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Elon Musk

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Elon Musk
minista

20 ga Janairu, 2025 -
babban mai gudanarwa

28 Oktoba 2022 - 5 ga Yuni, 2023
← Parag Agrawal (en) Fassara - Linda Yaccarino (en) Fassara →
co-president (en) Fassara

ga Yuli, 2016 -
babban mai gudanarwa

2008 -
shugaba

2008 - Nuwamba, 2018 - Robyn Denholm (en) Fassara →
babban mai gudanarwa

2002 -
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Elon Reeve Musk
Haihuwa Pretoria, 28 ga Yuni, 1971 (53 shekaru)
ƙasa Afirka ta kudu
Kanada
Tarayyar Amurka
Mazauni Bel Air (en) Fassara
Saskatchewan (en) Fassara
Kingston (en) Fassara
Boca Chica (en) Fassara
Harshen uwa Turanci
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Errol Musk
Mahaifiya Maye Musk
Abokiyar zama Justine Musk (mul) Fassara  (2000 -  2008)
Talulah Riley (mul) Fassara  (2010 -  2012)
Talulah Riley (mul) Fassara  (2013 -  2016)
Ma'aurata Amber Heard (mul) Fassara
Grimes (en) Fassara
Shivon Zilis (mul) Fassara
Yara
Ahali Tosca Musk (mul) Fassara, Kimbal Musk (en) Fassara, Elliot Rush Musk (en) Fassara, Asha Rose Musk (en) Fassara da Alexandra Musk (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Yare Musk family (en) Fassara
Karatu
Makaranta Jami'ar Pretoria
Queen's University (en) Fassara
Jami'ar Stanford
Bryanston High School (en) Fassara
Waterkloof House Preparatory School (en) Fassara
Pretoria Boys High School (en) Fassara 1989)
Smith School of Business (en) Fassara
(1990 - 1992)
University of Pennsylvania (en) Fassara
(1991 - 1995) Digiri a kimiyya : physics (en) Fassara
The Wharton School (en) Fassara
(1992 - 1995) Bachelor of Arts (en) Fassara : ikonomi
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a Furogirama, injiniya, entrepreneur (en) Fassara, investor (en) Fassara, ɗan kasuwa da ɗan siyasa
Employers SolarCity (mul) Fassara
PayPal (mul) Fassara  (Disamba 1998 -
SpaceX (mul) Fassara  (ga Yuni, 2002 -
Tesla, Inc. (mul) Fassara  (23 ga Afirilu, 2004 -
OpenAI (mul) Fassara  (11 Disamba 2015 -  2019)
Neuralink (mul) Fassara  (ga Yuli, 2016 -
The Boring Company (en) Fassara  (17 Disamba 2016 -
Federal Government of the United States (en) Fassara  (20 ga Janairu, 2025 -
Kyaututtuka
Mamba The Planetary Society (en) Fassara
Royal Society (en) Fassara
PayPal Mafia (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini agnosticism (en) Fassara
IMDb nm1907769
Elon Musk
Elon Musk
Elon Musk

Elon Reeve Musk[1][2] FRS ( /I l ɒ n / EE -lon . An Haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da ɗaya [1971], ya kasance shahararren dan kasuwa kuma mai sanya hannun jari.[3] Shi ne wanda ya kafa, kuma shugaban injiniyoyi (CEO) na SpaceX, [lower-alpha 1] Shugaba, kuma mai tsara kaya a kamfanin Tesla, Inc. Shine wanda ya kafa kamfanin The Boring Company (TBC); kuma tare da shi ne aka kafa Neuralink da OpenAI. Haka zalika, shi ne shugaban gidauniyar Musk Foundation; kuma shi ne jagora (CEO) kuma mamallakin Twitter, Inc. Musk ya kasance wanda ya fi kowa kudi a duniya, dangane da ƙiyasin Bloomberg Billionaires Index da kuma jerin shahararrun masu kudi na mujallar Forbes,[6][7] da kimanin kudi dala biliyan $174 ya zuwa ranar 11 ga watan Nuwanban, 2022.[8][9][10]

Musk an haife shi ne a Pretoria kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Pretoria na ɗan lokaci kafin ya yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada yana da shekaru 18, yana samun ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa haifaffiyar Kanada. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Queen's da ke Kingston a Canada. Daga baya Musk ya koma Jami'ar Pennsylvania kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki da kimiyyar lissafi. Ya koma California a 1995 don halartar Jami'ar Stanford amma bai shiga azuzuwa ba, kuma tare da ɗan'uwansa Kimbal suka kafa kamfanin software na jagorar birni na kan layi Zip2. Kamfanin Compaq ya samu farawar kan dala miliyan 307 a shekarar 1999. A wannan shekarar, Musk ya kafa X.com, bankin kai tsaye. X.com ya haɗu tare da Confinity a cikin 2000 don samar da PayPal. A cikin 2002, Musk ya sami zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka, kuma watan Oktoba eBay ya sami PayPal akan dala biliyan 1.5. Yin amfani da dala miliyan 100 na kuɗin da ya samu daga siyar da PayPal, Musk ya kafa SpaceX, kamfanin sabis na jiragen sama, a cikin 2002.

A 2004, Musk ya kasance farkon mai saka hannun jari a masana'antar kera motoci na lantarki Tesla Motors, Inc. (daga baya Tesla, Inc.), yana ba da mafi yawan kuɗi na farko da ɗaukar matsayin shugaban kamfanin. Daga baya ya zama masanin ƙirar samfur kuma, a cikin 2008, Shugaba. A cikin 2006, Musk ya taimaka ƙirƙirar SolarCity, kamfanin makamashin hasken rana wanda Tesla ya samu a cikin 2016 kuma ya zama Tesla Energy. A cikin 2013, ya ba da shawarar tsarin sufuri mai sauri na hyperloop. A cikin 2015, ya haɗu da OpenAI, kamfani mai binciken sirrin ɗan adam mai zaman kansa. A shekara mai zuwa Musk ya kafa Neuralink, wani kamfani na neurotechnology da ke haɓaka mu'amalar kwakwalwa da kwamfuta, da The Boring Company, kamfanin gine-ginen rami. A cikin 2018 Hukumar Tsaro da Canjin Kasuwanci ta Amurka (SEC) ta kai karar Musk, tana zargin cewa ya yi karyar sanar da cewa ya sami kudade don kwace Tesla mai zaman kansa. Don warware batun Musk ya sauka a matsayin shugaban Tesla kuma ya biya tarar dala miliyan 20. A cikin 2022, ya sayi Twitter akan dala biliyan 44, ya haɗa kamfanin zuwa cikin sabuwar ƙirƙira X Corp. kuma ya sake sanya sabis ɗin a matsayin X a shekara mai zuwa. A cikin Maris 2023, Musk ya kafa xAI, kamfani mai fasaha na wucin gadi.

