Euphemia Eleanor Baker
 Euphemia Eleanor Baker | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Goldsborough (en)  , 25 ga Maris, 1880 |
| ƙasa | Asturaliya |
| Mutuwa |
Waverley (en) , 2 ga Janairu, 1968 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Grenville College (en) |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | mai daukar hoto |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Baha'i |
Euphemia Eleanor Baker (aka Effie Baker ) (1880-1968) 'yar daukar hoto ce a Australiya, kuma mabiya kuma mai ba da shawara ga Baha'i Faith . Da farko ta ɗauki hotuna na furan nin daji a Australiya kuma ta buga su a cikin ɗan littafin. Daga baya, bayan ta zama mabiyar addinin Baha’i a shekara ta 1922, ta ɗauki hotuna na abubuwan tarihi na Baha’i a Australiya da New Zealand da Iraki da Farisa, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin fassarar littafin nan The Dawn-Breakers na Shoghi Effendi . Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu ɗaukar hoto na Baha'i.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Baker Euphemia Eleanor (Effie) Baker a ranar 25 ga Maris 1880 a Goldsborough, Victoria . Mahaifinta shine John Baker, mai harkar ma'adinai, mahaifiyar ta kuma Margaret, 'yar uwarta Smith; Ita ce babbar 'ya'yansu ta goma sha daya. Lokacin da ta ƙaura a 1886 zuwa Ballarat don zama tare da kaka nin ta, kakan ta Henry Evans Baker, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da farko a Ballarat Observatory, ya ba da sha'awarta ga kayan kimiya, tunani mai zurfi, da juyin halitta. Daga nan ta yi sha'awar samun ilimin daukar hoto na kimiyya. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Clarendon, Makarantar Jiha ta Mount Pleasant, da Kwalejin Grenville. Daga nan ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Gabas ta Ballarat, sannan ta sami ilimi game da launuka da ƙa'idodi a makarantar Ballarat Fine Art Gallery ƙarƙashin jagorancin PM Carew-Smyth. [1] A cikin 1892, ta kuma koyi da wasan piano a ƙarƙashin Edgar Nicolas, sanannen ɗan wasan piano, kuma ta ba da wasan piano a Royal South Street Eisteddfod, kuma ta sami kyaututtuka. [2]
Mai daukar hoto[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 1898, ta haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto a Perth sannan a Ballarat a 1899; sai ta fara daukar hotuna da kyamarar kwata-kwata wacce inna Pheme (yar uwar Henry Baker ta ba ta). Da farko ta yi albam din wadan nan hotu nan kuma ta gabatar da su ga iyayenta. A cikin 1900, ta koma Black Rock, Melbourne, kuma ta zauna tare da babbar uwarta Euphemia, wacce ita ce shugabar shugaba kuma wanda nasararsa ta rinjayi ta. A cikin 1914 ta buga wani ɗan littafi na Furen daji na Australiya wanda ke ɗauke da hotuna bakwai masu launin hannu da ta ɗauka. An sake buga wannan ɗan littafin a 1917, 1921, da 1922. Ta kuma sayi da sayar da kayan wasan yara masu kyau na katako, ta yi gidajen tsana don sadaka, da fentin launukan ruwa na furannin Australiya.
Imani Baha'i[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A shekara ta 1922, an sami canji sosai a addinin ta sa’ad da ta sadu da Clara Dunn da John Henry Hyde Dunn, waɗanda suke yaɗa bangaskiyar Baha’i da aka kafa a Farisa a ƙarni na sha tara. Ta halarci laccarsu kan bangaskiyar Baha’i a Melbourne tare da kawarta Ruby Beaver. Koyarwar wannan bangaskiya ta rinjaye ta sosai har ta zama Baha’i a shekara ta 1922. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta karɓi wannan bangaskiya a Ostiraliya.
Tattara bayanan addinan Bahaʼi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A shekara ta 1923, Baker ta yi tafiya zuwa Tasmania, Yammacin Ostareliya, da New Zealand tare da Martha Root, malama Bahaʼí kuma ƙwararri yar Esperantist . Sa’ad da take son ziyar tar wuraren bautar Baha’i da ke Haifa, Falasdinu ta sha fama da gubar dalma domin ta lasa fenti. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da aikin hajji a cikin Janairu 1925, da fatan cewa tafiya ta teku zai warkar da ita. Bayan hajiyar ta ta yi wata shida a Ingila. Sai ta karɓi gayyata daga Shoghi Effendi, The Guardian (shugaban) ban gaskiyar Bahá'í, ta zauna a Haifa, a matsa yin mai masau kin baki na sabon masau kin da ake nufi da mahajjatan Baha'i daga ƙasa shen yamma. Yayin da take aiki a can ta sami abokai da yawa. Shoghi Effendi ta ji daɗin aikinta na daukar hoto, kuma ta haɗa da hotu nan da ta ɗauka na lambu nan tarihi a Dutsen Karmel da kuma wasu a cikin littafin shekara na Baha'i.
A shekara ta 1930, bisa roƙon Effendi, Baker ta zagaya incognito, galibi sanye da baƙar chador, don ɗaukar hotunan tushen addinan Babí da Baháʼí. Tafiya a Gabas ta Tsakiya tana da haɗari ga mata, kuma ana tsanan ta wa Bahaʼi. A karkashin waɗan nan yanayi ta yi tafiya na watanni 8 tsakanin 1930 zuwa 1931 kuma ta ɗauki hotuna dubu na wurare da abubuwan tunawa da suka shafi tarihin Imani na Baha'i, duk da rashin kayan aiki da kayan hoto; An buga 400 daga cikin wadan nan hotuna. Ta haɓaka fina-finan a ƙarƙashin hasken wata kuma ta tabbatar da cewa kowane hoto yana da kyau kafin ta bar wurin. Bayan wannan rangadi ta koma Haifa. Shoghi Effendi ta haɗa da wasu hotu nan da ta ɗauka a matsayin wani ɓangare na littafinta The Dawn-Breakers (1932), wanda fassarar littafin Nabíl-i-Aʻzam ne kan tushen addinai. [1] [2]
Komawa Ostiraliya kuma daga baya rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin Fabrairu 1936, Baker ta koma Goldsborough kuma ta zauna tare da mahaifiyar ta kuma daga baya tare da 'yar uwarta daga 1945. A shekara ta 1963 ta ƙaura zuwa wani ƙaramin gida a Paddington a birnin Sydney, inda hedkwatar ƙasar Baha’i take a lokacin. Ta yi aiki a hedkwatar Baha'i a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma ta halarci wuraren adana kayan tarihi.
Baker ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1968 a Waverley . An yi jana’izar ta a Bahá’í kuma aka binne ta a makabartar Mona Vale a ranar 4 ga Janairu. Hidimar ta samu halarta sosai, musamman mutanen Baha’i Faith da suka zo daga Makarantar Summer School na Yerrinbool.