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Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Uganda

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Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Uganda
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Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Uganda yana da alaƙa da wahalhalu wajen cimma ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ƙasa da ƙasa ga kowane ɗan ƙasa. Waɗannan matsalolin sun ta'allaƙa ne kan samar da ingantattun wuraren tsafta, ƙaura daga cikin gida, haɓaka isassun ababen more rayuwa, da kuma musgunawa al'ummar LGBT, mata, da yara. Duk da haka, Uganda tana, kamar yadda Gidan Yanar Gizo na Relief ya ɗauki nauyin Bayanan Bil'adama - 2012, yana yin babban ci gaba a wannan yanki.

A cikin rahoton Freedom in the World 2020, Freedom House ta bayyana Uganda a matsayin kasar da ake ganin ba ta da ''Ba 'Yanci ba''. [1] Akwai wurare da dama da ake damuwa game da yancin ɗan adam a Uganda, kuma rarrabuwar "Ba 'Yanci ba" ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin 'yancin siyasa da martabar 'yancin ɗan adam. [1]

Rikici a arewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun bayan da ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye daban-daban suka fara yaƙar gwamnatin shugaba Yoweri Museveni, tun daga watan Agustan shekara ta 1986, kimanin 'yan Uganda miliyan biyu ne suka rasa matsugunansu kuma an kashe dubunnan dubbai. Kimanin yara guda 67,000 ne ƙungiyar LRA ta yi garkuwa da su domin yin amfani da su a matsayin yara soja da bayi tun daga shekara ta 1987.

Rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita buɗe wuta a shekara ta 2006, sakamakon nasarar yaƙin da sojojin Uganda suka yi, ya kawo karshen tashin hankalin da kungiyar LRA ke yi a Uganda.

Rikicin da ya ɓarke a arewacin ƙasar a baya tsakanin sojojin Uganda (UPDF) da na Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) ya durkusar da tattalin arziƙin ƙasar, tare da kawo koma baya ga ci gaban yankunan da abin ya shafa, tare da haifar da cin zarafin bil'adama da dama. Wannan cin zarafi ya ta'allaka ne a kan rashin tanadin gaggawar da aka tanadar wa 'yan gudun hijirar da suka tsere daga gidajensu don gujewa LRA. A cikin shekaru goma sha biyu tun lokacin da aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar yaki [2] da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka rasa matsugunansu sun koma gidajensu kuma ana ci gaba da shirin gyarawa da sake gina su. Gwamnatin Uganda da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun amince cewa wannan aiki ne da ke ci gaba kuma dole ne a sami ci gaba mai yawa. Dangane da haka an ƙaddamar da shirin gyarawa

Dominic Ongwen, wanda yaro ne soja kuma daya daga cikin jagororin Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) ya kasance a ranar 02-04-2021 Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa (ICC) ta yanke masa hukunci kan laifukan jima'i da jinsi da dama, 70. laifuffuka masu yawa kuma an same shi da laifuka 61 kuma an aikata wadannan laifuka tsakanin 1 ga Yulin shekara ta 2002 zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2005 a Arewacin Uganda.[3][4] [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]


Zaluntar 'yan luwadi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009, an gabatar da wani kudiri a Majalisar Dokokin Uganda mai taken " Bidi'ar Yaki da Luwadi na 2009 " da ke neman a yanke hukunci mai tsauri ga 'yan luwadi, har da kuma hukuncin kisa. [12] Kamar yadda aka tsara tun farko kuma aka gabatar da wannan kudurin dokar ta kuma bukaci duk wani dan kasar da ya zargi wani da laifin yin luwadi, da ya kai rahoton dan luwadi ga ‘yan sanda, ko kuma su ma za su iya samun tarar ko zaman gidan yari. Kudirin da aka gabatar ya kai ga hana masu gidaje hayar ga wani sanannen dan luwadi, kuma zai haramta duk wata tattaunawa ta luwadi da jama'a. [13]

Ƙasashen duniya sun yi matuƙar adawa da gabatar da wannan ƙuduri tare da nuna damuwarsu kan yadda zai iya zama doka, hakika shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya kira shi da ''abin kyama''. Sakamakon karuwar matsin lamba na kasa da kasa kudirin bai taba wucewa matakin kwamitin ba.