Ayyukan Musk da bayyana ra'ayoyinsu sun sanya shi kasancewa mutum mai ban mamaki. An soke shi da yin kalamai marasa kimiya da yaudara, gami da bayanan karya na COVID-19, inganta ka'idojin makirci na dama, da kuma yarda da trope na antisemitic; Tun daga nan ya nemi afuwa, amma ya ci gaba da amincewa da irin wadannan kalamai. Mallakarsa ta Twitter ta janyoe cece-kuce saboda korar ma'aikata da dama, da karuwar kalaman nuna kiyayya da yada labaran karya da yada labarai a gidan yanar gizon, da kuma sauya fasalin gidan yanar gizon, gami da tantancewa.

A farkon shekarar 2024, Musk ya zama mai fafutuka a siyasar Amurka a matsayin mai ba da goyon baya ga Donald Trump, ya zama mai ba da gudummawa na biyu mafi girma na Trump a cikin Oktoba 2024. A cikin Nuwamba 2024, Trump ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya zabi Musk tare da Vivek Ramaswamy don jagorantar hadin gwiwa. Kwamitin ba da shawara na Ma'aikatar Inganta Ingantaccen Gwamnati (DOGE) da Trump ya shirya wanda zai ba da shawarwari kan inganta ayyukan gwamnati ta hanyar matakai kamar yanke "wuta-wuri". ka'idoji" da yanke "kashewa marasa amfani".

Tarihin Rayuwa da karatu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Elon Musk

Kuruciyar sa

An haifi Elon Reeve Musk a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1971, a Pretoria, babban birnin gudanarwa na Afirka ta Kudu.[11] Shi dan asalin Burtaniya ne da Pennsylvania na Dutch.[12] Mahaifiyarsa, Maye (née Haldeman), abin koyi ne kuma mai cin abinci wanda aka haife shi a Saskatchewan, Canada, kuma ya girma a Afirka ta Kudu.[13]Mahaifinsa, Errol Musk, injiniyan lantarki ne na Afirka ta Kudu, matukin jirgi, matukin jirgi, mai ba da shawara, dillalin Emerald, da mai haɓaka kadarori, wanda wani ɓangare ya mallaki gidan haya a Timbavati Nature Reserve mai zaman kansa.[14] Elon yana da ƙane, Kimbal, da ƙanwarsa, Tosca.[15] Elon yana da 'yan uba guda hudu.[16]

Iyalin sa, sun kasance masu wadata a lokacin ƙuruciyar Elon.[17] Duk da cewa Elon da Errol a baya sun bayyana cewa Errol wani ɓangare ne na ma'adinan Emerald na Zambiya,[17] a cikin 2023, Errol ya ba da labarin cewa yarjejeniyar da ya yi ita ce karɓar "wani ɓangare na emeralds da aka samar a ƙananan ma'adinai uku".[18] An zabi Errol a majalisar birnin Pretoria a matsayin wakilin jam'iyyar Progressive Party mai adawa da wariyar launin fata kuma ya ce 'ya'yansa sun yi tarayya da mahaifinsu na rashin son wariyar launin fata.[19]

Kakan mahaifiyar Elon, Joshua N. Haldeman, ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya ɗauki iyalinsa a kan tafiye-tafiyen tarihi zuwa Afirka da Ostiraliya a cikin jirgin Bellanca mai injin guda ɗaya; Haldeman ya mutu lokacin da Elon yana ƙarami.[20] Elon ya ba da labarin tafiye-tafiye zuwa wata makarantar jeji da ya bayyana a matsayin "Ubangiji na kwari" inda "cin zarafi ya kasance mai kyau" kuma an ƙarfafa yara su yi yaƙi don cin abinci.[21]

Bayan iyayensa sun sake aure a cikin 1980, Elon ya zaɓi ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa.[22] Daga baya Elon ya yi nadama game da shawararsa kuma ya rabu da mahaifinsa.[23] Elon ya halarci makarantar sakandaren Bryanston.[24] A wani lamari da ya faru, bayan da aka yi taho-mu-gama da wani almajiri, Elon ya jefar da shi a kan siminti kuma yaron da abokansa suka yi masa mugun duka, lamarin da ya sa aka kwantar da shi a asibiti saboda raunin da ya samu.[25] Elon ya bayyana mahaifinsa yana zaginsa bayan an sallame shi daga asibiti, yana mai cewa, “Sai da na tsaya na tsawon sa’a guda yayin da ya yi min tsawa ya kira ni wawa ya ce mini ba ni da amfani kawai.”[25] Errol ya musanta cewa ya zage ni. Elon amma ya yi iƙirarin, "Yaron ya rasu ne kawai mahaifinsa ya kashe kansa kuma Elon ya kira shi wawa. Bayan faruwar lamarin, Elon ya shiga makarantar masu zaman kansu.[25]

Elon ya kasance mai son karanta littattafai, daga baya ya danganta nasarar sa a wani bangare na karanta Littafin The Lord of the Rings, jerin Gidauniyar, da Jagoran Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy.[26] Yana da shekaru goma, ya haɓaka sha'awar kwamfuta da wasan bidiyo, yana koya wa kansa yadda ake tsarawa daga littafin mai amfani na VIC-20.[27]Yana da shekaru goma sha biyu, Elon ya sayar da wasansa da ya wallafa na tushen BASIC Blastar zuwa PC da mujallar Fasaha ta Office akan kudi kusan $500.[28]

