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Ƙananan Ƙewayayyun Tsibirorin Tarayyar Amurka

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Ƙananan Ƙewayayyun Tsibirorin Tarayyar Amurka
General information
Gu mafi tsayi Dunning Hill (en) Fassara
Yawan fili 34.2 km²
Suna bayan Tarayyar Amurka
island (en) Fassara
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 19°18′00″N 166°38′00″E / 19.3°N 166.63333°E / 19.3; 166.63333
Kasa Tarayyar Amurka
Flanked by Pacific Ocean
Caribbean Sea (en) Fassara
Hydrography (en) Fassara
Brown boobies atop pier posts a Johnston Atoll, Satumba 2005

Tsibirin United States na ƙasar Amurka ƙididdiga ce ta ƙungiyar tasashen Duniya wato ƙasa da ƙasa don Tsarin ' lambar ISO 3166-1 . Lambar shigarwa ita ce ISO 3166-2: UM . A qananan fitowar tsibiran da kuma kungiyoyin na tsibiran kunshi takwas United States insular yankunan a cikin Pacific Ocean ( Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, kuma Wake Atoll ) da kuma daya a cikin Caribbean Tekun ( Tsibirin Navassa ).

A cikin shekara ta 1936 wani shiri na mulkin mallaka ya fara zaunar da Amurkawa akan Baker, Howland, da Jarvis, amma duk tsibirai ukun an kwashe su a cikin 1942 sakamakon Yakin Duniya na II .

ISO ya gabatar da kalmar "ƙananan Tsibirin ƙasar Amurka" a cikin shekara ta 1986. Daga shekara ta 1974 har zuwa shekara ta 1986, biyar daga tsibiran (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, da Kingman Reef) an haɗasu a ƙarƙashin kalmar Amurka Miscellaneous Pacific Islands, tare da lambar ISO 3166  . Lambar Midway Atoll ita ce , lambar Johnston Atoll ita ce , kuma lambar Wake Island ita ce  . Kafin shekara ta 1986, Tsibirin Navassa, tare da wasu ƙananan tsibirai a cikin Tekun Caribbean waɗanda ba sa ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Amurka, an haɗa su a ƙarƙashin kalmar Amurka Tsibirin Caribbean daban-daban, tare da lambar ƙasar FIPS  .

Ba a saka tsibiran Stewart da ake da su ba, waɗanda ake kira Sikaiana kuma yanzu suna kula da tsibirin Solomon sosai, ba sa cikin jerin sunayen tsibirai na Minananan Tsari na Amurka. A cikin shekara ta 1856, Masarautar Hawaii Privy Council da Sarki Kamehameha IV sun kaɗa ƙuri'a don karɓar aikinsu na son rai. Masarautar daga baya ta zama Jamhuriyyar Hawaii, duk waɗannan sun haɗu da Amurka a cikin shekara 1898. A cikin 1959, sakamakon Tarayyar Amurka ta Hawaii, ban da Palmyra Atoll da Midway Atoll kawai, suka zama ƙasar Amurka. Mazauna tsibirin Stewart, waɗanda suke Polynesian kamar Hawaan ƙasar Hawaii ba Melanesian ba, sun yi iƙirarin cewa su citizensan asalin Amurka ne tun lokacin da aka baiwa Tsibirin Stewart ga Sarki Kamehameha IV a 1856 kuma sun kasance ɓangare na Hawaii a lokacin Amurka ' hadewa a cikin 1898. Gwamnatin tarayyar Amurka da ta Hawaii ba da izini ba sun yarda da da’awar kwanan nan game da tsibiran Solomon kan Tsibirin Stewart, kuma Amurka ba ta da’awar hukuma a hukumance.

Ban da Palmyra Atoll, duk waɗannan tsibirin tsibiri ne ba tare da izini ba ga yankunan Amurka . As of 2019 , babu ɗayan tsibiran da ke da mazaunan dindindin. Yankin Palmyra Atoll yanki ne na hadewa, an raba shi a cikin 1959 daga sauran tsohuwar Terasar Hawai lokacin da Hawaii ta zama ƙasa . Theaukacin mutane kawai ya ƙunshi kimiya na ɗan lokaci da kuma Ma'aikatan Kasuwancin Kifi da Dabbobin Amurka. Cidaya ta 2000 ta kirga mutane 315 akan Johnston Atoll da mutane 94 akan Wake Atoll . [1]

Babu 'yan asalin ƙasar na zamani, sai a ƙidayar 1940 .

An haɗu tsibirin wuri ɗaya azaman dacewar ƙididdiga. Ba a gudanar da su gaba ɗaya, kuma ba su da tarihi ko al'adu ɗaya fiye da kasancewa tsibirai da ba kowa a ƙarƙashin ikon Amurka. Dukkanin suna waje da yankin kwastan na Amurka kuma basu da harajin kwastan. Ban da Midway Atoll, tsibirai na Pacific suna kewaye da manyan yankuna na tattalin arziki kuma suna cikin iyakokin Monasashen Tattalin Arzikin Nesa .

Dukkanin su suna wakiltar lambar ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 UM . Tsibirin kowane mutum yana da lambar lambobin ISO 3166-2.

The Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) " .um " Yanada tarihi da aka sanya wa tsibirin. duk da haka, .um ccTLD ya yi ritaya a cikin Janairu 2007.

Yawancin tsibirai a ƙasar Amurka suna rufe ga jama'a. Baƙi zuwa tsibirai kamar su Jarvis Island suna buƙatar izini. Palmyra Atoll a bude take ga jama'a, amma babu wata hanya mai sauƙi ta isa gare shi.

Filin jirgin sama

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Filin jirgin sama a cikin Amurka ƙananan tsibiran da ke nesa suna ba da matuka masu saurin sauka a duk faɗin babban Tekun Pasifik ga kowane irin jirgin sama, yana ba da damar kasancewar sojoji masu mahimmanci a cikin manyan yankuna masu mahimmanci, kuma suna da iyakance sabis na kasuwanci. Mai zuwa jerin filayen jirgin saman tsibiri tare da lambobin ICAO ( IATA ):

  • PMDY (MDY): Filin Henderson, Tsibirin Sand, Midway Atoll
  • PWAK (AWK): Filin jirgin sama na Wake Island, Wake Atoll
  • PLPA: Palmyra (Cooper) Filin jirgin sama, Tsibirin Cooper, Palmyra Atoll

Sauran filayen jirgin saman sun hada da:

  • Filin Kamakaiwi: Tsibirin Howland (daga 1937 zuwa kusan 1945)
  • Kingman Reef : An yi amfani da lagoon a matsayin tashar da ke tsakanin Hawaii da Samoa ta Amurka ta kamfanin Pan American Airways don jiragen ruwa a cikin 1937 da 1938.
  • Johnston Atoll Airport, Johnston Atoll (Tsohon PJON / JON): An gina filin jirgin sama lokacin WWII, kuma ya ga manyan zirga-zirgar kasuwanci yayin rabin rabin karni na 20. Koyaya, an watsar dashi a 2003.

Tashar jiragen ruwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Uku daga cikin tsibiran an jera su tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin Fitarwar Duniyar Duniya, tare da Lambar Tashar Duniya:

  • 56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL: Johnston Atoll
  • 56328 Tsibirin MIDWAY: Midway Atoll
  • 56330 WAKE ISLAND: Take Atoll
  • ba a jera WEST LAGOON ba: Palmyra Atoll

Tsibirin Baker, Tsibirin Howland, da Tsibirin Jarvis kowannensu yana da karamin filin saukar jirgin ruwa. Kingman Reef da Tsibirin Navassa suna da tashar jirgin ruwa ne kawai a cikin teku.

Tsibiri da atol

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Atoll or island Island area (km2) Lagoon (km2) Coordinates NWR

established
Acquired FIPS CodeF GECG

North Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Midway Atoll 6.2 40 28°13′N 177°22′W / 28.217°N 177.367°W / 28.217; -177.367 1988 April 22 1867 August 28 74300 MQ

North Pacific Ocean, scattered isolated islands

Wake IslandA 6.5 6 19°18′N 166°38′E / 19.300°N 166.633°E / 19.300; 166.633 2009 January 16 1899 January 17 74450 WQ
Johnston AtollB 2.63 130 16°45′N 169°31′W / 16.750°N 169.517°W / 16.750; -169.517 1926 June 29 1859 September 6 74200 JQ

North Pacific Ocean, Northern Line Islands

Kingman Reef 0.03 76 6°24′N 162°24′W / 6.400°N 162.400°W / 6.400; -162.400 2001 January 18 1860 February 8 74250 KQ
Palmyra AtollB 11.9 15 5°53′N 162°05′W / 5.883°N 162.083°W / 5.883; -162.083 2001 January 18 1912 February 21 74400 LQ

North Pacific Ocean, Northern Phoenix Islands

Howland Island 1.6 0°48′N 176°37′W / 0.800°N 176.617°W / 0.800; -176.617 1974 June 27 1856 October 28 74100 HQ
Baker Island 1.5 0°12′N 176°29′W / 0.200°N 176.483°W / 0.200; -176.483 1974 June 27 1856 October 28 74050 FQ

South Pacific Ocean, Central Line Islands

Jarvis Island 4.5 0°22′S 160°01′W / 0.367°S 160.017°W / -0.367; -160.017 1974 June 27 1856 October 28 74150 DQ

North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea

Navassa IslandC 5.4 18°24′N 75°01′W / 18.400°N 75.017°W / 18.400; -75.017 1999 December 3 1858 October 31 74350 BQ
Bajo Nuevo BankD 0.02 155 15°53′N 78°38′W / 15.883°N 78.633°W / 15.883; -78.633 1869 November 22 (none) (none)
Serranilla BankE 0.02 1200 15°50′N 79°50′W / 15.833°N 79.833°W / 15.833; -79.833 1879 September 8

1880 September 13
(none) (none)
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 40.26 267          
A Claimed by the Marshall Islands.

B Previously claimed by Hawaii when independent. Palmyra Atoll was officially part of Hawaii until 1959, when Hawaii got statehood.

C Claimed by Haiti.

D Administered by Colombia and claimed by Jamaica and Nicaragua, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total.

E Administered by Colombia and claimed by Honduras and Nicaragua, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total.

FEach island (except for Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) has a unique FIPS (INCITS) code treating it as a county-equivalent for statistical purposes; "74" is the state-level code for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.

GGEC stands for "Geopolitical Entities and Codes", a coding system superseding the FIPS 10-4 codes; the codes (such as FQ for Baker Island) treat each island as if it were a country.

Flora da fauna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Jerin tsuntsayen Minananan Tsibiran Amurka
  • Jerin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Minananan Tsibirin Amurka
  • Dokar Tsibirin Guano
  • Ularananan Cases
  • Jerin filayen jiragen sama ta lambar ICAO: P
  • Jerin rikice-rikicen yanki