Ƙananan Ƙewayayyun Tsibirorin Tarayyar Amurka

Ƙananan Ƙewayayyun Tsibirorin Tarayyar Amurka
General information
Gu mafi tsayi	Dunning Hill (en)
Yawan fili	34.2 km²
Suna bayan	Tarayyar Amurka island (en)
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	19°18′00″N 166°38′00″E
Kasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Flanked by	Pacific Ocean Caribbean Sea (en)
Hydrography (en)

Brown boobies atop pier posts a Johnston Atoll, Satumba 2005

Tsibirin United States na ƙasar Amurka ƙididdiga ce ta ƙungiyar tasashen Duniya wato ƙasa da ƙasa don Tsarin ' lambar ISO 3166-1 . Lambar shigarwa ita ce ISO 3166-2: UM . A qananan fitowar tsibiran da kuma kungiyoyin na tsibiran kunshi takwas United States insular yankunan a cikin Pacific Ocean ( Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, kuma Wake Atoll ) da kuma daya a cikin Caribbean Tekun ( Tsibirin Navassa ).

Tarihi

A cikin shekara ta 1936 wani shiri na mulkin mallaka ya fara zaunar da Amurkawa akan Baker, Howland, da Jarvis, amma duk tsibirai ukun an kwashe su a cikin 1942 sakamakon Yakin Duniya na II .

ISO ya gabatar da kalmar "ƙananan Tsibirin ƙasar Amurka" a cikin shekara ta 1986. Daga shekara ta 1974 har zuwa shekara ta 1986, biyar daga tsibiran (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, da Kingman Reef) an haɗasu a ƙarƙashin kalmar Amurka Miscellaneous Pacific Islands, tare da lambar ISO 3166  . Lambar Midway Atoll ita ce , lambar Johnston Atoll ita ce , kuma lambar Wake Island ita ce  . Kafin shekara ta 1986, Tsibirin Navassa, tare da wasu ƙananan tsibirai a cikin Tekun Caribbean waɗanda ba sa ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Amurka, an haɗa su a ƙarƙashin kalmar Amurka Tsibirin Caribbean daban-daban, tare da lambar ƙasar FIPS  .

Ba a saka tsibiran Stewart da ake da su ba, waɗanda ake kira Sikaiana kuma yanzu suna kula da tsibirin Solomon sosai, ba sa cikin jerin sunayen tsibirai na Minananan Tsari na Amurka. A cikin shekara ta 1856, Masarautar Hawaii Privy Council da Sarki Kamehameha IV sun kaɗa ƙuri'a don karɓar aikinsu na son rai. Masarautar daga baya ta zama Jamhuriyyar Hawaii, duk waɗannan sun haɗu da Amurka a cikin shekara 1898. A cikin 1959, sakamakon Tarayyar Amurka ta Hawaii, ban da Palmyra Atoll da Midway Atoll kawai, suka zama ƙasar Amurka. Mazauna tsibirin Stewart, waɗanda suke Polynesian kamar Hawaan ƙasar Hawaii ba Melanesian ba, sun yi iƙirarin cewa su citizensan asalin Amurka ne tun lokacin da aka baiwa Tsibirin Stewart ga Sarki Kamehameha IV a 1856 kuma sun kasance ɓangare na Hawaii a lokacin Amurka ' hadewa a cikin 1898. Gwamnatin tarayyar Amurka da ta Hawaii ba da izini ba sun yarda da da’awar kwanan nan game da tsibiran Solomon kan Tsibirin Stewart, kuma Amurka ba ta da’awar hukuma a hukumance.

Bayani

Ban da Palmyra Atoll, duk waɗannan tsibirin tsibiri ne ba tare da izini ba ga yankunan Amurka . As of 2019 , babu ɗayan tsibiran da ke da mazaunan dindindin. Yankin Palmyra Atoll yanki ne na hadewa, an raba shi a cikin 1959 daga sauran tsohuwar Terasar Hawai lokacin da Hawaii ta zama ƙasa . Theaukacin mutane kawai ya ƙunshi kimiya na ɗan lokaci da kuma Ma'aikatan Kasuwancin Kifi da Dabbobin Amurka. Cidaya ta 2000 ta kirga mutane 315 akan Johnston Atoll da mutane 94 akan Wake Atoll .

Babu 'yan asalin ƙasar na zamani, sai a ƙidayar 1940 .

An haɗu tsibirin wuri ɗaya azaman dacewar ƙididdiga. Ba a gudanar da su gaba ɗaya, kuma ba su da tarihi ko al'adu ɗaya fiye da kasancewa tsibirai da ba kowa a ƙarƙashin ikon Amurka. Dukkanin suna waje da yankin kwastan na Amurka kuma basu da harajin kwastan. Ban da Midway Atoll, tsibirai na Pacific suna kewaye da manyan yankuna na tattalin arziki kuma suna cikin iyakokin Monasashen Tattalin Arzikin Nesa .

Dukkanin su suna wakiltar lambar ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 UM . Tsibirin kowane mutum yana da lambar lambobin ISO 3166-2.

The Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) " .um " Yanada tarihi da aka sanya wa tsibirin. duk da haka, .um ccTLD ya yi ritaya a cikin Janairu 2007.

