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Hauwa'u

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Hauwa'u
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Garden of Eden (en) Fassara, 3760 "BCE"
Mazauni Garden of Eden (en) Fassara
Mutuwa unknown value
Makwanci Cavern of the Patriarchs (en) Fassara
Tomb of Eve (en) Fassara
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi no value
Mahaifiya no value
Abokiyar zama Adam
Yara
Sana'a
Sana'a assistant (en) Fassara
Feast
December 24 (en) Fassara

Hauwa'u (/i v / ; Hebrew ,

A cewar sura ta biyu na Genesis, Hauwa'u da Allah (Ubangiji) ya halitta da shashen haƙarƙarin Adam, dan ta zama abokiyar Adam. Ta faɗi cikin jarabawar maciji inda ya umurce ta da ta ci daga 'ya'yan itacen da aka hana daga itacen sanin nagarta da mugunta. Tana cin 'ya'yan itace tare da Adamu, kuma a sakamakon haka an kori mutane na farko daga gonar Aidan. Ikilisiyoyin Kirista sun banbanta kan yadda suke ɗaukar rashin biyayya na Adamu da Hauwa'u ga Allah (galibi ana kiran faɗuwar mutum), da kuma sakamakon abin da waɗannan ayyukan suka haifar a kan sauran 'yan adam. Koyarwar Kirista da na Yahudawa wani lokaci suna riƙe Adamu (mutumin farko) da Hauwa'u wani matakin daban na alhakin faɗuwar, duk da cewa koyarwar Islama tana ɗaukar nauyin biyu daidai.

Tare da Adam, Cocin Katolika ta al'adar zamanin ta amince da Hauwa'u a matsayin tsarkakkiya.[1] A gargajiya liturgical idi na Saints Adamu da Hauwa'u ya kasan ce bikin a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba tun da tsakiyar zamanai a Turai da dama al'ummai, ciki har da Estonia, Jamus, Hungary, Lithuania, da kuma Scandinavian al'ummai.

Asalin kalma

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Zanen Hauwa'u daga mai zane Lorenzo Maitani a kan Cathedral Orvieto, Italiya

"Hauwa'u" a cikin Ibrananci ita ce "Hawwāh" kuma an yi imanin cewa ana nufin "rayayye ɗaya" ko "tushen rayuwa" kamar yadda ake yin maganganu daidai da "ḥāyâ", "a raye", daga tushen Semitic ḥyw.[2]

Hawwāh ta kasance idan aka kwatanta da Hurrian aljanna Kheba, wanda aka nuna a cikin Amarna haruffa a bauta masa a Urushalima a lokacin baya na Bronze Age. An ba da shawarar cewa sunan Kheba na iya samo asali daga Kubau, macen da ta fara mulkin farko na daular Kish.[3][4]

Allahiya Ashtoret, matar El, uwa na Allah daga farko Millennium KZ aka bai wa suna Chawat, daga abin da sunan Hawwah a Aramaic aka samu, Hauwa'u a Turanci.[5]

An nuna cewa Ibrananci sunan Hauwa'u (as) shima yana kama da [6] zuwa kalmar Aramaic don "maciji" ( Tsohon Aramaic harshe חוה; Aramaic חִוְיָא). Asalin wannan tunanin tsinkayen shi ne hukuncin rabbinic wanda yake a cikin Farawa Rabbah 20:11, yana amfani da kamance tsakanin Ibran. Chavvah da Aram. chivviya. Duk da amfani da akidar rabbiyya, malamai kamar Julius Wellhausen da Theodor Nöldeke sun yi jayayya akan ingancin ilimin.