Ilimi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Musk ya halarci Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Gidan Waterkloof, Makarantar Sakandare ta Bryanston, sannan makarantar sakandare ta Pretoria Boys, inda ya kammala karatunsa.[29] Musk ya kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi amma ba na musamman ba, inda ya sami 61 a cikin Afrikaans da B akan babban takardar shedar lissafi.[30] Musk ya nemi fasfo na Canada ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa kasancewar ta haifaffiyar Canada don guje wa aikin soja na tilas na Afirka ta Kudu, [31] wanda zai tilasta masa shiga cikin tsarin mulkin wariyar launin fata,[32] da sauƙaƙe hanyarsa ta shige da fice zuwa ƙasar. Amurka.[33] Yayin da yake jiran a yi masa aiki, ya halarci Jami'ar Pretoria na tsawon watanni biyar.[34]

Musk ya isa Canada a watan Yuni shekarar 1989, yana da alaƙa da ɗan uwan ​​​​sa na biyu a Saskatchewan, [35] kuma ya yi ayyuka marasa kyau ciki har da gona da injin katako.[36] A cikin 1990, ya shiga Jami'ar Queen's University a garin Kingston, Ontario.[37] Bayan shekaru biyu, ya koma Jami'ar Pennsylvania, inda ya yi karatu har zuwa 1995.[38]Kodayake Musk ya ce ya sami digirinsa a cikin 1995, Jami'ar Pennsylvania ba ta ba su ba har sai 1997 - Bachelor of Arts in physics da Bachelor of Science a fannin tattalin arziki daga Makarantar Wharton na jami'a.[39]An ba da rahoton cewa ya shirya manyan liyafar gida masu tikiti don taimakawa biyan kuɗin karatu, kuma ya rubuta shirin kasuwanci don sabis na duba littattafan lantarki mai kama da Google Books.[40]

A cikin 1994, Musk ya gudanar da horon horo guda biyu a Silicon Valley: ɗaya a farawa ta hanyar ajiyar makamashi ta Pinnacle Research Institute, wacce ta binciki ultracapacitors electrolytic don ajiyar makamashi, da kuma wani a Palo Alto-based startup Rocket Science Games.[41] A cikin 1995, an karɓi shi zuwa shirin digiri na biyu a kimiyyar kayan aiki a Jami'ar Stanford, amma bai yi rajista ba.[42] Musk ya yanke shawarar shiga haɓakar Intanet, yana neman aiki a Netscape, wanda aka bayar da rahoton bai sami amsa ba.[43] Jaridar Washington Post ta ruwaito cewa Musk ba shi da izinin zama da aiki a Amurka bayan ya kasa yin rajista a Stanford.[44] Dangane da martani, Musk ya yi iƙirarin an ba shi damar yin aiki a wancan lokacin kuma takardar izinin ɗalibinsa ta sauya zuwa H1-B. Bisa ga yawancin tsoffin abokan kasuwanci da masu hannun jari, Musk ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana kan takardar bizar ɗalibi a lokacin.[45]

Kasuwanci

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Zip2

A cikin 1995, Musk, ɗan'uwansa Kimbal, da Greg Kouri sun kafa Cibiyar Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Duniya, daga baya aka sake suna Zip2.[46] Kamfanin ya samar da jagorar birni na Intanet mai taswira, kwatance, da shafukan rawaya, kuma ya tallata shi ga jaridu.[47]Sun yi aiki a wani ƙaramin ofishin haya a Palo Alto, [48] tare da Musk codeing gidan yanar gizon kowane dare.[48] Musk da matsayin shige da fice na ɗan'uwansa a wannan lokacin Musk ya bayyana su a matsayin "yanki mai launin toka", kodayake Kimbal ya ci gaba da cewa suna aiki a matsayin baƙi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.[49] Wani fallasa Washington Post daga Oktoba 2024 ya ruwaito Musk ya yi aiki ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin da yake gina kamfanin, yana ambaton imel daga Musk da aka gabatar a matsayin shaida yayin shari'ar cin mutuncin 2005 da yarjejeniyar kuɗi daga babban kamfani Mohr Davidow Ventures.[50]

Daga ƙarshe, Zip2 ta sami kwangiloli tare da The New York Times da Chicago Tribune.[51]’Yan’uwan sun rinjayi hukumar gudanarwar su yi watsi da haɗin gwiwa da CitySearch;[52] duk da haka, ƙoƙarin Musk na zama Shugaba ya ci tura.[53] Compaq ya sami Zip2 akan dala miliyan 307 a tsabar kuɗi a cikin Fabrairu 1999, [63] [64] kuma Musk ya karɓi $22 miliyan don rabonsa na kashi 7 cikin ɗari.[54]

X.com da PayPal

A cikin Maris 1999, [66] Musk ya kafa X.com, sabis na kuɗi na kan layi da kamfanin biyan kuɗi na imel tare da dala miliyan 12 na kuɗin da ya samu daga sayen Compaq.[55]. X.com yana ɗaya daga cikin bankunan kan layi na farko waɗanda ke da inshorar tarayya, kuma fiye da abokan ciniki 200,000 sun shiga cikin watannin farko na aiki.[56]

Abokan Musk sun nuna shakku game da sunan bankin na yanar gizo, suna fargabar cewa an yi kuskure a matsayin shafin batsa. Musk ya kawar da damuwarsu, yana mai jaddada cewa sunan yana nufin ya zama madaidaiciya, abin tunawa, da sauƙin bugawa. Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance yana son adiresoshin imel da aka samo daga gare ta, kamar "e@x.com".[57] Ko da yake Musk ya kafa kamfanin, masu zuba jari sun dauke shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da kwarewa kuma ya maye gurbinsa da shugaban Intuit Bill Harris a karshen shekara.[58]

A cikin 2000, X.com ya haɗu tare da Confinity na banki na kan layi don guje wa gasa, [59] saboda sabis na canja wurin kuɗi na ƙarshe PayPal ya fi shahara fiye da sabis na X.com.[60] Daga nan Musk ya dawo a matsayin Shugaba na kamfanin da aka hade. fifikonsa ga Microsoft akan software na tushen Unix ya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin ma'aikatan kamfanin, kuma daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci wanda ya kafa Confinity Peter Thiel yayi murabus.[61] Tare da kamfanin da ke fama da matsalolin fasaha masu tasowa da kuma rashin tsarin kasuwanci na haɗin gwiwa, hukumar ta kori Musk kuma ta maye gurbinsa da Thiel a watan Satumba na 2000. an sake masa suna PayPal a 2001.[62]

n 2002, PayPal ya samu ta eBay akan dala biliyan 1.5 a hannun jari, wanda Musk-wanda shine mafi girman hannun jarin PayPal tare da kashi 11.7% na hannun jari-ya sami dala miliyan 176.[63] A cikin 2017, fiye da shekaru 15 bayan haka, Musk ya sayi yankin X.com daga PayPal don "darajar sa".[64] A cikin 2022, Musk ya tattauna makasudin ƙirƙirar "X, duk abin da app" [65].


