asabar da dare, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2012, ya zama baƙo a matsayin kansa a cikin jerin FX guda biyu, Louie da Wilfred . [1] Williams ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway a cikin Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger a gidan zoo na Baghdad, wanda aka buɗe a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Richard Rodgers a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2011. Don rawar da ya taka, an zabi Williams don Kyautar Drama League don Kyakkyawan Mai wasan kwaikwayo.[2] A shekara ta 2013, ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Lee Daniels The Butler a matsayin Shugaba Dwight D. Eisenhower . [3] A watan Satumbar 2013, CBS ta fara sabon jerin, The Crazy Ones, tare da Williams, wanda aka soke bayan kakar wasa daya. [4][5] Mutumin da ya fi fushi a Brooklyn shine fim dinsa na karshe da aka saki a lokacin rayuwarsa. A cikin fim din, Williams ya buga Henry Altmann, wani mutum mai fushi, mai fushi wanda ke ƙoƙarin canza rayuwarsa bayan an gaya masa cewa yana da rashin lafiya mai tsanani.[6] An saki fina-finai huɗu da Williams suka fito bayan mutuwarsa a cikin 2014: Dare a Gidan Tarihi: Asirin Kabari, Kirsimeti mai farin ciki, Boulevard, da Absolutely Anything.[7]Bayan dangantaka ta rayuwa tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci, da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Elayne Boosler, [1] Williams ya auri 'yar wasan Valerie Velardi a 1978, wanda ya sadu da shi shekaru biyu da suka gabata yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai shayarwa a gidan cin abinci na San Francisco. An haifi ɗansu, Zachary Pym, a shekara ta 1983.[2] Velardi da Williams sun sake aure a shekarar 1988.[3]Duk da yake an ruwaito a shekarar 1986 cewa Williams ya fara wani al'amari tare da mai kula da Zachary, Marsha Garces, [1] Velardi ya bayyana a cikin shirin 2018, Robin Williams: Come Inside My Mind, cewa dangantakar da Garces ta fara ne bayan sun rabu. [2] Williams ta auri Garces a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1989, lokacin da take da ciki na watanni shida tare da ɗansu na farko, Zelda Rae (an haife ta a shekara ta 1989). Sun haifi ɗansu na biyu, Cody Alan, a cikin 1991. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, Garces ya shigar da kara don saki daga Williams, yana mai nuna bambance-bambance marasa daidaituwa.[3][4] An kammala saki a shekarar 2010. [5]A shekara ta 2011, Williams ta auri mai zane-zane Susan Schneider, kuma sun kasance suna da aure har zuwa mutuwarsa.[1][2] Sun zauna a gidansu a Sea Cliff, San Francisco, California.[3] Williams ya ce, "Ya'yana suna ba ni babban jin dadi. Don ganin su ci gaba cikin waɗannan mutane masu ban mamaki
Abubuwan da sukeso
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Birnin New York, Williams ya kasance wani ɓangare na kulob din 'yan tseren YMCA na West Side kuma ya nuna sakamako mai kyau tare da minti 34:21 a tseren 10K a Central Park a 1975. [1] Littattafan da ya fi so sune The Foundation Trilogy: Foundation (1951), Foundation and Empire (1952), da Second Foundation (1953) na Isaac Asimov, kuma littafin da ya fi son tun yana yaro shine The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950), wanda daga baya ya raba tare da 'ya'yansa. [2][3]Williams ƙwararren mai magana da Faransanci ne.[1] Ya sami damar isar da tunaninsa na ban dariya da wasan kwaikwayo a Faransanci kusan yadda zai iya a Turanci. [1] [2]Williams ta ji daɗin wasannin wasan kwaikwayo da wasannin bidiyo.[1][2][3] An sanya wa 'yarsa Zelda suna bayan Princess Zelda daga The Legend of Zelda, jerin wasannin bidiyo da aka fi so na iyali, kuma Williams wani lokacin ana yin wasan kwaikwayo na nishaɗin mabukaci.[4][5][6]Williams ya kasance mai sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo da adadi masu tarawa. 'Yarsa ta bayyana shi a matsayin "mai tara kayan kwalliya"; daya daga cikin siffofinsa shine halin Deunan Knute daga fim din anime na 2004 Appleseed, wanda Williams ya kasance mai sha'awarsa. Ya kuma ji daɗin fim din anime na 2004 Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence . [1][2]Williams ya zama mai sha'awar keke, bayan ya ɗauki shi a wani ɓangare a matsayin maye gurbin kwayoyi. Ya tara babban tarin keke kuma ya zama mai sha'awar sana'ar keken keke, sau da yawa yana tafiya zuwa abubuwan da suka faru na tsere kamar Tour de France . [1][2] A cikin 2016, 'ya'yan Williams sun ba da gudummawa 87 daga cikin kekunansa don tallafawa Gidauniyar 'Yan wasa da Gidauniyoyin Christopher & Dana Reeve . [3]Williams ya girma kuma wani lokacin ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Episcopalian. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun, Williams ya bayyana addininsa kamar haka: "Ina da wannan ra'ayin Chicago Protestant, Episcopal - hasken Katolika: rabin addini, rabin laifi. "[1]Ya kuma bayyana kansa a matsayin "Yahudawa mai daraja".[2]A shekara ta 1986, Williams ta haɗu da Whoopi Goldberg da Billy Crystal don kafa Comic Relief USA. Wannan fa'idar talabijin ta HBO ta shekara-shekara da aka sadaukar da ita ga marasa gida ta tara dala miliyan 80 tun daga shekarar 2014.[1] Bob Zmuda, mahaliccin Comic Relief, ya bayyana cewa Williams ya ji albarka saboda ya fito ne daga gida mai arziki, amma yana so ya yi wani abu don taimakawa wadanda ba su da sa'a.[2] Williams ta yi amfani da bayyanar don tallafawa karatu da rubutu da haƙƙin mata, tare da bayyana a fa'idodi ga tsoffin sojoji. Ya kasance na yau da kullun a zagaye na USO, inda Williams ya yi tafiya zuwa kasashe 13 kuma ya yi aiki ga kusan sojoji 90,000.[3] Bayan mutuwarsa, USO ta gode wa Williams "don duk abin da ya yi wa maza da mata na sojojinmu".[4]Williams da matarsa ta biyu Marsha sun kafa wata kungiya mai ba da agaji da ake kira Windfall Foundation don tara kuɗi ga kungiyoyin agaji da yawa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, ya raira waƙa a Faransanci a bidiyon kiɗa na BBC na shahararrun duniya suna yin murfin Rolling Stones na 1974 "It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It) " don sadaka Children's Promise . [1]A mayar da martani ga girgizar kasa ta Canterbury ta 2010, Williams ya ba da gudummawar duk abin da ya samu daga aikinsa na Weapons of Self Destruction Christchurch don taimakawa sake gina birnin New Zealand. Rabin kuɗin da aka samu an ba da gudummawa ga Red Cross da rabi ga asusun ginin magajin gari.[1] Williams ta yi aiki tare da USO don sojojin Amurka da ke zaune a Iraki da Afghanistan.[2] Shekaru da yawa, Williams ta goyi bayan Asibitin Binciken Yara na St. Jude.[3]A ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s, Williams ya sha wahala ga cocaine.[1][2] Ya kasance aboki na yau da kullun na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Asabar Night Live John Belushi, kuma ya yi biki tare da shi a daren da Belushi ya mutu daga shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a 1982.[3] Abin mamaki na mutuwar Belushi, tare da haihuwar ɗansa Zak, ya sa Williams ya zama mai hankali: "Shin kira ne na farkawa? Oh yeah, a babban matakin. Babban juri ya taimaka, ma. "[1]Williams ya juya zuwa motsa jiki da keken keke don taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙa baƙin cikinsa bayan mutuwar Belushi; a cewar mai shagon keken Tony Tom, Williams ya ce "ƙwallon keke ya ceci rayuwata".[4][5][6]A shekara ta 2003, Williams ta sake yin amfani da barasa yayin samar da fim din The Big White (2005) a Alaska . [1] A shekara ta 2006, ya shiga cibiyar gyarawa ta amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a Newberg, Oregon.[2][3] Shekaru bayan haka, Williams ya yarda da gazawarsa na ci gaba da kasancewa mai natsuwa, amma ya ce bai sake komawa yin amfani da cocaine ba, yana cewa a cikin wata hira ta 2010: "Cocaine - paranoid da impotent, abin farin ciki. Babu wani abu da na yi tunani, ooh, bari mu koma wannan. Tattaunawa mara amfani har zuwa tsakar dare, farkawa da asuba yana jin kamar vampire a rana".[4]A tsakiyar shekara ta 2014, an shigar da Williams a Cibiyar Kula da Magunguna ta Hazelden Foundation a Cibiyar Birni, Minnesota, kuma don maye.[5]A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, an kwantar da Williams a asibiti saboda matsalolin zuciya. Ya jinkirta yawon shakatawa na mutum ɗaya don tiyata don maye gurbin bawul dinsa na aortic, [1] gyara bawul din mitral kuma ya gyara bugun zuciyarsa mara kyau. [2] An kammala aikin tiyata a ranar 13 ga Maris, 2009, a asibitin Cleveland.[3]Mai tallata Williams, Mara Buxbaum, ya yi sharhi cewa yana da matsanancin baƙin ciki kafin mutuwarsa.[1] Matarsa, Susan Schneider, ta ce a lokacin da ya mutu, Williams ya kasance mai natsuwa amma an gano shi da Cutar Parkinson ta farko, wanda bai bayyana a fili ba.