A ranar 7 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2012 ɗan majalisar wakilai David Bahati ya sake gabatar da ƙudirin zuwa ga sabani sosai. Duk da haka ya ji zafi don nuna cewa an yanke shawarar tanadin hukuncin kisa a matsayin bai zama dole ba kuma an cire shi daga ƙudirin a matakin kwamiti a majalisa ta 8. Don haka, kudurin da aka gabatar a cikin majalisa ta 9, ba shi da tanadin hukuncin kisa.

Wannan ƙudirin ya ci gaba da yin suka sosai kuma yana da cece-kuce. An sake cin karo da Allah wadai. A martanin da gwamnatin Uganda ta mayar kan wannan Allah wadai, ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke nuni da cewa ƙudirin dokar ta mambobi ne mai zaman kansa kuma ba shi da goyon bayan gwamnati.

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairun shekara ta 2014 Shugaba Yoweri Museveni ya rattaba hannu kan dokar "Anti Luwadi" ta zama doka. Kashegari jaridar "Red Pepper" ta buga jerin sunayen maza 200 da ake zargi da aikata laifuka.

Bayan dage dokar da wasu ƙasashen yammacin masana'antu, da Sweden, da Amurka da kuma Netherlands suka dakatar da taimakon da suke baiwa Uganda. Bankin Duniya ya dage rancen dalar Amurka miliyan 90 ga tsarin kiwon lafiyar Uganda saboda dokar.[14][15][16] [17][18]


Cin zarafi daga jami'an tsaron Uganda

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
“A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni [2003] jami’an [Volent Crime Crack Unit Green] sun kama Nsangi Murisidi, mai shekaru 29, bisa zarginsa da taimaka wa abokansa yin fashi da kuma zargin mallakar bindiga. Yan uwa sun yi ƙoƙarin ziyarce shi a tsare. A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni lauyan da ke wakiltar dangin ya sami tabbacin mutuwarsa a gidan yari yayin da yake hedikwatar VCCU da ke Kireka, wani yanki na Kampala. Takardar shaidar mutuwar ta tabbatar da dalilin mutuwar a matsayin asarar ruwa da jini mai yawa, zubar jini mai tsanani a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma tsananin kuna a gindi. Jikin ya kuma sami raunuka masu zurfi 14. A cikin Oktoba Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida ya sanar da AI cewa an ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike, amma ba a sami wani ci gaba ba."
A cikin shekara ta 2020, jami'an tsaro ciki har da 'yan sanda, soji (UPDF) da Rundunar Tsaro ta gida sun yi amfani da yawa, marasa mahimmanci kuma a wasu lokuta masu kashe mutane don aiwatar da nisantar da jama'a da sauran matakan da aka tsara don yaƙar COVID-19 kuma ba ƙasa da mutane 66 ba. an kashe su daga Maris 2020 zuwa gaba kuma an kashe kusan 12 saboda keta matakan kullewa.
A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2021, an kama wani marubucin PEN Pinter Prize International Writer Prize wanda ya lashe marubuci Kakwenza Rukirabashaija bisa zargin kasancewa mai sukar Shugaba Yoweri Museveni da ɗansa. An ce jami’an tsaro sun azabtar da shi a gidan yari.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]


'Yancin siyasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta 2005, an kama wasu 'yan majalisar dokoki biyu na adawa bisa zargin da ake yi na siyasa. Ronald Reagan Okumu da Michael Nyeko Ocula sun fito ne daga kungiyar FDC, kungiyar da ake ganin ita ce babbar barazana ga sake zaben shugaba Yoweri Museveni a shekara ta 2006.

