Sharar da akan samu a amurka

Sharar da akan samu a amurka

Rukunin ƙaƙƙarfan sharar da aka samar a cikin Amurka, 1960 zuwa 2014

A matsayin al'umma, Amurkawa suna samar da sharar gida fiye da kowace al'umma a duniya, bisa hukuma tare da 4.4 pounds (2.0 kg) na sharar gida (MSW) kowane mutum kowace rana, tare da wani binciken da aka kiyasta 7.1 pounds (3.2 kg) a kowace rana. Kashi kusan 55 cikin 100 na wannan sharar ana bayar da ita ne a matsayin sharar gida, yayin da sauran kashi arba'in da biyar na sharar gida a cikin 'rabobin sharar Amurka' sun fito ne daga masana'antu, tallace-tallace, da kasuwancin kasuwanci a cikin tattalin arzikin Amurka. Dangane da bayanan mallakar da aka fitar ga jama'a, an saka sunan Nevada a matsayin "Mafi ɓarna Jiha" na Amurka na shekaru 2005-2010; Inda kowane mazaunin ya jefar da fiye da fam 14 na abubuwan da ba a sake sarrafa su ba, ba a sake amfani da su ba, galibi suna ƙarewa zuwa wuraren sharar ƙasa da incinerators a kowace rana, fam takwas sama da matsakaicin jifa na yau da kullun na jihar. Jihohin “Wasteful” Michigan, New Mexico, Wisconsin da Oregon da kuma Washington suma sun mamaye jerin shekaru 5.

Ma'anoni

Ana iya bayyana sharar gida dabam a cikin dokoki da ƙa'idodin gwamnatin tarayya ko jihohi ɗaya. Take 40 na kundin dokokin tarayya da ke kula da kare muhalli ya ƙunshi aƙalla ma'anoni daban-daban na sharar gida huɗu a sashe na 60.111b, 61.341, 191.12 da 704.83. Ma'anar ma'anar na iya yin amfani da su gabaɗaya zuwa ga ƙarfi, ruwa, da sifofin gaseous ko ƙila su keɓance ga ɗaya ko juzu'i da aka gano ta sifa mai ƙima kamar guba ko aikin rediyo . Kuma Yin watsi da, fitarwa, ko zubarwa (sabanin tallace-tallace ) sau da yawa buƙatu ne don ganowa azaman sharar gida, kodayake ana iya haɗa kayan da aka adana ko sake fa'ida a cikin wasu ma'anoni; kuma waɗannan ma'anoni na iya rage zaɓuɓɓukan sake yin amfani da su. Ƙididdigar ƙididdige sharar na iya zama da wahala idan kayan sharar an narke da gangan a cikin hanyar sarrafawa ko zubar da su (kamar shafe sharar tsafta da ruwa mai tsafta yayin aikin zubar da bayan gida . ) Dilution na iya cire abu daga ma'anar sharar gida ta hanyar rage yawan abubuwan da ke ƙasa da ƙayyadadden ma'anar guba ko kofa na aikin rediyo.

Sharar gida

Sharar gida ta zama matsala mai girma a Amurka. A kowace shekara, kusan sama da tan miliyan 3.2 na sharar lantarki ana sakawa a cikin wuraren sharar gida na Amurka. Babban yanki na wannan sharar lantarki shine kwamfutoci, na'urori, da talabijin. Sama da kwamfutoci miliyan 100, na'urorin saka idanu, da talabijin ana zubar da su kowace shekara a cikin Amurka Ko da yake akwai ɗimbin sharar lantarki a Amurka, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta gano cewa a cikin shekarar 2009 kusan kusan kashi 25% na duk sharar lantarki. ana sake yin fa'ida a Amurka. Kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na karafa da ake samu a matsugunan shara na Amurka sun fito ne daga na'urorin lantarki. Kashe duk wannan sharar lantarki yana da illa ga muhalli, da kuma tattalin arzikin duniya.

Tasirin muhalli

Sharar gida ta zama matsala mai tsanani ga zaman lafiyar muhalli a ƙasar Amurka. A tsawon shekaru, gwamnati ta kara shiga cikin wannan batu. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a Ofishin Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka na Rahoton Kare Albarkatu da Farfaɗo na shekarata 2009, bayan an siya da amfani da samfuran lantarki, an raba su gida biyu. Ana tattara rukuni ɗaya na kayan lantarki don sake amfani da su, yayin da ɗayan kuma zubarwa ne. Bayan haka, samfuran da ake zubarwa galibi ana saka su a cikin wuraren sharar ƙasa, kuma sauran na'urorin lantarki waɗanda aka tattara don sake amfani da su ana sabunta su, sake amfani da su, ko amfani da su don kayan aiki. Hans Tammemagi, marubucin The Waste Crisis, yayi magana game da mummunan tasirin da sharar gida ke da shi a kan muhalli. Kusan kashi 20 cikin 100 na duk sharar da ake samu a Amurka ana kona shi, yayin da sauran kuma ake saka shi a wuraren da ake zubar da shara. Wannan ya bar kusan kashi 80% na sharar da ake cinyewa a Amurka ana sanyawa cikin wuraren sharar ƙasa. Daga cikin wannan kashi 80% na sharar gida, yawancin wannan sharar gida ne na lantarki.

