Hanyoyin Sadarwa a Nijar

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Hanyoyin Sadarwa a Nijar
aspect in a geographic region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Facet of (en) Fassara Sadarwa
Ƙasa Nijar

Hanyoyin sadarwa a Nijar sun haɗa da rediyo, talabijin, wayoyin salula na gyara da na hannu, da kuma yanar gizo.

Rediyo da talabijin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tashoshin rediyo :

  • gidan talabijin na gwamnati; Tashoshin TV masu zaman kansu 3 suna ba da cakuɗa shirye -shiryen gida da waje (2007); [1]
  • 5 AM, 6 FM, da tashoshin gajeren zango 4 (2001). [2]

Rediyo :

  • 680,000 (1997); [2]
  • 500,000 (1992). :231

Tashoshin talabijin: gidan talabijin na gwamnati; Tashoshin TV masu zaman kansu 3 suna ba da haɗin shirye -shiryen gida da na waje (2007). [1]

Shirye -shiryen talabijin : [ sabunta sabuntawa ]

  • 125,000 (1997); [2]
  •   37,000 (1992).

Saboda matakan karatu da rubutu a ƙasar sun yi karanci, rediyo babbar hanya ce ta samun labarai da bayanai. [3]

Ana samun Rediyon Faransa (RFI) a Yamai babban birnin ƙasar, da kuma yankunan Maradi da Zinder . Sashen Hausa na BBC na watsa shirye -shirye a babban birnin kasar (100.4 FM). [3]

Ƴancin ƴan jarida da sarrafawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jihar ce ke sarrafa yawancin watsa labaran ƙasar, kodayake gidajen rediyo masu zaman kansu sun bazu. Hukumar kula da kafafen yaɗa labarai, National Observatory on Communication, da Independent Media Observatory for Ethics, ƙungiyar sa ido kan kafafen yaɗa labarai na son rai, suna taimakawa wajen kula da yanayin watsa labarai a Nijar. Gwamnati tana kula da CFA miliyan 200 (~ $ 400,000 USD) tallafin tallafi na manema labarai, wanda doka ta kafa kuma yana samuwa ga duk kafofin watsa labarai, don ƙarfafa tallafi ga ilimi, bayanai, nishaɗi, da haɓaka demokraɗiyya. [3]

Ƴancin ƴan jaridu "ya inganta sosai" bayan da aka kori Mamadou Tandja a matsayin shugaban ƙasakasa a 2010. An yanke hukuncin laifukan watsa labarai jim kaɗanan bayan haka. [3] Tare da zartar da dokar 2010 da ke kare 'yan jarida daga gurfanar da su dangane da aikinsu da kuma amincewar da Shugaba Issoufou ya yi a watan Nuwamban 2011 na sanarwar Sanarwar Tsaunin Table kan' yancin 'yan jarida a Afirka (shugaban kasa na farko da ya rattaɓa hannu kan sanarwar), [4] kasar yana ci gaba da kokarin inganta 'yancin aikin jarida. Sanarwar Mountain Table tana kira da a soke laifukan bata sunan masu laifi da dokokin "cin mutunci " da kuma inganta 'yancin aikin jarida a kan ajandar Afirka. [5]

Wayoyin tarho[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lambar kira : +227 [1]

Gabatarwar kiran ƙasashen waje : 00 [6]

Babban layi:

  • Layi 100,500 da ake amfani da su, na 145 a duniya (2012); [1]
  •   Layi 24,000 da ake amfani da su, 186 a duniya (2005). [2]

Wayar salula:

  • Layi miliyan 5.4, na 107 a duniya (2012); [1]
  • Layi 900,000, na 139 a duniya (2007). [2]