Fitaccen dan adawar shugaba Museveni, Kizza Besigye ya yi tazarce sau uku kuma yana shan kaye a kowane lokaci. A daidai lokacin da ya sha kaye na karshe (zaben 2011) Kizza Besigye ya yi kira ga daukacin 'ya'yan jam'iyyarsa ta FDC da su kaurace wa majalisar dokokin ƙasar, kada su hau kujerarsu kamar yadda aka zaba. 'Yan jam'iyyar FDC sun ki yin hakan kuma Kizza Besigye ya tsaya takara a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar. Besigye dai fitaccen dan siyasa ne kuma ya gano al’amura da dama da suka tauye masa ‘yancin siyasa. Musamman a cikin 2011 an tsare Besigye a tsare, amma nan take aka sake shi saboda kotun Ugandan ta ɗauki wannan kamen ya sabawa doka.[29][30][31]

Bayan yakin neman zaɓen shekara ta 2016 da aka yi kace-nace, an sake zaɓen shugaba Yoweri Museveni a kan karagar mulki kuma Amnesty International ta tabbatar da sake zabensa. Duk da tabbatar da sakamakon zaɓen, Amnesty ta bayyana damuwarta kan tashe-tashen hankulan da ake zargin an yi mata da kuma tauye Haƙƙin 'yan jaridu. [31]

'Yancin aikin jarida

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamar yadda yake a kasashen Afirka da dama, hukumomin gwamnati na ci gaba da yin katsalandan ga 'yancin LGBT a Uganda.

A karshen shekara ta 2002, sojoji da 'yan sanda sun rufe jaridar Monitor mai zaman kanta na wani dan lokaci. An ci gaba da kai wa 'yan jaridun hari a shekara ta 2004, biyu daga cikinsu an yi tir da su a bainar jama'a a matsayin "masu haɗa kai na 'yan tawaye" daga bakin kakakin ƙungiyar ta UPDF. [32]

A cikin Fabrairun shekara ta 2004, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin "buga labaran karya" ya zama banza kuma ya saba wa tsarin mulki.

A shekara ta 2005, Uganda ta kasance ƙasa ta 13 mafi ‘yancin ‘yan jarida a cikin ƙasashe guda 48 a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara A cikin shekara ta 2010, Uganda ta kasance kasa ta 15 mafi ‘yancin ‘yan jarida a kasashe 48.

A ranar 24 ga watan Janairun 2012 Issac Kasamani, wani dan jarida mai daukar hoto ya yi zargin cewa wani dan sanda ya harbe shi a lokacin da yake gabatar da wani gangamin ‘yan adawa. Nan take aka ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa kan lamarin kuma wani rahoto mai zaman kansa wanda wani dan kasar waje ya kammala ya tabbatar da cewa ba a harba harsashi mai rai a ranar da ake magana a kai. Bayan fitar da wannan rahoto Ministan Uganda Hon. James Baba ya nuna damuwarsa kan ka’idojin bayar da rahotannin da suka dabaibaye lamarin tare da bayyana aniyarsa ta sa ido kan ka’idojin kafafen yada labarai. Wannan lamari ne da ya shafi kasashen duniya.

A watan Nuwamban 2012, John Ssegawa, babban darektan wasan kwaikwayo mai mahimmancin hali na kasa ya ba da rahoton cewa Majalisar Watsa Labarai ta Uganda ta yanke shawarar dakatar da kara nunawa. Ssegawa ya ce kamfanin kera wasan kwaikwayo zai ci gaba da gudanar da aikin tare da bijirewa dokar. [33][34][35][36][37]

Hakkokin mata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW)

Jami'an Uganda sun amince da yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW) a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1985. Ƙasashen da suka zaɓi amincewa da CEDAW suna da shekara guda don gabatar da rahoto na yau da kullun ga taron kuma ana buƙatar su gabatar da ɗaya duk bayan shekaru huɗu bayan rahoton farko. Gwamnatin Uganda, duk da haka, ta gabatar da rahotonta na CEDAW na yau da kullun bayan shekaru biyar da amincewa, a cikin 1990. [38] Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW) ta ba da umarni ga masu rattaba hannu kan kawar da wariya ga mata da aiwatar da manufofin da za su ci gaba da samun daidaiton 'yancin mata. Mataki na 21 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Uganda, ya bi manufofin CEDAW, don tabbatar da 'yancin daidaito ga dukan mutane a fagen siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa na Uganda. Labarin ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa babu wani mutum da zai fuskanci wariya saboda jinsi, launin fata, kabila, nakasa, kabila, addini, zamantakewar tattalin arziki, ko alakarsu ta siyasa. [39]

A cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Majalissar Tarayya, tun daga 2017, Uganda ba ta ba da rahoton matsayin aiwatar da CEDAW ba tun 2010. Uganda kuma ba ta amince da ka'idar yarjejeniya ta zaɓi ba. [40] Wannan ka'ida ta zaɓin tana baiwa kwamitocin CEDAW damar karɓa da aiwatar da korafe-korafen da masu sa hannu suka yi game da take haƙƙin da CEDAW ta bayar. Wannan ana cewa, bayanan binciken jama'a iri-iri na dimokuradiyya game da 'yancin walwala na mata - tarin bayanan 'yancin motsi na cikin gida, daga aikin tilastawa, hakkin mallaka, da samun adalci - ya nuna cewa tsakanin shekarun 1986 da 2019, Jama'ar Uganda sun yi imanin cewa yawancin mata a kasar suna samun matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaiciyar 'yanci.[41][38][42][39][43][40][44]

Haƙƙin mallaka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mata a Uganda sun kasance zakara na daidaita hakkin mata, makiyaya, da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Mata kuma sun taka rawar gani a kungiyoyi (watau Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Ƙasa ta Uganda, Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Mata ta Uganda) waɗanda ke fafutuka don neman 'yancin al'ummomin da aka ware kuma waɗanda ke yin tambayoyi game da mallakar filaye na al'ada na Uganda. [45] Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa dokokin al'ada suna da mahimmanci a cikin al'ummar Uganda, musamman game da mallakar filaye da haƙƙin mallaka. [45]

Uganda ta fuskanci gyare-gyaren filaye da yawa a cikin shekaru, tare da gagarumin garambawul shine Dokar Filaye ta 1998. A karkashin dokar filaye, ana ba wa mata damar samun fili daidai gwargwado a Uganda, wanda zai ba su damar mallakar filaye ta hanyar ubanninsu, ’yan’uwansu, ko mazajensu. [46] Dokar filaye ta haramta duk wani hukunci da ya shafi kadarorin da ke haifar da ƙin haƙƙin ƙasa ga mata. Bugu da ƙari, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1995 na Uganda ya kuma haramta wariyar jinsi, ba wa maza da mata 'yancin daidaitawa. [46] Duk da cewa dokar filaye da tsare-tsare daban-daban na hakkin mallakar filaye sun ba wa mata damar mallakar filaye, amma akwai shaidar cewa ba a koyaushe waɗannan matakan ke tabbatar da haƙƙin mallakar mata yadda ya kamata ba ta fuskar samun dama da kula da ƙasar. [46] Ɗayan dalili na wannan shine dokar al'ada a Uganda da kuma yadda take bai wa mata 'yancin mallakar dukiya fiye da maza. [46]

A lokacin da aka kafa dokar filaye ta 1998, an ba da shawarar cewa gwamnati za ta ba da izinin mallakar fili ta haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar ma'aurata, amma ba a aiwatar da shawarar ba. Wannan doka ta haifar da ba da damar daidaitattun haƙƙoƙin ƙasa ba dole ba ne a haɗa haɗin gwiwar doka ta doka. [46] Misali, rahotanni sun yi la'akari da ma'aurata a matsayin masu mallakar fili, mazajen gidaje ne kawai aka jera su a cikin takardun mallakar. [46] Sunan hukuma, ko take, akan takaddun mallakar yana shafar haƙƙin haƙƙin mata na gaskiya. [46] Har ila yau, dokar filaye ba ta yi la’akari da tsarin dokokin al’ada ba, musamman dangane da yadda zawarawa ke karva wa mazajensu filayensu. Wato mata ba sa cin gado ga mazajensu domin al'ada ce maza su bar yankinsu ga kabilarsu, ba takaba. Wannan yanayin ya samo asali ne sakamakon ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ta kasance a cikin ƙabilar, ba tare da haɗarin cewa mata za su iya sayar da filin ga wasu mutanen da ba na kabilar ba. [45] Don haka, mata za su iya mallakar fili tare da mijinta, amma idan ba tare da haƙƙin mallaka ba, ana iya hana gwauruwa filin mijinta da ya mutu. [45]