SpaceX

A farkon 2001, Musk ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Mars mai zaman kanta kuma ya tattauna shirye-shiryen bayar da kuɗi don sanya ɗakin girma don tsire-tsire akan Mars.[66] A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, ya yi tafiya zuwa Moscow, Rasha tare da Jim Cantrell, Adeo Ressi, da kuma shugaban NASA na gaba Michael D. Griffin [83] don sayo makamai masu linzami na ballistic (ICBMs) da aka gyara wanda zai iya aika da kayan aikin greenhouse zuwa sararin samaniya. Ya sadu da kamfanonin NPO Lavochkin da Kosmotras; duk da haka, ana ganin Musk a matsayin novice [67] kuma ƙungiyar ta koma Amurka ba tare da yarjejeniya don siyan ayyukan ƙaddamar da Rasha ba. A cikin Fabrairu 2002, kungiyar ta koma Rasha don neman uku ICBMs. Sun sake yin wani taro da Kosmotras kuma an ba su roka guda daya kan dala miliyan 8, wanda Musk ya ki amincewa. A maimakon haka ya yanke shawarar kafa kamfani da zai kera rokoki masu araha.[84] Tare da dala miliyan 100 na kuɗin kansa, [68] Musk ya kafa SpaceX a watan Mayu 2002 kuma ya zama Shugaba na kamfanin kuma babban injiniya.[69]

SpaceX ta yi yunkurin harba rokar Falcon 1 na farko a shekarar 2006.[70] Duk da cewa rokar ta gaza kaiwa ga kewayar duniya, an ba ta kwangilar shirin sabis na sufuri na Kasuwanci daga NASA, wanda yanzu Michael D. Griffin ke jagoranta a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa.[71]. Bayan wasu yunƙuri guda biyu da suka yi kusan sa Musk da kamfanoninsa sun yi fatara,[70] SpaceX ya yi nasarar ƙaddamar da Falcon 1 zuwa sararin samaniya a cikin 2008.[72]. Daga baya a waccan shekarar, SpaceX ta sami kwangilar Bayar da Sabis na Kasuwanci na dala biliyan 1.6 daga NASA don jiragen sama 12 na rokanta na Falcon 9 da kumbon Dragon zuwa tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa (ISS), wanda ya maye gurbin Jirgin Saman Sararin Samaniya bayan ya yi ritaya a 2011.[73]. A cikin 2012, motar Dragon ta tsaya tare da ISS, na farko don jirgin sama na kasuwanci.[74]

Aiki don cimma burinta na rokoki da za a sake amfani da su, a cikin 2015 SpaceX ta yi nasarar saukar da matakin farko na Falcon 9 akan dandalin kasa.[75] Daga baya an samu saukar jiragen ruwa na tashar jiragen ruwa masu cin gashin kansu, wani dandalin dawo da teku.[76] A cikin 2018, SpaceX ta ƙaddamar da Falcon Heavy; manufa ta farko ta ɗauki Tesla Roadster na Musk na sirri a matsayin kaya mara nauyi.[77] Tun daga 2019,[78] SpaceX yana haɓaka Starship, cikakkiyar sake amfani da ita, abin hawa mai ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi wanda aka yi niyya don maye gurbin Falcon 9 da Falcon Heavy.[79] A cikin 2020, SpaceX ya ƙaddamar da jirginsa na farko mai aiki, Demo-2, ya zama kamfani mai zaman kansa na farko da ya sanya 'yan sama jannati zuwa cikin sararin samaniya tare da korar wani jirgin sama da ISS.[80] A cikin 2024, NASA ta ba SpaceX kwangilar dala miliyan 843 don lalata ISS a ƙarshen rayuwarta.[81]

Starlink

A cikin 2015, SpaceX ta fara haɓaka ƙungiyar taurarin tauraron dan adam ta Starlink na ƙananan tauraron dan adam don samar da damar Intanet ta tauraron dan adam, [82] tare da tauraron dan adam na farko guda biyu da aka harba a cikin Fabrairu 2018. Saitin tauraron dan adam na biyu na gwaji, da babban jigilar farko na wani yanki na ƙungiyar taurari, ya faru a watan Mayu 2019, lokacin da aka harba tauraron dan adam 60 na farko.[83] Jimlar kuɗin aikin na tsawon shekaru goma don ƙira, ginawa, da tura ƙungiyar ta SpaceX a cikin 2020 ya kiyasta ya zama dala biliyan 10. kallon sararin sama kuma yana haifar da barazana ga jiragen sama.[84]

A lokacin mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine a watan Maris na 2022, Musk ya aika da tashoshin Starlink zuwa Ukraine don samar da hanyar intanet da sadarwa.[85]] A cikin Oktoba 2022, Musk ya bayyana cewa an ba da gudummawar tashoshi na tauraron dan adam kusan 20,000 ga Ukraine, tare da rajistar musayar bayanai kyauta, wanda SpaceX ya ci dala miliyan 80. Bayan da ya nemi Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka da ta biya ƙarin raka'a da biyan kuɗi na gaba a madadin Ukraine, Marquardt, Alex (October 13, 2022). "Exclusive: Musk's SpaceX says it can no longer pay for critical satellite services in Ukraine, asks Pentagon to pick up the tab". CNN. Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022[86] Musk ya bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa SpaceX za ta ci gaba da samar da Starlink ga Ukraine kyauta, a kan farashin dala miliyan 400 kowace shekara.[87] A lokaci guda kuma, Musk ya ƙi ya toshe kafofin watsa labaru na gwamnatin Rasha akan Starlink, yana bayyana kansa "mai 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki".[88]