Tsarin waya: bai isa ba; ƙaramin tsarin waya, hanyoyin sadarwar tarho na rediyo, da hanyoyin sadarwar rediyo na microwave da aka tattara a yankin kudu maso yammacin Nijar; tsarin tauraron ɗan adam na cikin gida tare da tashoshin duniya 3 da 1 da aka shirya; hada madaidaiciyar layi da telesensity na wayar salula ya rage kusan 30 a cikin mutane 100 duk da saurin biyan kuɗin salula (2010); Ƙididdigar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta sanya masu biyan kuɗin tarho a 0.2 cikin ɗari a cikin 2000, wanda ya haura zuwa 2.5 a ɗari a 2006. [7]

Tashar tauraron ɗan adam : 2 Intelsat (1 Tekun Atlantika da 1 Tekun Indiya ) (2010). [1]

Wayoyin sadarwa : Tekun Afirka zuwa Turai (ACE) ta hanyoyin haɗin ƙasa tsakanin Nijar da gaɓar Tekun Atlantika. [8]

Yanar Gizo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babban yanki mai girma : .ne, wanda kamfanin sadarwa na parastatal , SONITEL ke sarrafawa . [2]

Masu amfani da Yanar gizo :

  • Masu amfani 230,084, na 150 a duniya; 1.4% na yawan jama'a, 205th a duniya (2012). [9]
  • Masu amfani da 115,900, na 155 a duniya (2009); [1]
  •   Masu amfani 40,000, 173 a duniya (2006). [2]

Kafaffen hanyar sadarwa : biyan kuɗi 3,596, 166 a duniya; ƙasa da 0.05% na yawan jama'a, 185th a duniya (2012). [10]

sadarwar zamani : Ba a sani ba (2012). [11]

Mai watsa shiri na yanar gizo :

  • Mai masaukin baƙi 454, na 185 a duniya (2012); [1]
  • Runduna 216, 176 a duniya (2008). [2]

IPv4 : 20,480 adireshin da aka kasafta, ƙasa da 0.05% na jimlar duniya, adireshi 1.2 ga mutane 1000 (2012). [12]

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ƙiyasta cewa masu amfani da Intanet 0.3 ne kacal a cikin ƴan Nijar 100 a shekarar 2006, fiye da kasa da 0.1 cikin 100 a shekarar 2000. [7] A matsayin abin nuni, Manufar Ci Gaban Millennium ga ƙasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba zuwa shekarar 2015 shine masu amfani da Intanet 8.2 a cikin yawan mutane 100. [13]

Tantancewar Yanar gizo da sa ido[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu takunkumin gwamnati kan shiga yanar gizo ko rahotannin da gwamnati ke sa ido kan imel ko dakunan tattaunawa na Yanar gizo. Ko da yake mutane da ƙungiyoyi na iya shiga cikin faɗin ra'ayoyin cikin lumana ta hanyar Intanet, mazauna ƙalilan ne ke samun damar yin hakan. [5]

Tsarin mulki da doka sun tanadi 'yancin faɗin albarkacin baki da ƴan jarida, kuma galibi gwamnati tana mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace. Tsarin mulki da doka gaba ɗaya sun hana kutse ba tare da izini ba game da sirri, iyali, gida, ko wasiƙa, kuma gwamnati gaba ɗaya tana mutunta waɗannan haramcin. [5]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Communications: Niger", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 "Communications: Niger", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 10 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Niger profile: Media", BBC News, 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  4. ↑ "President of Niger, Mahamadou Issoufou, to sign Declaration of Table Mountain" Archived 2018-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, Andrew Heslop, World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), 29 November 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Niger", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  6. ↑ Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010)), Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Niger country profile. World Statistics Pocketbook, United Nations Statistics Division, 2007.
  8. ↑ "Overview" Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, ACE: Africa Coast to Europe, Orange SA. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  9. ↑ "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2012", International Telecommunications Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
  10. ↑ "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012" Archived 2019-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
  11. ↑ "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012" Archived 2019-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
  12. ↑ Population Archived 2018-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.
  13. ↑ "Indicator 8.16, Internet users per 100 inhabitants: Niger" Archived 2021-09-16 at the Wayback Machine, Millennium Development Goals Indicators, United Nations Statistical Division. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
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