Mata sun kafa dabaru don yin ikirarin kan filaye da kuma mallakar kadarori a bisa ka’ida, duk da wasu dokokin al’ada da ke ba su ‘yancin mallaka. A haƙiƙa, mata suna ƙara yin amfani da tsarin shari'a na yau da kullun, kamar kotunan majistare, don samun damar shiga ƙasa. [45] Haka kuma mata sun samu mallakar fili ta hanyar siya da kansu, wanda hakan wata hanya ce ta kewaya al’amuran mallakar tare. [45] Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa bisa ga ire-iren dimokuradiyya, binciken ra'ayin jama'a ya nuna cewa 'yan Uganda sun yi imanin cewa tun daga 1994, mata da yawa suna da haƙƙin mallaka na kashin kansu tare da tsirarun al'ummar mata waɗanda ba su da 'yancin mallaka. Bugu da ƙari, bayanan ra'ayoyin jama'a sun nuna cewa tsakanin shekarun 1995 zuwa 2017, aƙalla rabin mata ne ke da mafi yawan haƙƙin mallaka a ƙasar. [44]

Hakkokin aure

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kundin tsarin mulkin Uganda ya ba da haske kan batun hakkin iyali tare da bayar da shawarwari goma sha hudu kan wadannan hakkoki a cikin rubutunsa. A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Uganda, shekarun aure na shari'a ga mazaje na mata suna da shekaru goma sha takwas. Duk da haka, akwai kwakkwarar shaida na 'yan mata a Uganda sun daina makaranta don zama amaryar yarinya. A cewar ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Uganda, a shekarar 2017, Uganda na fuskantar daya daga cikin mafi girman adadin auren wuri a duniya. An ba da rahoton cewa kashi 40% na 'yan mata a Uganda sun yi aure kafin su cika shekaru goma sha takwas. [47] A cikin 2017, 10% na 'yan matan Uganda sun yi aure kafin su kai shekaru goma sha biyar. [47]

A lokacin da aka kafa kundin tsarin mulkin Uganda, an yi muhawara kan al'adar farashin amarya, inda majalisar dokokin kasar ta yanke hukuncin soke shi. Farashin amarya ya halatta a Uganda kuma al'ada ce ta al'adar ango yana biyan amaryarsa da kudi, shanu, ko kaya. A shekara ta 2007, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta gabatar da batun farashin amarya a Kotun Tsarin Mulki saboda damuwa game da tsarin mulkin al'ada, amma kotun ta amince da halaccin yin hakan. [48] Ko da yake a shekara ta 2015, Kotun Kolin Uganda ta yanke hukuncin haramtawa ango ya nemi a mayar masa da kudinsa a kan batun raba auren. [49]

Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya ci gaba da cewa, maza da mata suna da hakkin daidaitawa a kowane mataki na aure, ko da a lokacin rabuwar auren. Sashe na 4 na dokar saki ya bayyana cewa domin samun nasarar neman a raba auren ta hanyar kotu, sai miji ya nuna hujja guda daya (watau zina) ga kotu. [39] Domin neman takardar sakin aure, sai mace ta gabatar da hujjoji aqalla guda biyu (watau canjin addini, auren wata mata, zina ko zinace-zinace) a gaban kotu. [39] Sai dai kungiyar lauyoyin mata ta kai karar gaban kotu, inda ta shigar da kara cewa sashe na 4 ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar saboda nuna wariyar jinsi. [39] Kotun tsarin mulkin kasar ta yanke hukunci kan kungiyar lauyoyin mata, amma har yanzu majalisar dokoki a Uganda ba ta yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar kwaskwarima ba domin bin hukuncin da kotun ta yanke. [39]

Cin zarafin jima'i

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A watan Agustan 2015, shugabannin kasashen Kenya, Laberiya, Saliyo, Uganda, gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango, da Sudan ta Kudu sun yi taro a birnin Kampala na kasar Uganda, inda suka tattauna yadda suke tattara bayanai da kuma hukunta cin zarafin mata a kasashensu.