A cikin Genesis

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Halittar Hauwa'u, daga silinlar Sistine Chapel ta hannun Michelangelo
Hoton fensir na William Blake game da Halittar Hauwa'u don amsa layin "Kuma Za A Kira ta Mata". An kirkiro abin da c.1803-05 kuma a halin yanzu ana tare da Gidan Tarihi na Babban Magani a

A cikin Farawa 2: 18 - 2222, matar an ƙirƙira ta zama ezer ki-negdo, kalmar da ke da wahalar fassara, ga namiji. Ki-negdo yana nufin "kusa, akasin haka, abokin tarayya a gare shi", kuma ezer yana nufin shiga tsakani a madadin mutumin. Ana kiran mace ishah, mace, tare da bayani cewa wannan saboda an samo ta daga ish, ma'ana "mutum"; kalmomin guda biyun ba a hade suke ba. Daga baya, bayan labarin Aljanin ya cika, za'a sa mata suna, Ḥawwāh (Hauwa'u). Wannan yana nufin "rayuwa" a cikin Ibrananci, daga tushen wanda shima yana iya nufin "maciji". Hadisai da aka bayyana cikin tsinkaye da yawa sun ɗauka cewa yin amfani da haƙarƙari daga gefen mutum yana ƙarfafa cewa namiji da mace suna da mutunci daidai, don an halitta mace daga abu ɗaya kamar na mutum, yana fasalinta kuma yana ba da rayuwa ta tsari guda. A gaskiya ma, cikin kalma al'ada fassara "haƙarƙari" a harshen Turanci kuma yana nufin gefe, jam'iyya, ko katako. Rib pun ne a cikin Sumerian, kamar yadda kalmar " ti "yana nufin" hakarkarin "da" rai ".

Allah ya halicci Hauwa'u daga '"   " (tsela), a al'adance ana fassara shi da" daya daga cikin hakarkarinsa". Kalmar na iya ma'ana kwana, leɓe, masifa da gefe. Masana ilimin tauhidi na mata sun yi tambaya game da karatun gargajiya na kwanannan wadanda suka bayar da shawarar cewa yakamata a sanya shi azaman “gefen”, yana goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa mace daidai take da namiji ba kuma ƙarƙashinta ba. Irin wannan karatu hannun jari abubuwa a na kowa da Aristophanes 'labarin asalin soyayya da kuma raba mata da maza a Plato ' s Taro.[7] A kwanan nan shawara, bisa lura da cewa maza da mata da wannan adadin hakarkarinsa, speculates cewa kashi ne baculum, karamin tsarin samu a cikin azzakari na dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma ba a cikin mutane.

Hoton Korar Adamu da Hauwa'u daga Aljanna, wanda Hans Heyerdahl ya yi, 1877
Eva ta hannun Lucas Cranach Dattijon (1528)

An samu Hauwa'u a cikin kora ta Genesis 3 daga labarin Eden wanda aka nuna shi a matsayin misali ko "labarin hikima" a cikin al'adar hikima . An ba da wannan rukunin labarin zuwa Yahwist (J) ne ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen maganganu saboda amfanin Yahweh.

A cikin kora daga labarin Eden an ba da ma'amala tsakanin maciji mai kafaɗa (mai yiwuwa kama da wanda ya bayyana a ƙofar Ishtar ta Babila) da matar (3: 1-5). An bayyana macijin a cikin 2:19 a matsayin dabba da Ubangiji ya yi a cikin dabbobin daji. Matar ta yarda ta yi magana da macijin ta kuma amsa lafazin abin halitta ta hanyar maimaita haramcin Yahweh daga 2:17. Maciji kai tsaye ya saba wa umarnin Ubangiji. Adamu da matar sunyi zunubi (3: 6-8). Ubangiji ya tambayi Adam, wanda ya zargi matar (3: 9-13). Daga nan sai Ubangiji ya kalubalanci matar da ta bayyana kanta, wacce ke zargin macijin, wanda aka la’anta ta ja da ciki, har sai an cire gindinta.

Adam, Hauwa'u, da (macen) maciji a ƙofar zuwa Cathedral na Notre Dame a Paris, Faransa, hoto ne da aka nuna hoton macijin kamar madubi Hauwa'u ta zama ruwan dare gama duniya a sanadin tarihin mace. tushen asalin ɗan adam zunubi.

