Zamanin Haskakawa
Zamanin Haskakawa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
cultural movement (en) | ||||
Bayanai | ||||
Mabiyi | classicism (en) da Grand Siècle (en) | |||
Ta biyo baya | Romanticism da French Romanticism (en) | |||
Lokacin farawa | 17 century | |||
Lokacin gamawa | 19 century | |||
Influenced by (en) | renaissance humanism (en) da Scientific Revolution (en) | |||
Wuri | ||||
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Shekarun Haske (wanda kuma aka sani da Shekarun nazari da kuma haske) wani yunkuri ne na ilimi da falsafa wanda ya faru a Turai a cikin ƙarni na 17 da 18.[1][2] Hasken ilimi ta ƙunshi ra'ayoyi masu yawa na zamantakewa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da darajar ilimin da aka koya ta hanyar tunani da kuma kwarewa da manufofin siyasa kamar dokar halitta, 'yanci, da ci gaba, haƙuri da' yan uwantaka, kundin tsarin mulkin gwamnati, da rabuwa da coci da jihar.[3]
Zamanin Haske ta riga ta wuce kuma ta mamaye Juyin Juya Halin Kimiyya da aikin Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Pierre Gassendi, da Isaac Newton, da sauransu, da kuma falsafar tunani na Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, da John Locke. Wasu su nuna faruwar zamanin Haskakawa da wallafar René Descartes' “Discourse on the Method” a shekarar 1637, tare da hanyarsa ta rashin gaskata komai sai dai idan akwai kyakkyawan dalili don karɓar shi, kuma yana nuna sanannen maganarsa, Cogito, ergo sum ("Ina tsammanin, saboda haka ni ne"). Sauran sun ambaci wallafar na Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) a matsayin ƙarshen juyin juya halin kimiyya da farkon haskakawa. [4] [5] Masana tarihi na Turai sun nuna cewa lokacin ya fara ne da mutuwar Louis na 14 na Faransa a 1715 da kuma karshen sa da barkewar Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a 1789. Yawancin masana tarihi yanzu sun nuna ƙarshen Haskakawa a matsayin farkon karni na 19, tare da sabuwar shekarar da aka gabatar ita ce mutuwar Immanuel Kant a cikin 1804. [6] A zahiri, lokutan tarihi ba su da kwanakin farawa ko ƙarshe.
References
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "The Age of Enlightenment: A History From Beginning to End: Chapter 3". publishinghau5.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ Conrad, Sebastian (1 October 2012). "Enlightenment in Global History: A Historiographical Critique". The American Historical Review. 117 (4): 999–1027. doi:10.1093/ahr/117.4.999. ISSN 0002-8762.
- ↑ Jacob, Margaret C. The Secular Enlightenment. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2019 1
- ↑ "The Enlightenment". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ↑ Casini, Paolo (January 1988). "Newton's Principia and the Philosophers of the Enlightenment". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 42 (1): 35–52. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1988.0006. ISSN 0035-9149. S2CID 145282986.
- ↑ "British Library- The Enlightenment". Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2018.