Tarihin cin zarafin jima'i a Arewacin Uganda yana ganin mutane suna fuskantar rikici-lokacin jima'i tsakanin shekarun 1986-2006. An bayar da rahoton cewa, bangarorin biyu na masu tayar da kayar baya, wato Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) da na rundunar tsaron jama'ar Uganda (UPDF), sun aikata laifukan lalata da jinsi. [50] A sansanonin 'yan gudun hijirar, an sami yawaitar ayyukan ta'addanci da suka danganci jinsi (watau fyade, cin zarafi) da sojojin LRA da UPDF suka yi amma kuma 'yan uwa da abokan arziki a sansanonin. A wannan lokacin tada kayar baya, ana tunanin mata sun shiga yin lalata da sojojin LRA da UPDF a matsayin dabarar tsira. [50] Maza da ke fuskantar rikici-lokacin cin zarafin jima'i ya yadu a cikin waɗannan shekaru. Dabara ce ta yakin soji na gama-gari da sojojin jihar ke amfani da shi wajen yakar mutanen Acholi. [51] A haƙiƙa, ana yawan amfani da cin zarafin maza da mata a matsayin dabara don lalatar da waɗanda abin ya shafa. [51]

Uganda ta aiwatar da dokoki da manufofi a wani yunƙuri na kare waɗanda abin ya shafa da waɗanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin mata. Duk da haka, tashe-tashen hankula a cikin gida suna da yawa kuma suna karuwa. [52] Rahoton laifukan da rundunar ‘yan sandan Uganda ta fitar na shekarar 2016 ya nuna cewa, shari’o’in da suka shafi cin zarafin mata a kasar ya karu da kashi 4 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. [52] Dangane da rahoton Asusun Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2018, kashi 35% na matan Uganda masu shekaru 18-24 sun fuskanci cin zarafi kafin su kai shekaru goma sha takwas. [53] Haka kuma akwai tarin laifukan cin zarafin mata a kasar da ba a kai rahoto ba. [1]

Dokoki da manufofi da yawa (watau Dokar Penal Code Act 2007, Domestic Violence Act 2010, Sexual Offense Bill, Marriage Bill) a Uganda game da cin zarafin mata ba su haɗa da abubuwa da yawa na cin zarafin jima'i ba, kamar fyaden aure ko abokan zama tare. Misali, Dokar Rikicin Cikin Gida tana la'akarin halatta aure amma ba ta magance tashin hankali tsakanin ma'auratan. [52]

A cewarta, Uganda ta samu wasu nasarori dangane da cin zarafin mata. Tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2017, mutuwar tashin hankalin gida ya ragu da kashi 54%, bisa ga rahotannin laifuka na 'yan sanda. [52] A cikin 2016, an aiwatar da wata manufa mai suna National Gender Based Violence (GBV). [52] Wannan manufar ta bayyana irin nauyin da ya rataya a wuyan sassa daban-daban na gwamnati wajen dakatar da mayar da martani ga cin zarafin mata. [52] Wani shiri ta hanyar GBV ya haɗa kai da mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don inganta cin zarafi da suka danganci jinsi a yankunan Busoga da Karamoja . [52]

Aikin yara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar ma'aikatar kwadago ta Amurka, Uganda ta samu ci gaba sosai wajen kawar da mafi munin ayyukan yi wa kananan yara aiki a shekarar 2013. Duk da haka, yaran da ba su kai shekaru ba suna ci gaba da yin ayyuka masu ɗorewa galibi a fannin aikin gona da kuma yin lalata da kasuwanci. Rahoton da ma'aikatar ta fitar a kan mafi muni na yin aikin yara ya nuna cewa kashi 30 cikin 100 na yaran da ke tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 14 yara ne masu aiki kuma kashi 95 cikin 100 na su na aiki ne a fannin noma, da diban kofi da shayi, da noman shinkafa, kiwon shanu da kamun kifi da dai sauransu. ayyuka. An kuma lura da misalan yin aikin yara a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai (yin bulo da haƙar gawayi) da kuma a fannin ayyuka. Daban-daban na bautar da yara a Uganda sun haɗa da cin zarafin jima'i da soja. A cikin watan Disamba na 2014, sashen ya fitar da Jerin Kayayyakin da ake samarwa da Yara ko kuma Tilastawa aiki inda aka jera kayayyaki 10 a karkashin kasar Uganda. Wadannan sun hada da bulo, shanu, gawayi, kofi, kifi, shinkafa, rake, shayi da taba.[ana buƙatar hujja]

A cikin 2020, a Kampala, tasirin da COVID-19 ya haifar da kuma rufe makarantu ya sa yara da yawa su shiga aikin bautar yara wanda kuma rashin isasshen tallafin gwamnati ke haifar da shi.

Matsayin tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mai zuwa wani ginshiƙi ne na ƙimar Uganda tun 1972 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. (1 shine mafi kyau, 7 shine mafi muni) [54]

Year Political Rights Civil Liberties Status PresidentSamfuri:Ref
1972 7 7 Not Free Idi AminSamfuri:Ref
1973 7 7 Not Free Idi Amin
1974 7 7 Not Free Idi Amin
1975 7 7 Not Free Idi Amin
1976 7 7 Not Free Idi Amin
1977 7 7 Not Free Idi Amin
1978 7 7 Not Free Idi Amin
1979 6 6 Not Free Idi Amin
1980 4 4 Partly Free Godfrey Binaisa
1981 5 5   Partly Free   Milton Obote
1982 5 5 Partly Free Milton Obote
1983 4 5 Partly Free Milton Obote
1984 4 5 Partly Free Milton Obote
1985 5 4 Partly Free Milton Obote
1986 5 4 Partly Free Tito Okello
1987 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1988 5 5 Partly Free   Yoweri Museveni  
1989 6 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1990 6 5 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1991 6 6 Not Free Yoweri Museveni
1992 6 5 Not Free Yoweri Museveni
1993 6 5 Not Free Yoweri Museveni
1994 5 5 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1995 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1996 4 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1997 4 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1998 4 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
1999 5 5 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2000 6 5 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2001 6 5 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2002 6 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2003 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2004 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2005 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2006 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2007 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2008 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2009 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2010 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2011 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2012 5 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2013 6 4 Partly Free Yoweri Museveni
2014 6 5 Not Free Yoweri Museveni

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Fataucin mutane a Uganda
  • Binciken Intanet da sa ido a Uganda
  • Siyasar Uganda
  • Ilimi a Uganda

Bayanan kula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
1. Tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairu.
2. ^ Daga 1977 zuwa 1979, Amin ya yi wa kansa lakabi da " Mai Girma, President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, Ubangijin Dukan Dabbobin Duniya da Kifi na Tekuna kuma Macijin Birtaniya . Daular a Afirka Gabaɗaya da Uganda musamman ".

