Yancin Kimiyya da Al'adu

Yancin Kimiyya Da Al'adu
economic, social and cultural rights (en)

Yancin kimiyya da al'adu na ɗaya daga cikin haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewar al'umma da al'adu da ake da'awa a cikin sanarwar Rightsan Adam ta Duniya da takardun da ke da nasaba da dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya . Ta fahiimtar cewa kowa na da 'yancin shiga cikin al'adu, cikin' yanci (ya shiga tare da cin gajiyar hakan) kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma kariya ga marubuta .

Ganewa a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa

An bayyana haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu a cikin Mataki na 27 na Sanarwar ofan Adam na Duniya :

Hakkin kimiyya da al'adu ya bayyana a cikin Mataki na 15 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu :

Abubuwan da suka shafi ra'ayoyi da rarrabawa

Hakkin mallakar kimiyya da al'adu galibi ana raba shi zuwa hakkoki kamar su "haƙƙin shiga al'adun gargajiya" ko "haƙƙin shiga al'adu" ko "haƙƙin al'adu," da "'yancin cin gajiyar kimiyya da aikace-aikace "ko" 'yancin cin gajiyar kimiyya "ko"' yancin ilimin kimiyya "ko" 'yancin rabawa a cikin kimiyya ".

Ana iya amfani da kalmar "haƙƙin al'adu" a ƙalla a hanyoyi uku. Mafi yawancin su ana amfani dasu don komawa ga manufar da aka kiyaye ta Mataki na 15 na Yarjejeniyar Duniya akan Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu, wanda ke tabbatarwa da tsirarun thean tsirarun toancin yin aiki da kiyaye yarukan su, addinan su, hanyoyin fasaha, da hanyoyin rayuwa. Kuma a madadin haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar "haƙƙin al'adu" don haɗa dukan haƙƙin tsiraru da haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu, waɗanda ke da asali guda ɗaya a cikin Mataki na ashirin da bakwai 27 na Sanarwar Duniya. Har ma a fili, "haƙƙin al'adu" na iya nufin babban rukuni na haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, wanda za a iya fahimtar ma'anar haƙƙin kimiyya da al'ada da haƙƙin ilimi da sauran haƙƙoƙi, kamar kariya na marubuta.

'' Hakkin ilimin kimiyya '' ya hada dukan 'yancin shiga cikin kimiyya (aikin) da kuma' yancin isa ga bangaren ilimi ('fa'ida' ko 'ci gaba') wannan sakamakon kimiyya ne.

Fassarar malamai da bayar da shawarwari

Duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da aka samo a cikin sanarwar Jami'ar Adam na Duniya game da haƙƙin ɗan Adam suna buƙatar aiwatar da fassara don manyan ka'idoji zuwa takamaiman wajibai na ƙasa. Wannan yana faruwa ta hanyar aiwatar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kotunan kasa. Tsarin yana da tasiri sosai daga masana haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam .

Hakkokin da aka samo a cikin Mataki na ashirin da bakwai 27 a wasu hanyoyi sun kasance a wani ɗan matakin na farko a wannan aikin, sabanin sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam kamar haƙƙin lafiya ko haƙƙin neman ilimi wanda tuni aka gabatar da shi a ƙarin bayani da kai ƙara. Hakkin mallakar marubuta ya ci gajiyar ci gaban ƙaƙƙarfan doka.

Ka'idojin gama gari na duniya don amfani da hakkin ilimin kimiyya an tsara su ta wata yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ake kira domin Shawarwarin akan wasu Masana Kimiyya, wanda wasu gwamnatocin 195 da suka hadu a Paris suka amince da shi a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2017, bayan shekaru hudu da yij wasu shawarwarin duniya.

Wasu mawallafa musamman masu aiki a wannan yankin sun haɗa da: Samantha Besson, Audrey R. Chapman, Yvonne Donders, Laurence Helfer, Lea Shaver, William Schabas, Jessica Wyndham, da Peter Yu.

Kungiyar kasar amruka (kasar Amirka don Ci Gaban Kimiyyar tana aiki cikin bayar da shawarwari game da 'yancin kimiyya da al'adu, tare da mai da hankali kan hakkokin da nauyin masanan kimiyya.

Fassara ta hukuma

Kwamitin kan Hakkoki na Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya ba da Babban Magana guda biyu wanda ke fassara wasu ɓangarori na haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu kamar yadda ya zo a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Jama'a da Al'adu (ICESCR) Janar Sharhi 17 da Janar Sharhi 21. Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman a Fannin Hakkokin Al'adu, Farida Shaheed, ta yi magana a kan haƙƙin kimiyya da al'adu a cikin rahotanni da yawa tsakanin shekaru na 2010 da 2015.

A Babban Taron UNESCO a shekarar 2017, wasu jihohin 195 sun amince da yarjejeniya ba tare da kauracewa ka'idojin duniya da suka shafi hakkin kimiyya ba, a cikin Shawarwarin kan Masana Kimiyya da Masana Kimiyya, wanda ke fassara 'yancin kimiyya kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin jami'ar Sanarwa game da 'Yancin Dan Adam.

Dangantaka da dukiyar ilimi

A shekarar 2000 karamin kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki a kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ya ba da shawarar cewa Yarjejeniyar kan Abubuwan da Ke da Alaƙa da Kasuwanci na' Yancin Properancin Ilimin na Ilimin na iya keta haƙƙin ilimin kimiyya don haka ya saɓa da dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya .