Abdullahi Ahmed Irro
 Abdullahi Ahmed Irro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Kismayo (en)  , 1937 |
| Mutuwa | 2022 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
M.V. Frunze Military Academy (en) Egyptian Military College (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Aikin soja | |
| Fannin soja |
Somali Armed Forces (en) |
| Digiri | Janar |
| Ya faɗaci |
Ogden War (en) |
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro ( Somali , Larabci: عبد الله أحمد إرو ), Kuma aka sani da Abdullahi Ahmad Yousef Irro, [1] wani shahararren Sojan Somali ne, Kuma farfesa kuma janar . Ya taimaka wajen kafa Makarantar Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kasa.
Shekarun farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Irro a garin Kismayo na kudancin, Kasar Somalia, daga dangin Majeerteen Harti Darod . Mahaifin Irro Ahmed Yussuf Irro tare da baffanninsa guda biyu sun yi aiki a sojojin mulkin mallaka na Italiya. Suna daga cikin matasan Migiurtinia wadanda aka tilasta musu shiga karfi bayan faduwar mulkin Majeerteen Sultanate mai mulki (Migiurtinia) da Sultanate na Hobyo (Obbia) yayin yakin neman hadewa da "Sarakunan Arewa ', wani balaguron fasist zuwa kasar daga shekara ta alif 1922 zuwa shekara ta alif 1929 karkashin umurnin Cesare Maria De Vecchi na Jam'iyyar Fascist ta Kasa karkashin jagorancin Benito Mussolini. Irro uwa, Zhabah Hosh Ellie, 'yar wani aristocratic Wazir na Obbio Sultanate.
Irro ya yi mafi kyawun lokacin samartakarsa a Mogadishu, inda ya yi karatu a makarantun firamare da sakandare na Italiya. Daga baya ya yi karatu a makarantar malanta ta makarantar ta shekara biyu Instituto Universario Della Somalia, ya kammala da girmamawa. Bayan kuma kammala karatunsa, Irro yayi aiki na yearsan shekaru a ƙarshen shekara ta alif 1950s a matsayin malami.
Aikin soja[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Horarwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan da Somalia ta sami 'yancinta a shekara ta 1960, Irro ya shiga cikin rundunar sojan kasar ta Somalia (SNA), ya zama jami'in na 32 na rundunar.
Irro ya sami koyarwar soja ne a Makarantar Koyon Soja ta Masar da ke Alkahira, Masar a shekara ta 1961. Ya kammala karatunsa ne a kwalejin da digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar soja . Daga baya Irro ya koma Somalia inda ya yi aiki a ofishin babban kwamanda da kuma shugabanci na tsare-tsare karkashin Daud Abdulle Xirsi, da Siad Barre a 1960s, sannan daga baya a karkashin Mohammad Ali Samatar da Abdullah Mohamed Fadil
Irro tare da sauran abokan aikin sa na hagu daga baya an shigar da su Makarantar Koyon Soja ta Frunze a Moscow (Военнаяакадемия им М. В. Фрунзе), fitaccen ma'aikatar Soviet da aka keɓe don ƙwararrun hafsoshin sojojin Warsaw Pact da ƙawayensu. A can, ya kware a Tsarin Tsari kuma ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da dabaru, ayyuka da yaƙe-yaƙe na zamani, tare da girmamawa kan Tsaron activeasa. Irro ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa a cikin Larabci da Rashanci yana nazarin yaƙin gargajiya a Afirka, Asiya da Latin Amurka . Wani fitaccen mai digiri na biyu na Frunze, binciken Irro ya mai da hankali kan dabaru daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su yayin Yaƙin Sino-Indiya na shekara ta 1962 da rikicin Indo-Pakistan na 1965 . Daga karshe Irro ya kammala tsananin horo a Frunze, sannan daga baya ya sami digirin digirgir na soji (кандидат наук). Sauran Somaliyan da suka kammala karatu daga cibiyoyin sojan na Frunze sun hada da Mohamed Ali Samatar, Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Abdullah Mohamed Fadil, Ali Hussein da Mohamed Farrah Aidid .