Bayanan ubangiji na hukunce-hukunce guda uku an sanya su a kan duk masu laifi (3: 14-19). A hukuncin can ciki da kuma yanayin da laifi ne na farko aza shi a kan maciji, sa'an nan da mace, kuma a karshe Adam. Bayan Ubangiji ya la'anta maciji, matar tana da hukuncin da ya shafi rawar biyu na farko: haihuwar yara da alakantakarta da mijinta. Hakanan hukuncin Adamu ya biyo baya. An bayyana abin da Adam ya yi, sunan Hauwa'u, da Yahweh sanya sutturar fata a cikin ta takaitaccen labari (3: 20-21). Labarin lambun ya ƙare da bayanan sirri na intradivine, na tantance korar ma'auratan, da kuma yin wannan hukuncin (3: 22-24).

Uwar yan'adam

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Hauwa'u (da ire-iren matan bayan bayanta) an yanke mata hukuncin rai da baƙin ciki da naƙuda a cikin haihuwa, kuma ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon mijinta. Adamu da Hauwa'u suna da 'ya'ya maza guda biyu, Kayinu da Habila (Qayin da Heel), na farkon mai hidimar ƙasa, na biyu kuma mai kiwon tumaki. Bayan mutuwar Habila, Hauwa'u ta haifi ɗa na uku, Seth (Šet), daga wurin Nuhu (kuma ta haka ne dukkan bil'adama na zamani). Dangane da Farawa, an haifi Shitu ne lokacin da Adamu yake da shekara [8] 130 [9] “ɗa cikin kamanninsa da kamanninsa”. Farawa 5: 4 ta ce Hauwa'u ta sami 'ya'ya mata da maza fiye da Kayinu, Habila, da Shitu.

A cikin sauran ayyuka

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Lilith, na John Collier, 1887

Wasu ra'ayoyi kamar macijin da aka bayyana shi da Shaidan, zunubin Hauwa'u shine jarabar jima'i, ko matar farkon Adamu kasancewarta Lilith, sun fito ne daga rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubucen da aka samo cikin takaddar yahudawa iri-iri, amma ba a samo su a cikin Littafin Farawa ko Attaura kanta ba. Rubuce-rubucen da suka yi ma'amala da waɗannan batutuwan sune litattafai masu yawa a cikin Hellenanci, Latin, Slavonic, Syriac, Armenian da Larabci, sun koma tunanin tsohon yahudawa. Daga nan aka karɓi tsattsauran ra'ayinsu zuwa tauhidin Kirista, amma ba cikin yahudanci na zamani ba. Wannan alama ce ta rarrabuwa tsakanin addinan biyu. Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin sassan Yahudawa da ake kira apocrypha ana kiransu Primary Adam Literature inda wasu ayyukan suka zama Christianized. Misalan ayyukan Kiristanci sune Littafin Adamu da Hauwa'u, wanda aka sani da Rikicin Adamu da Hauwa'u tare da Shaidan, an fassara shi daga Habasha Ge'ez wanda Solomon Kaisar Malan (1882)[10] da kuma ainihin aikin Syriac mai suna Cave of Treasure[11] wanda ke da kusancin kusanci ga Rikicin kamar yadda Og Dillmann ya lura.

  • A cikin littafin Yahudanci The Alphabet of Ben-Sira, Hauwa'u ita ce 'matar ta biyu' ta Adam, inda Lilith shine farkonsa. A wannan juzu'in, wanda ya shigo Turai daga Gabas a cikin karni na 6, yana nuna cewa Lilith an kirkireshi a lokaci guda, daga wannan ƙasa (Sumerian Ki), daidai yake da Adam, daidai yake da Babila Lilitu, matar Sumliya ta Ninlil na Enlil . Lilith ya ki yin bacci ko ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Adamu. Lokacin da Adamu yayi ƙoƙari ya tilasta ta zuwa "mara ƙima", ta tashi daga Adnin zuwa cikin iska inda ta yi cuɗanya da aljanu, tana ɗaukar daruruwan kowace rana ( wadatar djinn Larabci). Allah ya aiko da mala’iku uku a bayanta, wadanda suka yi barazanar kashe diyanta idan ta ƙi komawa ga Adamu. Ta ƙi, ta bar Allah ya aura wa Adam ta biyu, ban da wannan lokacin daga haƙarƙarinsa.
  • A Rayuwar Adamu da Hauwa'u, kuma ta Helenanci version Apocalypse Musa, shi ne wani rukuni na Yahudawa pseudepigraphical rubuce-rubucen cewa jẽranta rayuwar da Adamu da Hauwa'u bayan su kore shi daga cikin gonar Aidan zuwa ga mutuwar.
  • Littafin Deuterocanonical na Tobit ya tabbatar da cewa an bai wa Hauwa'u mataimaki (viii, 8; Sept., viii, 6).