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Freedom in the World 2020 (PDF), Freedom House. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  2. ↑ https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=19652&Cr=Uganda&Cr1=
  3. ↑ https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/uganda-strikes-deal-lra-trials-20080220 Archived 2014-08-11 at the Wayback Machine, An Amnesty International article discusses a 2008 agreement between the government and the LRA to try LRA leaders for their crimes.
  4. ↑ Kelly, Jocelyn TD; Branham, Lindsay; Decker, Michele R. (2016-05-18). "Abducted children and youth in Lord's Resistance Army in Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): mechanisms of indoctrination and control". Conflict and Health. 10 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/s13031-016-0078-5. ISSN 1752-1505. PMC 4870729. PMID 27195019.
  5. ↑ "The never-ending pursuit of the Lord's Resistance Army". ACCORD (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  6. ↑ Schomerus, Mareike (2012-02-01). ""They forget what they came for": Uganda's army in Sudan". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 6 (1): 124–153. doi:10.1080/17531055.2012.664707. ISSN 1753-1055.
  7. ↑ https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=19652&Cr=Uganda&Cr1=
  8. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2012-03-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ↑ "Uganda: Dominic Ongwen convicted by the ICC for a wide range of sexual and gender-based crimes". International Federation for Human Rights (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  10. ↑ "Dominic Ongwen declared guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Uganda". www.icc-cpi.int (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  11. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche, Former Ugandan rebel commander Dominic Ongwen guilty of war crimes: ICC | DW | 04.02.2021 (in Turanci), retrieved 2021-04-24
  12. ↑ "Homosexuals face death penalty", 25 October 2009
  13. ↑ "US slams Uganda's new anti-gay bill", 25 October 2009
  14. ↑ "Obama condemns Uganda anti-gay bill as "odious"". Reuters. 4 February 2010 – via www.reuters.com.
  15. ↑ "Uganda MP revives anti-gay bill". BBC News. 7 February 2012.
  16. ↑ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/9071861/Uganda-government-We-dont-support-reintroduction-of-anti-gay-bill.html' [dead link]
  17. ↑ "Deadly intolerance". The Economist. 1 March 2014.
  18. ↑ Yukhananov, Anna (27 February 2014). "World Bank postpones Uganda loan over anti-gay law". Reuters – via www.reuters.com.
  19. ↑ "Source: Amnesty International Annual Report 2004". Archived from the original on 2005-03-19. Retrieved 2005-05-04.
  20. ↑ "Uganda 2020 Archives". Amnesty International (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  21. ↑ "Detained Ugandan satirical novelist tortured in custody: Lawyer". www.aljazeera.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  22. ↑ "PEN prize-winning Ugandan novelist Kakwenza Rukirabashaija illegally detained and tortured". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2022-01-09. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  23. ↑ "Ugandan novelist Rukirabashaija released on bail, recovering from 'torture' after insulting tweet". RFI (in Turanci). 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  24. ↑ "Ugandan novelist Kakwenza badly tortured: lawyer". The East African (in Turanci). 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  25. ↑ "Detained Ugandan satirical novelist displays signs of torture on brief home visit". France 24 (in Turanci). 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  26. ↑ "Award-winning Ugandan Writer Charged for Offending Museveni and Son". VOA (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  27. ↑ "Ugandan novelist granted bail 4 weeks after arrest". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  28. ↑ "Ugandan author of The Greedy Barbarian detained - lawyer". BBC News (in Turanci). 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
  29. ↑ "Uganda: Key Opposition MPs Arrested". news.trust.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2005.
  30. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2012-03-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Amnesty International Report 2016/17 - Uganda". Refworld (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  32. ↑ Uganda Country Report. Home Office, United Kingdom. 2005.
  33. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-11-29. Retrieved 2005-05-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  34. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2005-05-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ↑ "Freedom of the Press: Uganda". Archived from the original on 2011-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  36. ↑ "Police to inquire into shooting at journalist". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  37. ↑ "Uganda Media Centre - MINISTRY OF ICT AND NATIONAL GUIDANCE - REPUBLIC OF UGANDA". www.mediacentre.go.ug.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Okumu Wengi, Jennifer. Weeding the millet field : women's law and grassroots justice in Uganda. Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN 978-9966-031-86-0. OCLC 908071832.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira (2019-05-25). "The Right to Equality at the Dissolution of a Marriage in Uganda". International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family. 33 (2): 204–227. doi:10.1093/lawfam/ebz005. ISSN 1360-9939.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women". www.un.org. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  41. ↑ "Treaty bodies Treaties". tbinternet.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  42. ↑ "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women". www.un.org. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  43. ↑ "Implementing CEDAW in Uganda". Inter-Parliamentary Union (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Variable Graph | V-Dem". www.v-dem.net. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :43
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :52
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  48. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :7
  49. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :8
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :9
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :10
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 52.6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :23
  53. ↑ Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development. Violence against Children in Uganda: Findings from a National Survey (PDF), 2015. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  54. ↑ "Release Booklet", Freedom in the World 2014, Freedom House, 24 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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