A cikin Satumba 2023, Ukraine ta nemi a kunna tauraron dan adam Starlink a kan Crimea don kai hari kan jiragen ruwan Rasha da ke tashar jiragen ruwa na Sevastopol; Musk ya musanta wannan bukata, yana mai nuni da damuwar cewa Rasha za ta mayar da martani da harin nukiliya.[89]

Tesla

Tesla, Inc., asalin Tesla Motors, an haɗa shi a cikin Yuli 2003 ta Martin Eberhard da Marc Tarpenning. Dukansu mazaje sun taka rawar gani a farkon ci gaban kamfanin kafin shigar Musk.[90] Musk ya jagoranci jerin A zagaye na zuba jari a cikin Fabrairu 2004; ya kashe dala miliyan 6.35, ya zama mafi yawan masu hannun jari, kuma ya shiga kwamitin gudanarwa na Tesla a matsayin shugaba.[91] Musk ya taka rawar gani a cikin kamfanin kuma ya kula da ƙirar samfurin Roadster, amma bai shiga cikin ayyukan kasuwanci na yau da kullun ba.[92]

Bayan jerin rikice-rikice masu tasowa a cikin 2007, da rikicin kuɗi na 2007-2008, Eberhard an kori shi daga kamfanin. [93] Hukuncin shari'a na 2009 tare da Eberhard ya sanya Musk a matsayin wanda ya kafa Tesla, tare da Tarpenning da wasu biyu.[94] Tun daga shekarar 2019, Musk shine shugaba mafi dadewa na kowane mai kera kera motoci a duniya.[129] A cikin 2021, Musk da sunan ya canza sunansa zuwa "Technoking" yayin da yake riƙe matsayinsa na Shugaba.[95]

Tesla ya fara isar da motar Roadster, motar wasannin motsa jiki, a cikin 2008. Tare da siyar da kusan motoci 2,500, ita ce ta farko da ke kera motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki don amfani da ƙwayoyin baturi na lithium-ion.[96] Tesla ya fara jigilar Model S Sedan mai kofa huɗu a cikin 2012.[97] An ƙaddamar da Model X a cikin 2015.[98] An fito da Sedan mai yawan jama'a, Model 3, a cikin 2017.[99] A cikin 2020, Model 3 ya zama mafi kyawun siyar da filogi mai amfani da wutar lantarki a duk duniya, kuma a cikin watan Yuni 2021 ta zama motar lantarki ta farko da ta siyar da raka'a miliyan 1 a duniya.[100] Mota ta biyar, Model Y crossover, an ƙaddamar da ita a cikin 2020, kuma a cikin Disamba 2023, ta zama motar da aka fi siyar da kowane nau'i, [101] da kuma motar lantarki mafi tsada a kowane lokaci[102]. Cybertruck, babbar motar daukar kaya mai amfani da wutar lantarki, an buɗe shi a cikin 2019,[103] kuma an kawo shi a cikin Nuwamba 2023.[104] A karkashin Musk, Tesla ya kuma gina batir lithium-ion da yawa da masana'antun motocin lantarki, mai suna Gigafactories.[105]

Tun lokacin da aka fara bayarwa na jama'a a cikin 2010 Hannun Tesla ya tashi sosai; ya zama mai kera mota mafi daraja a lokacin rani 2020, [106] kuma ya shiga S&P 500 daga baya a waccan shekarar.[107] A cikin Oktobar 2021, ya kai dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1, kamfani na shida da ya yi hakan a tarihin Amurka.[108] A cikin Nuwamba 2021, Musk ya ba da shawara akan Twitter don siyar da wasu samfuransa na Tesla.[109] Bayan fiye da asusun Twitter miliyan 3.5 sun goyi bayan siyar, Musk ya sayar da dala biliyan 6.9 na hannun jari na Tesla a cikin mako guda,[109] da jimlar dala biliyan 16.4 a ƙarshen shekara, ya kai 10% manufa.[110]. A cikin Fabrairu 2022, The Wall Street Journal ya ba da rahoton cewa duka Musk da ɗan'uwansa Kimbal suna ƙarƙashin bincike daga Hukumar Tsaro da Canjin (SEC) don yuwuwar ciniki mai alaƙa da siyarwar.[111] A cikin 2022, Musk ya buɗe Optimus, wani mutum-mutumi da Tesla ya kera shi.[112] A cikin Yuni 2023, Musk ya gana da Firayim Ministan Indiya Narendra Modi a birnin New York, yana mai cewa yana sha'awar saka hannun jari a Indiya "da wuri-wuri na ɗan adam"[113].


SolarCity da Tesla Energy

Musk ya ba da ra'ayi na farko da babban kuɗin kuɗi don SolarCity, wanda 'yan uwansa Lyndon da Peter Rive suka kafa a 2006.[114] A shekara ta 2013, SolarCity ita ce ta biyu mafi girma na samar da tsarin wutar lantarki a Amurka.[115] A cikin shekarar 2014, Musk ya haɓaka ra'ayin SolarCity na gina wani ci-gaba na samar da kayan aiki a Buffalo, New York, girman masana'antar hasken rana mafi girma a Amurka.[116] An fara gina masana'antar a cikin 2014 kuma an kammala shi a cikin 2017. Yana aiki azaman haɗin gwiwa tare da Panasonic har zuwa farkon 2020.[117].

Tesla ya sami SolarCity akan dala biliyan 2 a cikin 2016 kuma ya haɗa shi da na'urar batir don ƙirƙirar Tesla Energy. Sanarwar yarjejeniyar ta haifar da raguwar fiye da 10% a farashin hannun jari na Tesla; a lokacin, SolarCity na fuskantar matsalolin kudi.[118] Ƙungiyoyin masu hannun jari da yawa sun shigar da kara a kan masu gudanarwa na Musk da Tesla, suna cewa sayen SolarCity an yi shi ne kawai don amfanar Musk kuma ya zo ne a kan Tesla da masu hannun jari.[119]. Daraktocin Tesla sun sasanta karar a watan Janairu 2020, inda suka bar Musk shi kadai ya rage wanda ake tuhuma.[120] Bayan shekaru biyu, kotu ta yankewa Musk hukunci .[121]