Ra'ayoyin Addini

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Yahudanci

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A cikin labarin farkon halittar (Elohim), an ce “namiji da mace [Elohim] ya halicce su” (Farawa 1:27), wanda aka fassara da nuna tasirin halittar mutum da mace lokaci guda. Yayin da lissafi na biyu na halitta ya faɗi cewa Yahweh ya halicci Hauwa'u daga haƙarƙan Adam, saboda shi kaɗai ne (Farawa 2:18 ff.). Don haka don warware wannan rarrabewar, wasu malamai magabata sun ba da shawarar Hawwa'u daga lissafi na biyu, da kuma matar Allah, asusun biyu, mutane biyu ne: Hauwa'u da Lilith .

Midrash Rabbah Farawa VIII: 1 yana fassara "namiji da mace ya halitce su" domin yana nufin cewa Allah ya fara halittar Adamu ne a matsayin hermaphrodite . Ta wannan hanyar, mutum ya kasance mai jiki da ta ruhu maza da mata. Daga baya Allah ya yanke hukunci "ba kyau ga dan Adam ya kasance shi kadai ba", kuma ya halicci halittu dabam, Adamu da Hauwa'u. Wannan yana inganta akidar mutane biyu tare don samun haɗin kai tsakanin ruhohin nan biyu.

Halittar Hauwa'u, a cewar Rabbi Joshua, ita ce: "Allah Ya yi shawara daga abin da memba zai halitta mace, kuma ya yi tunani da kansa Ta haka ne: Ba zan halittar da ita daga kan Adamu ba, don za ta kasance mutum mai girman kai, kuma riƙe kai ta kauda kai. Idan na halitta ta daga ido, to za ta so ta shiga cikin kowane abu; idan daga kunne ne, za ta so jin duk abin da; idan daga bakin, za ta yi magana da yawa; idan daga zuciya, za ta yi wa mutane hassada; idan daga hannu ne, za ta yi marmarin daukar komai; idan daga ƙafafu, za ta zama gadabout. Don haka zan kirkiri wata daga cikin mambar da ke ɓoye, watau haƙarƙarin mutum ne, wanda ba a ganinsa yayin da mutum tsirara yake."

Dangane da Midrash na Genesis Rabba da sauran bayanan da suka biyo baya, ko Kayinu yana da twar'uwar tagwaye, amma Habila yana da twar sistersan mata tagwaye, ko Kayinu yana da twar’yan tagwaye mai suna Lebuda, da Habila aar’uwa tagwaye mai suna Qelimath. Bangaskiyar Yahudawa ta gargajiya ita ce cewa an binne Hauwa'u a cikin kogon Makpelah .

Litattafan rabbiz na farko sun ƙunshi al'adun da ke nuna Hauwa'u ta hanya da ba ta dace ba. A cewar Farawa Rabbah 18: 4 Adam da sauri ya fahimci cewa Hauwa'u an ƙaddara za ta yi jayayya dashi a koyaushe. Mace ta farko ita ma ta zama abin zargi da aka yiwa Rabbi Joshua na Siknin, wanda a cewarta Hauwa'u, duk da kokarin da Allah ya yi, ta zama “shugabantar kai, baƙar fata, baƙi, tsegumi, mai haɗama da kishi, ɗan yatsu mai sauƙi da gadabout ”(Ibid. 18: 2). An gabatar da irin wannan tuhumar a cikin Farawa Rabbah 17: 8, gwargwadon abin da halittar Hauwa'u daga haƙarƙarin Adam maimakon ta duniya ya kebanta da Adam kuma ba ta gamsar da komai ba. A ƙarshe, munanan ayyukan da aka sanya wa Hauwa'u sun bayyana a Farawa Rabbah 17: 8:

Me yasa mutum zai fita waje da kansa alhali kuwa mace tana fita rufe kanta? Tana kama da wanda ya aikata mugunta, ya kunyata mutane. Don haka sai ta fita ta rufe kanta. Me yasa su [matan] suke tafiya gaban gawa [a jana'izar]? Saboda sun kawo mutuwa ga duniya, saboda haka suna tafiya gaban gawar, (kamar yadda aka rubuta,) “Gama an ɗauke shi zuwa kabari ... kuma dukkan mutane suna binsa, kamar yadda akwai mutane da yawa a gabansa” Aiki 21: 32f). Kuma me ya sa aka ba ta dokar haihuwar (nidah)? Domin ta zubar da jinin Adam [ta hanyar haddasa mutuwa], don haka ne aka ba da umarnin jinin haihuwar. Me ya sa aka ba ta mastarin 'kullu' (ḥlah)? Domin ta lalata Adam, wanda shine kullu na duniya, sabili da haka ya kasance dokar da aka ba mata. Kuma me ya sa aka ba ta dokar hasken Asabar (sabunta shabat)? Domin ta ɓata ran ,an Adam, don haka ne dokar ƙaƙƙarfan hasken Asabar ta aka ba ta.[12]

kari akan wannan, litattafan rabbi na farko sun ƙunshi wurare da yawa inda ake tuhumar Hauwa'u da laifuffuka iri-iri. An fada a cikin Farawa 3:16 cewa “sha'awarka za ta kasance ga mijinki,” Rabaran ne ya tuhume ta da yin lalata da jima'i (Farawa Rabbah 20: 7) da kuma jan hankalin Adam (ibid. 23: 5). Koyaya, dangane da shaharar rubutu da kuma rarrabuwar kawuna, manufar Hauwa'u ta kasance tare da maciji mai fifikon gaske yana ɗaukar fifiko akan sauran tawayen ta. Duk da nuna rashin gamsuwa game da wannan labarin, an isar da shi a wurare da yawa: Farawa Rabbah 18: 6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b – 146a da 196a, Yevamot 103b da 'Avodah zarah 22b.

Kiristanci

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Wasu Ubannin Ikilisiya na Farko sun fassara 2Cor.11: 3 da 1Tim.2: 13-14 cewa Manzo Bulus ya inganta shirun da ƙaddamar da mata saboda yaudarar Hauwa'u, macen da ta jaraba Adamu ya ci 'ya'yan itacen, kuma ya ƙeta ta cin daga 'ya'yan itacen da kanta.

Tertullian ya gaya wa matansa masu sauraro, a farkon karni na 2, cewa "su ƙofar shaidan ne", kuma ya ci gaba da bayanin cewa duk mata suna da alhakin mutuwar Kristi: "Saboda hamada - wato mutuwa - har ma da - dan Allah ya mutu." Saint Augustine, a cikin balaguroncinsa akan labarin faduwa a cikin Farawa, wanda ya kai ga koyarwar darikar Katolika game da zunubin asali, ya zargi Adam da zunubi maimakon Hauwa'u.[13] Tunanin sa shine, saboda zunubi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rai ba gawar ba kuma saboda ya fahimci ma'amala ta haihuwa don hada kayan taimako (na jiki) daga mace da gudummawa (ruhi) daga namiji, sannan zunubi na asali ba zai iya ginuwa ba. a kan laifofin Hauwa'u. Maimakon haka, zunubinta duk an gafarta mata, saboda maciji ya yaudare ta, kuma ba ta da sakamako na tarihin ɗan adam, domin ba ta iya isar da zunubi ga zuriyarta ba. Adam, a gefe guda, yana da cikakken sani game da zunubinsa kuma daga cikin sha'awa ya zaɓi rayuwar zunubi tare da mace akan rayuwar tare da Allah. Wannan Augustinian koyarwa kuma an kafe a Paul: "zunubi ya shigo duniya ta dalilin mutum ɗaya." (Romawa 5:12). Gregory na Tours ya ba da rahoton cewa, a cikin Majalisa ta Uku na Mâcon (585 AZ), tare da bishiyoyi 43 suka halarta, bishop ɗaya ya tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya haɗa mace a ƙarƙashin kalmar "mutum" kamar yadda take alhakin zunubin Adamu ba, kuma tana da raunanan rai. Koyaya, shari'arsa ba ta yanke ba kuma ba ta matsa batun gaba ba.

