Harshen Itsekiri

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Harshen Itsekiri
'Yan asalin magana
harshen asali: 940,000 (2020)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 its
Glottolog isek1239[1]
Harshen Itsekiri
Default
  • Harshen Itsekiri
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3

Yaren Itsekiri babban reshe ne na rukunin yarukan Yoruboid, [2] wanda a ƙungiya ce, yana daya daga cikin muhimman asalin yarukan Volta – Niger daga dangin yarukan Afirka shiyyar Nijar-Kongo. Kusan mutane 900,000 ke magana da Itsekiri a Najeriya a matsayin harshensu na farko da wasu da yawa a matsayin harshe na biyu musamman a yankin Niger Delta da kuma wasu sassan jihohin Edo da Ondo na Najeriya. Sauran manyan membobin ƙungiyar Yoruba sun hada daYarbawa (miliyan 22) da Igala (miliyan 1.8) tare da sauran harsunan Yarbanci da magana dasu a Benin da Togo.

Rarrabuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Itsekiri yana da kusanci sosai da yarukan Yarbawa na kudu maso yammacin Najeriya wanda yake da kusancin su a nahawu, lafazi da tsarin tsara su. Itsekiri na wakiltar ƙarshen ƙarshen ci gaban yarukan Yarbawa daga ƙasashen Yarabawan arewa na Oyo da Offa zuwa yamma na yankin Neja-Delta. Ta hanyoyi da yawa daidaitattun Yarbanci da Itsekiri ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin nau'ikan hukuma masu yare iri ɗaya. Kodayake yarukan Itsekiri da Yarbancin Kudu maso Gabas suna fahimtar juna zuwa matakan daban-daban dangane da kusancin juna, amma, ba kamar masu jin yarukan Yarbanci ba, masu magana da yaren Itsekiri ba su yarda ko amfani da daidaitaccen harshen Yarbanci a matsayin babban harshensu na hukuma ba. Wannan na iya zama saboda keɓewar tarihi ne na babban rukunin masu magana da harshen Itsekiri (a cikin Neja Delta) daga ci gaba da masu magana da Yarbanci da ƙarni masu yawa na ɓullo da bambancin zamantakewar zamantakewar ɗabi'ar ta Itsekiri da ta ƙasa. Koyaya, ta mahangar yare, ana iya ɗaukar Itsekiri da kuma Yarbanci na yau da kullun (bisa lafazin yaren Oyo) don wakiltar nau'ikan hukuma guda biyu na abin da yake yare ɗaya - ɗaya shine Yarbancin Kudancin Ijebu, Ondo, Owo - da ake magana a matsayin harshe na ƙasa da ƙasa da mutane miliyan ɗaya kuma ɗayan yaren Yarukan Oyo da Eko yanzu ana magana da shi azaman daidaitaccen yare da sama da mutane miliyan 20.

Itsekiri ya fi kusanci da Yarbanci da harshen Igala kuma ya haɗa abubuwa biyu na yarukan. Hakanan Edo (Bini), Fotigal da Ingilishi sun yi tasiri sosai kuma sun karɓi kalmomin aro daga maƙwabtan Ijo da Urhobo . Kodayake tsarinta, nahawu da kalmomin magana yaren Yarbo ne tare da kuma dangin da ke kusa da ita sune kudu maso gabashin yarukan Yarbawa - Ijebu, Ilaje-Ikale, Ondo, Akure da Owo. Yayinda yake kamanceceniyar waɗancan yaruka amma yaren Itsekiri kuma yana ƙunshe da abubuwan Yarbancin Arewa musamman yaren Ife da Oyo. Gabaɗaya an yi imanin cewa Yaren Itsekiri ya samo asali ne daga haɗakar harsuna da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ke magana da su a yammacin Niger-Delta a lokacin da aka kafa ƙasar Itsekiri a ƙarni na 15. Saboda ya bunkasa ne ta hanyar keɓance yankin Neja-Delta nesa da babban yaren Yarbanci da Igala - Itsekiri kamar yawancin harsuna (waɗanda ke ci gaba daga babban iyali misali Islandiya ) ta adana abubuwa da yawa na asali / kayan tarihi na asalin yare-Yarbanci-Igala musamman ma tshohon yaren Ijebu na Yarbanci. Zai yiwu kuma Itsekiri na wakiltar ragowar abin da zai iya zama asalin yaren Yarbanci-Igala na asali kafin a raba zuwa cikin yarukan daban.

Itsekiri yana da mahimmanci ga masana ilimin yau da kullun da kuma ilimin harshe a yau saboda rawar da yake takawa a fannin nazarin ilimin harshe musamman nazarin ci gaban harshen Yarbanci. Yarukan Yarbanci, Ingilishi da Pidgin-Ingilishi suna matsayin tasirin zamani a ci gaban yaren Itsekiri a yau.

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Itsekiri". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Williamson, Kay 1989, Benue–Congo Overview, p248-278