Neuralink

A cikin 2016, Musk ya haɗu da Neuralink, kamfani na farawa na neurotechnology, tare da saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 100.[122] Neuralink yana nufin haɗa kwakwalwar ɗan adam tare da basirar wucin gadi (AI) ta hanyar ƙirƙirar na'urori waɗanda ke cikin kwakwalwa. Irin wannan fasaha na iya haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko ba da damar na'urorin su sadarwa tare da software.[123] Har ila yau, kamfanin yana fatan samar da na'urorin da za a yi amfani da su don magance cututtuka irin su cutar Mantuwa, ciwon hauka, da raunin kashin baya.[124]

A cikin 2019, Musk ya ba da sanarwar aiki a kan na'ura mai kama da na'urar dinki wanda zai iya shigar da zaren cikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam.[125] A cikin wata takarda na Oktoba na 2019 wanda ya yi cikakken bayani game da wasu binciken Neuralink, [126] Musk an jera shi a matsayin marubuci kaɗai, wanda ya ba masu binciken Neuralink daraja.[127] A wani zanga-zangar raye-raye na 2020, Musk ya bayyana ɗayan na'urorin su na farko a matsayin "Fitbit a cikin kwanyar ku" wanda zai iya warkar da ciwon gurgu, kurma, makanta, da sauran nakasa. Yawancin masana kimiyyar neuroscientists da wallafe-wallafe sun soki waɗannan da'awar, [128] tare da MIT Technology Review yana kwatanta su a matsayin "masu hasashe" da "gidan wasan kwaikwayo na neuroscience".[129]. A yayin zanga-zangar, Musk ya bayyana wani alade tare da dasa shuki na Neuralink wanda ke bibiyar ayyukan jijiyoyi masu alaka da wari.[130] A cikin 2022, Neuralink ya sanar da cewa gwajin asibiti zai fara a ƙarshen shekara.[131]

Neuralink ya kara yin gwajin dabba akan birai macaque a Jami'ar California, Davis' Primate Research Center. A cikin 2021, kamfanin ya fitar da bidiyo wanda Macaque ya buga wasan bidiyo Pong ta hanyar shigar Neuralink. Gwajin dabbobin da kamfanin ya yi—wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar wasu birai—ya kai ga zargin cin zarafin dabbobi. Kwamitin Likitoci don Kula da Magunguna ya yi zargin cewa gwajin dabbobin Neuralink ya saba wa Dokar Kula da Dabbobi.[132] Ma'aikata sun koka da cewa matsin lamba daga Musk don hanzarta ci gaba ya haifar da gwajin gwaji da kuma mutuwar dabbobin da ba dole ba. A cikin 2022, an ƙaddamar da wani bincike na tarayya game da yiwuwar cin zarafin jindadin dabbobi ta hanyar Neuralink.[133] A cikin Satumba 2023, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta amince da Neuralink don fara gwajin ɗan adam, kuma tana shirin yin nazari na shekaru shida.[134]

The Boring Company

A cikin 2017, Musk ya kafa The Boring Company don gina ramuka, kuma ya bayyana tsare-tsaren na musamman, karkashin kasa, manyan motoci da za su iya tafiya har zuwa mil 150 a cikin sa'a (240 km / h) kuma ta haka ne ke zagaya zirga-zirgar sama a cikin manyan biranen. [135] A farkon 2017, kamfanin ya fara tattaunawa tare da hukumomin gudanarwa kuma ya ƙaddamar da ginin ƙafa 30 (9.1 m) faɗi, ƙafa 50 (15 m) tsayi, da 15-ƙafa (4.6 m) zurfin "ramin gwaji" a kan harabar. na ofisoshin SpaceX, saboda hakan bai buƙaci izini ba.[136] Ramin Los Angeles, wanda bai wuce mil biyu (kilomita 3.2) ba, an yi muhawara ga 'yan jarida a cikin 2018. Ya yi amfani da Tesla Model Xs kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya kasance mai tsauri yayin tafiya cikin sauri mafi girma.[137]

Ayyukan rami guda biyu da aka sanar a cikin 2018, a cikin Chicago da West Los Angeles, an soke su.[138] Koyaya, an kammala wani rami a ƙarƙashin Cibiyar Taron Las Vegas a farkon 2021[139]. Jami'an yankin sun amince da ƙarin fadada tsarin ramin.[140]

Twitter / X

Musk ya bayyana sha'awar shi ta siyan Twitter tun a farkon 2017, [141] kuma ya nuna shakku kan sadaukarwar dandamali ga 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki[142]. Bugu da ƙari, tsohuwar matarsa ​​Talulah Riley ta bukace shi da ya sayi Twitter don dakatar da " farkawa "[143]. A cikin Janairu 2022, Musk ya fara siyan hannun jari na Twitter, ya kai kashi 9.2% a watan Afrilu, [144] ya mai da shi mafi girman hannun jari. Bayar da jama'a ta farko ta 2013.[145] A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Musk ya amince da yarjejeniyar da za ta nada shi a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Twitter kuma ya hana shi samun fiye da 14.9% na kamfanin.[146]. Koyaya, a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, Musk ya ba da tayin dala biliyan 43 don siyan Twitter, inda ya ƙaddamar da tayin ɗaukar nauyi don siyan 100% na hannun jari na Twitter akan $ 54.20 akan kowane rabo.[147]. Dangane da mayar da martani, hukumar Twitter ta yi amfani da tsarin haƙƙin masu hannun jari na "kwayoyin guba" don yin tsada ga kowane mai saka jari ya mallaki fiye da kashi 15% na kamfani ba tare da amincewar hukumar ba.[148][ Duk da haka, a karshen watan Musk ya yi nasarar kammala tayin nasa na kusan dala biliyan 44.[149]. Wannan ya haɗa da kusan dala biliyan 12.5 a cikin lamuni a kan hannun jarinsa na Tesla da dala biliyan 21 a cikin kuɗin kuɗi na gaskiya.[150]