Hauwa'u, a cikin zane-zane na Kirista, ana yawan nuna shi azaman mai jarrabawar Adam, kuma sau da yawa yayin Renaissance maciji a cikin Lambun ana nuna shi da samun fuskar mace daidai da na Hauwa'u. An kuma kwatanta ta da almara na Greco-Roman na Pandora wanda ke da alhakin kawo mugunta cikin duniya.

Wasu Krista sun ce auren mace ɗaya ya nuna a cikin labarin Adamu da Hauwa'u yayin da mace ɗaya aka haɗu don namiji ɗaya. Da daukar Hawwa'u daga ɓangarenta ya nuna ba kawai aikinta na biyu ba ne a cikin yanayin rikice-rikice (1Korantiyawa 11: 9), amma yana ƙarfafa dangantakar kusanci tsakanin mata da miji, da dogaro da ita a gare shi.

A cikin Kiristanci na al'ada, Hauwa'u alama ce ta Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu wanda a wasu lokuta ake kira "Hauwa'u ta biyu".

  • Asalin Zina, wanda Michiel Coxie ya rubuta
    Asalin Zina, wanda Michiel Coxie ya rubuta
  • Macijin a cikin wannan kayan, wanda Aikin Giovanni della Robbia, yana da fuskar mace wacce tayi kama da Hauwa'u.
    Macijin a cikin wannan kayan, wanda Aikin Giovanni della Robbia, yana da fuskar mace wacce tayi kama da Hauwa'u.

Gnosticism

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A cikin Gnosticism, Hauwa'u ana ganin shi azaman matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin mata, wanda ake kira Barbelo. An daidaita ta da maariyar Sophia, mahaliccin kalma (Logos) na Allah, thegater ta taɓa hotuna ko kuma kawai Budurwa Mai Uku, Parthenos. A cikin wasu rubutun an daidaita ta da Zoe (Life).[14] A cikin wasu rubutun Gnostic, kamar su Hypostasis na Archons, Pistis Sophia yana daidai da 'yar Hauwa'u, Norea, matar Seth.

Musulunci

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Zane daga Manafi al-Hayawan (Dabbobi Masu Amfani), wanda ke nuna Adam da Hauwa'u. Daga Maragheh a Iran, 1294–99

An ambaci matar Adamu (Adam) a cikin Alqur’ani a cikin ayoyi 30-39 na Sura 2, ayoyi 11-25 na Sura 7, ayoyi 26-42 na Sura 15, ayoyi 61-65 na Sura 17, ayoyi 50-55 na Sura 18, ayoyi 110 -124 na Sura 20 kuma a cikin ayoyi 71-85 na Sura ta 38, amma sunan "Hauwa'u" (Arabic : حواء, Ḥawwā) ba a saukar da shi ba ko amfani dashi a cikin Alqur’ani. Hauwa'u an ambace ta da suna kawai a cikin hadisi.[15]

Lissafin Adamu da Hauwa'u a cikin matsanancin Islama, wanda ya haɗa Alƙur'ani da littattafan sunna sun yi kama da na Attaura da na Baibul. Kur'ani ya ba da labarin abin da Allah ya halitta "rai guda ya halitta daga gare ta ma'aurata kuma Ya watsa daga maza da yawa mata da maza" (k: Al-Nisa 4: 1), amma akwai ingantattun hadisai da ke goyan bayan halittar mace " daga hakarkari ”( Sahih Bukhari 4: 55: 548; Sahih Bukhari 7: 62: 114, Sahih Muslim 8: 3467, Sahih Muslim 8: 3468). Ba a zargi Hauwa'u da tursasa Adamu da ta ci 'ya'yan itacen da aka hana (kuma ba ma'anar asalin zunubi). A akasin wannan, Kur'ani ya nuna cewa "sun ci shi" kuma duka biyun suna da alhakin wannan sabawa ubangiji (Alkurani 20: 121-122).