Daga fitilun fitilu zuwa batura na gida na kowa, kowane yanki na lantarki da aka samu a cikin wuraren shara yana dauke da wani nau'in karfe. Daya daga cikin karafa da aka fi amfani da su wajen sharar lantarki shine gubar. Ana Kuma samun gubar a yawancin batura, a cikin nau'in gubar-acid, kuma ana samunta a cikin CRTs (cathode ray tube). Kuma Ana amfani da waɗannan bututu da farko a cikin allon talabijin, da kuma na'urorin kwamfuta. Tun da yawancin talabijin, na'urorin kula da kwamfuta, da batura suna sanya su a cikin wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa wanda ke nufin cewa yawancin wuraren da aka kwashe suna da adadin gubar dalma a cikinsu, wanda ke da haɗari ga yanayin gida. Wannan shi ne saboda gubar, kamar mafi yawan abubuwa masu haɗari sosai waɗanda ke cikin rumbun ƙasa, na iya shiga cikin ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa. Kasancewa da babban matakin gubar na iya haifar da al'amuran kiwon lafiya daban-daban kamar su cutar jini da kwakwalwa, suma, da kuma a lokuta masu tsanani har ma da mutuwa. gubar ba ita ce kawai ƙarfe mai haɗari ba a cikin wuraren sharar ƙasa na Amurka. Misali, mercury, beryllium, da chromium wasu nau’in karafa ne da ke cikin matsugunan shara namu wadanda ke da matukar hadari ga muhalli, da kuma lafiyar dan Adam.

Ciniki

Maimaitawar ba shine kawai batun da ke tattare da illolin lantarki ba. Har ila yau, tattalin arziki da cinikayyar albarkatun kasa na taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin tattalin arziki na sharar lantarki. Kuma A cikin mujallar yanar gizo Chemosphere, Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer da Michael L. Clement sun yi iƙirarin a cikin labarinsu, "Leaded Electronic Waste is a Material Material for Lead-contaminated Jewelry" cewa yawancin sharar lantarki, wanda aka samar a Amurka. Ana fitar da shi zuwa ƙasashen Asiya da yawa, kuma musamman ƙasar China, don dawo da kayan aiki . Wannan shi ne saboda tattalin arzikin kasar Sin yana karuwa cikin sauri, kuma sun haifar da bukatar albarkatun kasa, wadanda ke fitowa daga sharar lantarki da ƙasar Amurka ke samarwa.

Bayan an aika da shi zuwa kasar Sin, ana cire sharar lantarki daga sassa a cikin kananan tarurruka na kasar Sin. Saboda yawancin sharar lantarki suna da abubuwa masu haɗari, musamman ma karafa masu haɗari, wannan yana haifar da yanayin aiki mai haɗari ga mutanen da ke aiki a kan cire kayan lantarki don kayan gyara. Kasar Sin ba ta da ka'idojin muhalli masu tsauri, don haka sharar lantarki da aka shigo da ita daga Amurka, wanda ba a cire shi don kayan gyara ba, yana ƙarewa a cikin manyan juji a yankunan jama'a. Wannan yana haifar da yanayi mai matukar haɗari ga mutanen da ke zaune kusa da waɗannan juji. Sannan Kuma An sami lokuta daban-daban da mutane, da farko yara, sun kamu da rashin lafiya, ko ma sun mutu saboda fallasa duk wani abu mai haɗari da aka samu a cikin sharar gida a China. Babban dalilin da ya sa Amurka ke sayar da mafi yawan sharar ta na lantarki zuwa wasu kasashe don girbi albarkatun kasa shi ne matsalar muhalli. Littafin, Lantarki Waste: EPA Yana Bukatar Yafi Sarrafa Harm Mummunan Fitar da Amurka ta hanyar Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Ƙa'idar Ƙarfafa, na John B. Stephenson, ya Kuma tattauna batutuwan muhalli da tattalin arziki na sharar lantarki a Amurka. A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, gwamnatin Amurka ta amince da batun muhalli da matsugunan shara ke haifarwa, sannan kuma ta kasance tana ƙirƙiro hani kan sharar ƙasar Amurka. Ko da yake wannan na iya haifar da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali a cikin ƙasar Amurka, ya zama babban batun muhalli da lafiya a cikin ƙasashen da ake jigilar dattin lantarki.

Duba wasu abubuwan

• Sharar gida mai haɗari a Amurka
• Sake amfani da su a Amurka
• San Francisco Dole ne Sake yin amfani da Dokokin Taki
• Sharar gida

Manazarta

• Sharar gida a EPA
• Municipal Solid Sharar gida a EPA
• Database Tarin Sharan Amurka | Trashdb.com