Sojojin Kasar Somaliya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan dawowarsa Somaliya, Irro ya mallaki mukamai daban-daban a Sojojin Kasar Somaliya. Ya yi aiki a bangaren tsare-tsare da ayyuka, inda ya shugabanci kula da tsare-tsare baya ga irin wannan mukamai a bangarori na 21 da 60. Irro ya yi aiki har zuwa matsayin SNA, ya sami mukamin Kanar . A shekarun 1970s, ya kasance mataimakin kwamandan runduna ta 21 kuma kwamanda na sashi na 60.
Yakin Ogaden[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A karkashin jagorancin Janar Mohamed Ali Samatar, Irro da sauran manyan hafsoshin sojan Somaliya an ba su izini a shekara ta 1977 tare da tsara dabarun kasa domin shirya yakin Ogaden a Habasha . Wannan wani bangare ne na kokarin hada kawunan dukkan yankunan da Somaliya ke zaune a yankin na Horn zuwa cikin Somalia ta Gabas ( Soomaaliweyn ).
Kanar Abdullahi Irro shi ne ya ba da umarni ga rundunonin SNA a cikin Godey Front, suka ƙwace yankin a ranar 24 ga Yulin, shekara ta 1977. Runduna ta 4 ta Sojojin Habasha, wadanda ke da sansani a cikin sansanonin sojoji biyar na yankin sun tsare Godey. Runduna ta 60 a karkashin Col Irro ta kunshi Brigade ta 2 ta Armored wacce ke dauke da T-54 MBTs, Sojoji masu luguden wuta da kuma Artillery Brigade 36 manyan bindigogi da kuma Bataliyar Tank da ke dauke da T-34 MBTs. [2]
Habasha ta amince da asarar Godey da shigar sojojin Somaliya kai tsaye a cikin watan Yulin shekara ta 1977. Bayan haka, Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet (USSR) ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar makamai na dala miliyan 385 tare da Habasha a farkon watan Satumba. An ba da rahoton jigilar makaman Soviet zuwa Somalia kwata-kwata a ƙarshen watan Satumban shekara ta 1977. A karkashin jagorancin Irro, rundunonin runduna ta 60 ta Somalia sun yi nasarar fatattakar Runduna ta 4 ta Habasha a Godey, wanda ya sa ta durkushe kuma ta daina wanzuwa baki daya a matsayin rundunar aiki. Kamawar Godey ya kuma baiwa bangaren Somaliya damar karfafa ikonta a kan Ogaden, da tattara dakarunta, da kuma ci gaba zuwa wasu yankuna na Habasha. [3] Rukuni daga Somaliya na 60 suka mamaye Fadar Sarki Salase inda suka kame manyan hafsoshin Habasha. Hakanan an kashe ɗan jirgin sama na Sweden Carl Gustaf von Rosen yayin yaƙin Godey.
Biyo bayan wannan nasarar da aka samu a Godey, an nada Irro Babban Jami'in Kwamanda a shiyya ta 60. Ya aka sanya kungiyar da kuma janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a aikinsu Vis-a-Vis daban-daban sojojin brigades a Kudancin Tsattsaguwa, ciki har da shida dakaru brigades ƙaddara ga Nagele, bayan Godey zuwa Bali da Sidamo. Har ila yau, an ɗora wa Irro alhakin samar da kayan aiki da na fasaha, wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen ba da izini na kwamandan kudu. A yin haka, sai aka ta kashe yiwa tsohon Frunze Farfesa, Vasily Ivanovich Petrov, wanda ya Red Army Janar sanya su taimaka da kuma sake gina Habasha Army .
Duk da irin tallafin da Cuba, USSR, [Kudancin Yemen] da Gabashin Jamus ba su samu ba, sai da aka kwashe kusan shekaru uku Sojojin Habasha sun sami cikakken ikon yankin Godey. Birgediya-Janar Demisse Bulto, kwamandan Sojojin Juyin Juya Hali na farko, ya kwato Godey a matsayin wani bangare na Operation Lash kafin watan Nuwamba 1980, kusan shekaru uku da rabi tun lokacin da Sojojin Somalia suka mamaye shi a watan Yulin 1977 [3] Gwamnatin Derg ta Habasha daga baya za ta kashe Bulto saboda hannu a juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba a Habasha a shekarar 1989.
