Gudanar da sharar gida

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Gudanar da sharar gida
industry (en) Fassara, process (en) Fassara da academic discipline (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na sustainability and environmental management (en) Fassara da energy and environmental engineering (en) Fassara
Bangare na European Waste Hierarchy (en) Fassara
Gudanarwan Q1050142 Fassara, garbage collector (en) Fassara, Q1191617 Fassara, waste manager (en) Fassara da waste management industry (en) Fassara
Motar tattara shara ta musamman tana ba da tarin sharar gari na yau da kullun a wata unguwa a Stockholm, Sweden
Masu diban shara suna kona sharar lantarki a Agbogbloshie, wani wuri kusa da Accra a Ghana wanda ke sarrafa ɗimbin sharar lantarki na duniya. Masu zaɓen suna ƙone robobin daga kayan, kuma suna tattara karafa don sake amfani da su. Duk da haka wannan tsari yana fallasa masu zaɓe da al'ummominsu ga hayaƙi mai guba.
Kwantena don tarin sharar mabukaci a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Gdańsk
Gidan sake amfani da sharar gida don samar da makamashi don sharar da ba a fitar da shi zuwa kasashen waje

Gudanar da sharar gida ko zubar da shara, ya haɗa da matakai da ayyukan da ake buƙata don sarrafa sharar tun daga farkonsa zuwa zubar da shi na ƙarshe. [1] Wannan ya haɗa da tattarawa, jigilar kaya, jiyya da zubar da sharar gida, tare da sa ido da daidaita tsarin sarrafa sharar gida da dokokin da suka shafi sharar gida, fasaha, hanyoyin tattalin arziki.

Sharar gida na iya zama matsalar, ruwa, ko iskar gas kuma kowane nau'in yana da hanyoyi daban-daban na zubarwa da gudanarwa. Gudanar da sharar gida yana hulɗa da kowane nau'in sharar gida, gami da masana'antu, nazarin halittu, gida, gundumomi, kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta, sharar rediyo. A wasu lokuta, sharar gida na iya haifar da barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam.[2] Abubuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya suna da alaƙa a cikin duk tsarin sarrafa sharar gida. Har ila yau, al'amurran kiwon lafiya na iya tasowa a kaikaice ko kai tsaye: kai tsaye ta hanyar sarrafa shara, da kuma a kaikaice ta hanyar amfani da ruwa, ƙasa da abinci. Sharar gida tana samuwa ne ta hanyar[3] ayyukan ɗan adam, misali, hakowa da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa.[4] An yi nufin sarrafa sharar gida don rage illar da sharar gida ke haifarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam, muhalli, albarkatun ƙasa da ƙawa.

Manufar sarrafa sharar dai ita ce rage illar da irin wannan sharar ke haifarwa ga muhalli da lafiyar dan Adam. Babban sashi na sarrafa sharar yana hulɗar da ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida, wanda masana'antu, kasuwanci, da ayyukan gida suka ƙirƙira.

Ayyukan sarrafa shara ba daidai ba ne a tsakanin ƙasashe ( ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa ); yankuna ( birane da karkara ), da kuma wuraren zama da masana'antu duk na iya ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban.[5]

Gudanar da sharar gida da kyau yana da mahimmanci don gina birane masu dorewa da rayuwa, amma ya kasance kalubale ga yawancin ƙasashe da birane masu tasowa. Wani rahoto ya gano cewa ingantaccen sarrafa shara yana da tsada sosai, yawanci ya ƙunshi kashi 20 – 50% na kasafin kuɗi na birni. Yin aiki da wannan muhimmin sabis na birni yana buƙatar haɗaɗɗen tsarin da ke da inganci, masu dorewa, da tallafin zamantakewa.[6] Babban kaso na ayyukan sarrafa sharar suna hulɗa da sharar gida (MSW) wanda shine mafi yawan sharar da ayyukan gida, masana'antu, da kasuwanci ke ƙirƙira.[7]A cewar kwamitin kula da sauyin yanayi (IPCC), dattin datti na birni ana sa ran zai kai kusan 3.4 Gt nan da shekarar 2050; duk da haka, manufofi da dokoki na iya rage yawan sharar da ake samarwa a yankuna da birane daban-daban na duniya.[8]Matakan sarrafa sharar gida sun haɗa da matakan haɗin gwiwar hanyoyin fasaha da tattalin arziki[9] na tattalin arziƙin madauwari, wuraren zubar da inganci, sarrafa fitarwa da shigo da kaya [10][11] da ingantaccen ƙira mai dorewa na samfuran da aka samar.