Ƙimar kasuwar hannun jari ta Tesla ta ragu da sama da dala biliyan 100 a washegari saboda amsa ga yarjejeniyar.[151] Daga bisani ya aika da sakon Twitter ga mabiyansa miliyan 86 suna sukar manufofin shugabar Twitter Vijaya Gadde, wanda ya kai ga wasu daga cikinsu suna yin lalata da kuma cin zarafin mata.[152] Daidai wata guda bayan sanar da kwace mulki, Musk ya bayyana cewa yarjejeniyar ta kasance "a kan ci gaba" biyo bayan rahoton cewa kashi 5% na masu amfani da Twitter na yau da kullun sun kasance asusun banza.[153] Ko da yake da farko ya tabbatar da kudurin sa na sayen,[154] ya aika da sanarwar kawo karshen yarjejeniyar a watan Yuli; Kwamitin gudanarwa na Twitter ya mayar da martani cewa, sun himmatu wajen rike shi kan wannan ciniki[155]. A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2022, Twitter a hukumance ya kai karar Musk a Kotun Chancery na Delaware saboda keta yarjejeniya ta doka ta siyan Twitter.[156] A cikin Oktoba 2022, Musk ya sake juyawa, yana ba da siyan Twitter akan $54.20 kowace rabo.[156] A ranar 27 ga Oktoba ne aka kammala sayan a hukumance.[157]

Nan da nan bayan sayan, Musk ya kori wasu manyan jami'an Twitter da suka hada da Shugaba Parag Agrawal;[157] Musk ya zama Shugaba a maimakon haka.[158] Ya kafa biyan kuɗi na $7.99 na wata-wata don "cack blue", [159] kuma ya kori wani yanki mai mahimmanci na ma'aikatan kamfanin.[160]. Musk ya rage daidaita abun ciki, gami da maido da asusu kamar Babylon Bee.[161] Cibiyar Dokar Talauci ta Kudancin ta lura cewa Twitter ya tabbatar da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da yawa;[162] maganganun ƙiyayya kuma sun karu a kan dandamali bayan kama shi.[163].

A cikin Disamba 2022, Musk ya fitar da takardu na cikin gida da suka danganci daidaitawar Twitter na muhawarar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka Hunter Biden a gaban zaben shugaban kasa na 2020.[164] An buga sharhi game da waɗannan takardun cikin gida ta 'yan jarida Matt Taibbi, Bari Weiss, Michael Shellenberger da sauransu a kan Twitter a matsayin Fayilolin Twitter. Musk da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican da dama sun yi zargin cewa takardun sun nuna hukumar FBI ta tsunduma cikin binciken gwamnati ta hanyar ba da umarnin Twitter da ta dakile wani labari na New York Post game da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Da aka duba takardun, Taibbi ya ce bai sami wata hujja da za ta tabbatar da wannan zargi ba, kuma lauyoyin Twitter sun musanta zargin a cikin karar da aka shigar a gaban kotu[165]. Kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka mai kula da harkokin shari'a ya gudanar da zaman sauraren ra'ayoyin jama'a kan Fayilolin Twitter a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2023, inda Taibbi da Shellenberger suka ba da shaida.[166]

A ƙarshen 2022, Musk ya yi alƙawarin yin murabus a matsayin Shugaba bayan wani ra'ayi na Twitter da Musk ya buga ya gano cewa yawancin masu amfani suna son ya yi hakan.[167] Bayan watanni biyar, Musk ya sauka daga Shugaba kuma ya sanya tsohuwar shugabar NBCUniversal Linda Yaccarino a matsayin kuma ya canza aikinsa zuwa shugaban zartarwa da babban jami'in fasaha.[168].

A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2023, a wata Kotun Gundumar Amurka da ke Texas, X ta shigar da ƙarar da ke nuna cewa Media Matters ta “taɓare” dandali na X, ta yadda ta yi amfani da asusun ajiyar da ke bin manyan kamfanoni, kuma ta “koma zuwa gungurawa da wartsakewa” abincin. har sai da ta sami tallace-tallace kusa da sakonnin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi[169].

Salon Jagorancin shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana bayyana Musk sau da yawa a matsayin micromanager kuma ya kira kansa "nano-manager" [170]. Jaridar New York Times ta siffanta tsarinsa a matsayin mai bin gaskiya[171]. Musk baya yin tsare-tsaren kasuwanci na yau da kullun.[172] Ya tilasta wa ma'aikata yin amfani da nasu jargon na kamfanin kuma ya ƙaddamar da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa, masu haɗari, da kuma tsada masu tsada a kan shawarwarin masu ba da shawara, kamar cire radar gaba daga Tesla Autopilot. Dagewar sa akan haɗin kai tsaye yana sa kamfanoninsa su motsa yawancin samarwa a cikin gida. Yayin da wannan ya haifar da ajiyar kuɗi don roka na SpaceX,[173]haɗin kai tsaye (kamar na 2018) ya haifar da matsalolin amfani da yawa ga software na cikin gida na Tesla.[170]yana buƙatar sabuntawa

Musk yana mu'amala da ma'aikata - waɗanda yake tattaunawa da su kai tsaye ta hanyar imel ɗin jama'a - an siffanta su da "karas da sanda", yana ba da lada ga waɗanda "wadanda suke ba da zargi mai ma'ana" yayin da kuma aka san su da barazana, zagi, da korar ma'aikatansa.[174] Musk ya ce yana tsammanin ma'aikatansa za su yi aiki na tsawon sa'o'i, wani lokacin sa'o'i 80 a kowane mako.[175] Yana da sabbin ma'aikatansa sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da ba a bayyana su ba kuma galibi suna yin wuta a cikin tashin hankali, [176] kamar lokacin Model 3 "production hell" a cikin 2018.[176]. A cikin 2022, Musk ya bayyana shirin korar kashi 10 na ma'aikatan Tesla, saboda damuwarsa game da tattalin arziki.[177] A wannan watan, ya dakatar da ayyukan nesa a SpaceX da Tesla kuma ya yi barazanar korar ma'aikatan da ba sa aiki na sa'o'i 40 a kowane mako a ofis.[178]Ya kori fiye da kashi 10 na ma'aikatan Tesla a farkon 2024.