Yunkurin juyin mulkin 1978[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekara ta 1978, faduwa daga yakin Ogaden da aka zubar ya kai ga kokarin da wasu manyan hafsoshin Sojan Somalia da dama suka yi na kifar da gwamnatin Siad Barre . [4] Dangane da tarihin marigayi Kanar Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Irro ya sanar da shi ta hanyar sadarwa ta tsaro cewa juyin mulkin bai yi nasara ba. Sadarwar da aka watsa ta ƙunshi saƙon kalmomi biyu masu lamba "An zubar da mata", kwanan wata 11:00 na safe, Afrilu 9, 1978. An kama Irro 'yan sa'o'i kadan daga gwamnatin da ke mulki ta Shugaba Barre bisa zargin sa hannu a cikin putch. [1] Mafi yawan mutanen da suka taimaka shirya juyin mulkin an same su da laifi kuma kotun Marshal ta kashe su; amma wasu, ciki har da wani abokin karatunsa na makarantar Frunze da ke Kanar Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed, sun sami damar tserewa zuwa kasashen waje. [5] An kame shugaban juyin mulkin Kanar Mohamed Osman Irro kuma aka kashe shi.
An kama Kanar Abdullahi Irro kuma an tura shi kotu tare da shugaban rundunar ‘yan sanda ta kasa Janar Abdullahi Matukade [1] kuma an sake shi bayan wasu shekaru bayan kotu ba ta sami wata tabbatacciyar shaidar hadin kai da Mohamed Osman Irro ba
Shekarun baya 1979–1990[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abdullahi Irro daga baya yayi aiki a matsayin Farfesan Dabarun a Cibiyoyin Sojojin Somalia da dama a shekarun 1980. A wannan matsayin, ya taimaka wajen kafa Makarantar Koyon Ilimi ta Kasa, kuma yana da hannu wajen kirkirar tsarin koyar da dabarun manyan jami'an soji, majalisun shawarwari na shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisa. Ya kuma taka rawar gani wajen ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tare da makarantu da yawa a Kasar Misira a shekara ta (1983), Faransa (1984) da Amurka (1984)
A polymath, Irro ya kasance ba ruwan sa da siyasa a duk lokacin da ya girma. Ya ki amincewa da tayin da yawa don shiga cikin kungiyoyin adawa wadanda suka fara kafawa a lokacin yakin Ogaden, ciki har da Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), Somali National Movement (SNM) da United Somali Congress (USC) karkashin jagorancin tsoffin abokan aikinsa Abdullahi. Yusuf Ahmed, Abdulkadir Koosaar da Mohamed Farrah Aidid, bi da bi.
Bayan Yakin Basasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Janar Irro yana zaune ne a Vienna, Virginia kuma wani lokacin yana shiga cikin kokarin samar da al'umma mai zaman lafiya a Afirka. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan jami'an Somaliya guda 30 da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gayyata don ba Majalisar Dinkin Duniya shawara. Irro da abokan aikinsa sun samar da wata takaddar tsari don magance dabarun fuskantar kalubalen tsaro na gajeren lokaci da matakan karfafa iya aiki na tsawon lokaci.
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Muhammad Ali Samatar
- Hussein Kulmiye Afrah
- Abdullah Mohamed Fadil
- Ismail Ali Abokor
- Abdirizak Mohamud Abubakar
- Salaad Gabeyre Kediye
- Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
- Maxamed Saalax
- Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle
- Ali Matan Xaashi
- Omar Massale
- Mohamed Osman Irro
- Dahir Adan Elmi
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 ARR: Arab report and record, (Economic Features, ltd.: 1978), p.602.
- ↑ Cooper, Tom (2015-04-19). "Wings over Ogaden": : The Ethiopian–Somali War, 1978–1979. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1909982383.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gebru Tareke, "From Lash to Red Star: The Pitfalls of Counter-Insurgency in Ethiopia, 1980-82", Journal of Modern African Studies, 40 (2002), p. 471
- ↑ Nina J. Fitzgerald, Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography, (Nova Publishers: 2002), p.25.
- ↑ New People Media Centre, New people, Issues 94-105, (New People Media Centre: Comboni Missionaries, 2005).