[2][3] Binciken gawa ya nuna cewa Williams yana da Jikin Lewy, wanda ba a gano shi ba a matsayin Parkinson, kuma wannan na iya taimakawa ga baƙin ciki. [4][5][6]A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a cikin mujallar Neurology shekaru biyu bayan mutuwarsa, Schneider ya bayyana cewa likitoci da yawa sun bayyana cututtukan Lewy a cikin Williams a matsayin daga cikin mafi munin cututtuken da suka gani. Ta bayyana alamun farko na cutar a farkon watan Oktoba 2013. Yanayin farko na Williams ya haɗa da tsananin Tsorowa, damuwa, damuwa, da rashin barci, wanda ya kara tsanani kuma ya haɗa da asarar ƙwaƙwalwa, paranoia, da yaudara. A cewar Schneider, "Robin yana rasa hankalinsa kuma yana sane da shi ... Ya ci gaba da cewa, 'Ina so in sake farawa da kwakwalwata.'"[1] Williams died at his Paradise Cay, California, home on August 11, 2014.[1] His cause of death was declared as suicide by hanging amid Lewy body dementia (LBD) and other associated factors.[2][3] Describing the disease as "the terrorist inside my husband's brain", Schneider said that "however you look at it—the presence of Lewy bodies took his life", referring to his previous diagnosis of Parkinson's.[4] She noted "how we as a culture don't have the vocabulary to discuss brain disease in the way we do about depression. Depression is a symptom of LBD and it's not about psychology – it's rooted in neurology. His brain was falling apart."[5] Medical experts had earlier struggled to determine a cause, and had eventually diagnosed him with Parkinson's disease.[4]The Lewy Body Dementia Association (LBDA) ya bayyana bambancin tsakanin kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin rahoton binciken gawawwakin Williams, "diffuse Lewy body dementia", wanda aka fi sani da "diffuse lewy body disease", kuma yana nufin tsarin cutar - da kuma kalmar laima, "Lewy body demencia" - wanda ya ƙunshi duka cutar Parkinson's dementia (PDD) da Dementia tare da jikin Lewy (DLB). [1] A cewar mai magana da yawun LBDA Dennis Dickson, "Rahoton ya tabbatar da cewa ya fuskanci baƙin ciki, damuwa, da paranoia, wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin cutar Parkinson ko rashin hankali tare da jikin Lewy. ... A farkon PD, jikin Lewy yana da iyaka a rarraba, amma a cikin DLB, jikin Lews suna yaduwa a ko'ina cikin kwakwalwa, kamar yadda ya faru da Robin Williams. "[1] Ian G. McKeith, farfesa kuma mai bincike na Lewy body dementias, ya ce DLB ta bayyana alamun Williams da binciken autopsy.[2] An ƙonewa jikin Williams a Monte's Chapel of the Hills a San Anselmo, kuma an watsar da toka a kan San Francisco Bay a ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2014 . [3][4]Bayan da aka sanar da mutuwar Williams, kafofin watsa labarai sun buga yabo da danginsa da abokan hulɗarsa suka rubuta, ciki har da Susan Schneider, Marsha Garces Williams, Zelda Williams, [1] da Russell Brand. [2] Sauran masu zane-zane da shahararrun mutane da yawa sun ba da yabo ga jama'a a kan kafofin sada zumunta.[3] Shugaba Barack Obama ya fitar da wata sanarwa jim kadan bayan mutuwar Williams:A lokacin mutuwarsa, Williams ya shirya ya bayyana a matsayin baƙo na musamman na "Blackmail" don dare na ƙarshe na Monty Python na kwanaki goma a London tare da abokinsa Eric Idle amma an soke shi, yana mai nuna mummunan baƙin ciki.[1] An sadaukar da bidiyon gidan wasan kwaikwayon ga Williams.[1]A lokacin bude Ranar Matasa ta Duniya a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Mataimakin Sakatare Janar Thomas Gass ya tsaya a kan kujera na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho kuma ya nakalto daya daga cikin layin Keating daga Dead Poets Society: "Ya yi wuya a kalli abubuwa a wata hanya daban!". [1] Yawancin magoya baya sun ba da yabo ga Williams a kan kafofin sada zumunta tare da hotuna da bidiyo na Dead Poets Society's "O Captain! My Captain!" scene.[2]Shortly after Williams's death, Disney Channel, Disney XD, and Disney Junior aired Aladdin commercial-free over the course of a week, with a dedicated drawing of the Genie at the end of each airing before the credits.[1] In honor of his theater work, the lights of Broadway were darkened for the evening of August 14.[2] That night, the cast of the Aladdin musical joined the audience in a sing-along of "Friend Like Me", an Oscar-nominated song originally performed by Williams.[3]