A cikin nazari na farko na tsari na shaidar kimiyya game da sharar duniya, sarrafa shi da tasirinsa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da rayuwa, marubuta sun kammala cewa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duk sharar ƙasa ba a tattara ba kuma ƙarin na huɗu ba a sarrafa shi ba daidai ba bayan tattarawa, sau da yawa. ana konewa a bude da gobarar da ba a sarrafa ba - ko kusan tan biliyan daya a kowace shekara idan aka hada su. Sun kuma gano cewa faffadan fifiko kowannensu ba shi da “tsayin bincike mai inganci”, wani bangare saboda rashi “babban tallafin bincike ”, wanda kwararrun masana kimiyya sukan bukata. [12][13] Sharar lantarki (ewaste) ya haɗa da na'urorin kwamfuta da aka jefar, na'urorin uwa, wayoyin hannu da caja, ƙaramin fayafai (CD), belun kunne, na'urorin talabijin, na'urorin sanyaya iska da firiji. Bisa kididdigar da Global E-waste Monitor 2017, Indiya na samar da ~ ton miliyan 2 na sharar lantarki a kowace shekara, kuma tana matsayi na biyar a cikin kasashe masu samar da sharar lantarki, bayan Amurka, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, Japan da Jamus .[14]

Ingantacciyar 'Gudanar da Sharar gida' ta ƙunshi aikin '7R' - 'R'efuse,' R'educe', 'R'euse', 'R'epair, 'R'epurpose ,'R'ecycle and'R'ecover. Daga cikin waɗannan '7R's, biyu na farko ('Kin' da 'Rage') suna da alaƙa da rashin ƙirƙirar sharar gida - ta ƙin siyan samfuran da ba su da mahimmanci kuma ta hanyar rage amfani. Biyu na gaba ('Sake amfani' da 'Gyara') suna nufin ƙara yawan amfanin samfuran da ake dasu, tare da ko ba tare da musanya wasu sassan samfurin ba. 'Maidawa' da 'Sake fa'ida' ya ƙunshi iyakar amfani da kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin samfurin, kuma 'Maida' shine mafi ƙarancin fifiko kuma mafi ƙarancin aikin sarrafa sharar da ya haɗa da dawo da kuzarin da aka saka a cikin kayan sharar. Misali, kona sharar gida don samar da zafi (da wutar lantarki daga zafi). Hakanan ana zubar da wasu samfuran da ba su lalace ba a matsayin 'zubar da ruwa', kuma wannan ba al'adar "sharar-sharar" ba ce.[15]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division – Environment Statistics". unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  2. ↑ "Editorial Board/Aims & Scope". Waste Management. 34 (3): IFC. March 2014. doi:10.1016/S0956-053X(14)00026-9.
  3. ↑ Giusti, L. (2009-08-01). "A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health". Waste Management (in Turanci). 29 (8): 2227–2239. Bibcode:2009WaMan..29.2227G. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.028. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 19401266. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  4. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Environment Statistics". unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  5. ↑ Davidson, Gary (June 2011). "Waste Management Practices: Literature Review" (PDF). Dalhousie University – Office of Sustainability. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  6. ↑ "Solid Waste Management". World Bank (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
  7. ↑ "Glossary of environmental and waste management terms". Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2003. pp. 337–465. doi:10.1016/B978-075067507-9/50010-3. ISBN 9780750675079.
  8. ↑ "Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change". www.ipcc.ch (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-05.
  9. ↑ Gollakota, Anjani R. K.; Gautam, Sneha; Shu, Chi-Min (1 May 2020). "Inconsistencies of e-waste management in developing nations – Facts and plausible solutions". Journal of Environmental Management (in Turanci). 261: 110234. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110234. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 32148304. S2CID 212641354. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  10. ↑ Elegba, S. B. (2006). "Import/export control of radioactive sources in Nigeria". Safety and security of radioactive sources: Towards a global system for the continuous control of sources throughout their life cycle. Proceedings of an international conference (in English). Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ↑ "E –Waste Management through Regulations" (PDF). International Journal of Engineering Inventions. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  12. ↑ "Health crisis: Up to a billion tons of waste potentially burned in the open every year". phys.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  13. ↑ Cook, E.; Velis, C. A. (6 January 2021). "Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life". Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  14. ↑ R. Dhana, Raju (2021). "Waste Management in India – An Overview" (PDF). United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) (in English). 02 (7): 175–196. eISSN 2582-6832. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ↑ Sankar, Ajith (2015). (First ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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