Yawancin tsibirai a ƙasar Amurka suna rufe ga jama'a. Baƙi zuwa tsibirai kamar su Jarvis Island suna buƙatar izini. Palmyra Atoll a bude take ga jama'a, amma babu wata hanya mai sauƙi ta isa gare shi.

Sufuri

Filin jirgin sama

Filin jirgin sama a cikin Amurka ƙananan tsibiran da ke nesa suna ba da matuka masu saurin sauka a duk faɗin babban Tekun Pasifik ga kowane irin jirgin sama, yana ba da damar kasancewar sojoji masu mahimmanci a cikin manyan yankuna masu mahimmanci, kuma suna da iyakance sabis na kasuwanci. Mai zuwa jerin filayen jirgin saman tsibiri tare da lambobin ICAO ( IATA ):

• PMDY (MDY): Filin Henderson, Tsibirin Sand, Midway Atoll
• PWAK (AWK): Filin jirgin sama na Wake Island, Wake Atoll
• PLPA: Palmyra (Cooper) Filin jirgin sama, Tsibirin Cooper, Palmyra Atoll

Sauran filayen jirgin saman sun hada da:

• Filin Kamakaiwi: Tsibirin Howland (daga 1937 zuwa kusan 1945)
• Kingman Reef : An yi amfani da lagoon a matsayin tashar da ke tsakanin Hawaii da Samoa ta Amurka ta kamfanin Pan American Airways don jiragen ruwa a cikin 1937 da 1938.
• Johnston Atoll Airport, Johnston Atoll (Tsohon PJON / JON): An gina filin jirgin sama lokacin WWII, kuma ya ga manyan zirga-zirgar kasuwanci yayin rabin rabin karni na 20. Koyaya, an watsar dashi a 2003.

Tashar jiragen ruwa

Uku daga cikin tsibiran an jera su tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin Fitarwar Duniyar Duniya, tare da Lambar Tashar Duniya:

• 56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL: Johnston Atoll
• 56328 Tsibirin MIDWAY: Midway Atoll
• 56330 WAKE ISLAND: Take Atoll
• ba a jera WEST LAGOON ba: Palmyra Atoll

Tsibirin Baker, Tsibirin Howland, da Tsibirin Jarvis kowannensu yana da karamin filin saukar jirgin ruwa. Kingman Reef da Tsibirin Navassa suna da tashar jirgin ruwa ne kawai a cikin teku.

Tsibiri da atol

Atoll or island	Island area (km2)	Lagoon (km2)	Coordinates	NWR established	Acquired	FIPS CodeF	GECG
North Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Midway Atoll	6.2	40	28°13′N 177°22′W	1988 April 22	1867 August 28	74300	MQ
North Pacific Ocean, scattered isolated islands
Wake IslandA	6.5	6	19°18′N 166°38′E	2009 January 16	1899 January 17	74450	WQ
Johnston AtollB	2.63	130	16°45′N 169°31′W	1926 June 29	1859 September 6	74200	JQ
North Pacific Ocean, Northern Line Islands
Kingman Reef	0.03	76	6°24′N 162°24′W	2001 January 18	1860 February 8	74250	KQ
Palmyra AtollB	11.9	15	5°53′N 162°05′W	2001 January 18	1912 February 21	74400	LQ
North Pacific Ocean, Northern Phoenix Islands
Howland Island	1.6	–	0°48′N 176°37′W	1974 June 27	1856 October 28	74100	HQ
Baker Island	1.5	–	0°12′N 176°29′W	1974 June 27	1856 October 28	74050	FQ
South Pacific Ocean, Central Line Islands
Jarvis Island	4.5	–	0°22′S 160°01′W	1974 June 27	1856 October 28	74150	DQ
North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea
Navassa IslandC	5.4	–	18°24′N 75°01′W	1999 December 3	1858 October 31	74350	BQ
Bajo Nuevo BankD	0.02	155	15°53′N 78°38′W		1869 November 22	(none)	(none)
Serranilla BankE	0.02	1200	15°50′N 79°50′W		1879 September 8 1880 September 13	(none)	(none)
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands	40.26	267
A Claimed by the Marshall Islands. B Previously claimed by Hawaii when independent. Palmyra Atoll was officially part of Hawaii until 1959, when Hawaii got statehood. C Claimed by Haiti. D Administered by Colombia and claimed by Jamaica and Nicaragua, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total. E Administered by Colombia and claimed by Honduras and Nicaragua, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total. FEach island (except for Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) has a unique FIPS (INCITS) code treating it as a county-equivalent for statistical purposes; "74" is the state-level code for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. GGEC stands for "Geopolitical Entities and Codes", a coding system superseding the FIPS 10-4 codes; the codes (such as FQ for Baker Island) treat each island as if it were a country.

Flora da fauna

• Jerin tsuntsayen Minananan Tsibiran Amurka
• Jerin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Minananan Tsibirin Amurka

Duba kuma

• Dokar Tsibirin Guano
• Ularananan Cases
• Jerin filayen jiragen sama ta lambar ICAO: P
• Jerin rikice-rikicen yanki