Wasu sun yaba da jagorancin Musk, wadanda suka yaba da nasarar Tesla da sauran ayyukansa, [174] da kuma sukar da wasu suka yi, wadanda suke ganin shi a matsayin maras kyau da kuma yanke shawara na gudanarwa a matsayin "nunawa [da] rashin fahimtar ɗan adam"[176] Littafin Power Play na 2021 yana ƙunshe da bayanan Musk na cin mutuncin ma'aikata.[179] Jaridar Wall Street Journal ta ruwaito cewa, bayan Musk ya dage kan sanya motocinsa a matsayin "masu tuki da kansu", ya fuskanci suka daga injiniyoyinsa saboda sanya "rayuwar abokin ciniki cikin haɗari", tare da wasu [ƙididdigar] ma'aikatan da suka yi murabus a cikin 2017 a sakamakon haka [180]




Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ https://www.marketwatch.com/story/ibm-pulls-ads-from-x-after-elon-musks-incendiary-comments-over-white-pride-e69fe7b4
  2. ↑ https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/elon-musk-s-neuralink-puts-computer-chips-pigs-brains-bid-n1238782
  3. ↑ * "Inside Elon Musk's Humanitarian Efforts". March 15, 2018.
  4. ↑ LaMonica, Martin (September 2009). "Tesla Motors founders: Now there are five". CNET. Retrieved April 17, 2020. Tesla Motors and co-founder Martin Eberhard announced an agreement over who can claim to be a founder of the company on Monday.
  5. ↑ Schwartz, Ariel (September 21, 2009). "Tesla Lawsuit Drama Ends as Five Company Founders Emerge". Fast Company. Retrieved April 14, 2020. Eberhard and Musk have reached a rather unexpected resolution–instead of agreeing to share the title of "founder", the pair has designated five people as company founders, including Musk, Eberhard, JB Straubel, Mark Tarpenning, and Ian Wright.
  6. ↑ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Real Time Billionaires". Forbes. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Elon Musk". Bloomberg: Elon Musk net worth.
  9. ↑ https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/11/business/elon-musk-ian-bremmer-putin-ukraine-intl-hnk/index.html
  10. ↑ https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/27/elon-musk-wins-shareholder-lawsuit-over-the-companys-2point6-billion-solarcity-acquisition.html
  11. ↑ Eligon, John; Chutel, Lynsey (May 5, 2022). "Elon Musk Left a South Africa That Was Rife With Misinformation and White Privilege". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  12. ↑ Elliott, Hannah (March 26, 2012). "At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  13. ↑ Vargas, Chanel (March 6, 2018). "11 Things to Know About Stunning 69-Year-Old Model Maye Musk". Town & Country. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  14. ↑ Hull, Dana; May, Patrick. "Exploring the otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on September 26, 2022. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
  15. ↑ Usborne, Simon (February 21, 2018). "Meet the Musks: who's who in Elon's extended family?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  16. ↑ Kay, Grace (September 30, 2023). "Elon Musk's dad, 77, says he'd have more kids — but only if he could find a woman under 35". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Smith, Adam (June 28, 2021). "50 years of Elon Musk's huge wealth, from emeralds to SpaceX and Tesla". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021. teenage Elon Musk once walked the streets of New York with emeralds in his pocket. His father said: "We were very wealthy. We had so much money at times we couldn't even close our safe," adding that one person would have to hold the money in place with another closing the door. "And then there'd still be all these notes sticking out and we'd sort of pull them out and put them in our pockets
  18. ↑ Crellin, Zac (September 22, 2023). "Elon Musk's Dad Shares Deadly Secrets of Fabled Emerald Mine". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
  19. ↑ Eligon, John; Chutel, Lynsey (May 5, 2022). "Elon Musk Left a South Africa That Was Rife With Misinformation and White Privilege". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  20. ↑ Hull, Dana; May, Patrick (April 10, 2014). "2014: Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on September 6, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  21. ↑ "does Elon Musk have PTSD? Biographer Walter Isaacson says the billionaire's turbulent childhood with an abusive father left him scarred".
  22. ↑ Hall, Dana (April 11, 2014). "Rocket Man: The otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  23. ↑ Strauss, Neil (November 15, 2017). "Elon Musk: The Architect of Tomorrow". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  24. ↑ "Hoërskool Bryanston se hoof hartseer oor Elon Musk geboelie is".
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Isaacson (2023), pp. 2–3.
  26. ↑ Elon Musk shares the science fiction book series that inspired him to start SpaceX". CNBC. February 22, 2020. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023
  27. ↑ Vance (2017), p. 38.
  28. ↑ O'Kane, Sean (June 9, 2015). "Play the PC game Elon Musk wrote as a pre-teen". The Verge. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  29. ↑ Mak, Aaron (December 4, 2019). "Elon Musk Says 'Pedo Guy' Was a Common Insult in His Youth. We Checked With His Schoolmates". Slate. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  30. ↑ Isaacson (2023), p. 26.
  31. ↑ Clifford, Catherine (June 12, 2018). "Multi-billionaire Elon Musk: 'I arrived in North America at 17 with $2,000'". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  32. ↑ Eligon, John; Chutel, Lynsey (May 5, 2022). "Elon Musk Left a South Africa That Was Rife With Misinformation and White Privilege". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  33. ↑ Junod, Tom (November 15, 2012). "Elon Musk: Triumph of His Will". Esquire. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  34. ↑ Vance (2017), pp. 43–44. What rarely gets mentions is that Musk attended the University of Pretoria for five months before heading off on his grand adventure. ... Musk characterized the time at university as just something to do while he awaited his Canadian documentation.
  35. ↑ Vance (2017), p. 45. After a 1,900-mile bus ride, he ended up in Swift Current, a town of fifteen thousands people. Musk called a second cousin out of the blue from the bus station and hitched a ride to his house.
  36. ↑ Vance (2017), p. 46. Musk spent the next year working a series of odd jobs around Canada. He tended vegetables and shoved out grain bins at a cousin's farm located in the tiny town of Waldeck. ... He inquired about the job with the best wage, which turned out to be a gig cleaning the boiler room of a lumber mill for eighteen dollars an hour.
  37. ↑ Locke, Taylor (December 20, 2019). "Elon Musk's college pal: This is what 'differentiates Elon from the rest of humanity'". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2021
  38. ↑ Shoichet, Catherine E. (September 29, 2024). "Elon Musk once described his past immigration status as a 'gray area'". CNN. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  39. ↑ Kasprak, Alex (December 21, 2022). "Does Elon Musk Have an Undergraduate Degree in Physics?". Snopes. Archived from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  40. ↑ Hern, Alex (February 9, 2018). "Elon Musk: the real-life Iron Man". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
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