Akwai wasu hadisai daga (Abu Hurairah ne ya ruwaito shi), amincin wanda aka yi jayayya da shi, wanda ke ɗaukar cewa Muhammadu ya bayyana Hauwa'u a matsayin babban abin cin amanar mace. "An ruwaito daga Abu Hurrairah: Annabi ya ce, 'Idan ba don Bani Isra'ila ba, nama ba zai lalata ba; kuma ba domin Hauwa'u ba, da kowace mace da za ta ci amanar mijinta.'" (Sahih Bukhari, Hadisi na 611, juzu'i na 55) An samo sigar kama amma mafi bayyananne a cikin littafi na biyu na girmamawa na ruwayoyi, Sahih Muslim. "Abu Hurrairah (Allah Ya yarda da shi) ya ruwaito Manzon Allah (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) yana cewa: Idan ba domin Hauwa'u ba, mace ba za ta taba yin biyayya ga mijinta ba." (Hadisi na 3471, juzu'i na 8).

Addinin Bahá'ínci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An ba da labarin Bahrain's Hauwa'u a Wasu Tambayoyi da aka Amsa. 'Abdu'l-Bahá ya bayyana Hauwa'u a matsayin wata alama ta rai da kuma dauke da asirin allahntaka.[16] Addinin Bahá'í ta ce tarihin Hauwa'u a al'adun Ibrahimawa da da suka gabata magana ce ta zahiri.[17]

Rassan dangi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Steve Ray, "St[s]. Adam and Eve, St. Abraham, St. Moses – Did You Know Some Old Testament People Are Saints?", https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ Archived 2019-07-21 at the Wayback Machine; confer Catechism of the Catholic Church, 61.
  2. ↑ American Heritage Dictionary
  3. ↑ The Weidner "Chronicle" mentioning Kubaba from A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975)
  4. ↑ Munn, Mark (2004). "Kybele as Kubaba in a Lydo-Phrygian Context": Emory University cross-cultural conference "Hittites, Greeks and Their Neighbors in Central Anatolia" (Abstracts)
  5. ↑ Dever, William K (2005), "Did God Have A Wife? Archaeology And Folk Religion In Ancient Israel" (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company)
  6. ↑ Saul Olyan, Asherah (1988), pp. 70–71, contested by O. Keel
  7. ↑ Cf. Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Narrative, Basic Books, 1983, p. 31.
  8. ↑ 130 according to the Masoretic Text; 230 according to the Septuagint. Larsson, Gerhard. “The Chronology of the Pentateuch: A Comparison of the MT and LXX.” Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 102, no. 3, 1983, p. 402. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3261014.
  9. ↑ 130 according to the Masoretic Text; 230 according to the Septuagint. Larsson, Gerhard. “The Chronology of the Pentateuch: A Comparison of the MT and LXX.” Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 102, no. 3, 1983, p. 402. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3261014.
  10. ↑ First translated by August Dillmann (Das christl. Adambuch des Morgenlandes, 1853), and the Ethiopic book first edited by Trump (Abh. d. Münch. Akad. xv., 1870–1881).
  11. ↑ Die Schatzhöhle translated by Carl Bezold from three Syriac MSS (1883), edited in Syriac (1888).
  12. ↑ Genesis Rabbah, in: Judaic Classics Library, Davka Software. (CD-ROM).
  13. ↑ The City of God, Book XIII
  14. ↑ Krosney, Herbert (2007) "The Lost Gospel: the quest for the Gospel of Judas Iscariot" (National Geographic)
  15. ↑ Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies – Page 9, Amira El Azhary Sonbol – 2005
  16. ↑ Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahái̓́ Theology – Volume 8 – Page 215 Jack McLean – 1997
  17. ↑ Earth Circles: Baha'i Perspectives on Global Issues – Page 77, Michael Fitzgerald – 2003

Bibliography

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Alter, Robert (2004). Littattafan Musa guda biyar . New York: WW Norton. ISBN   Alter, Robert Alter, Robert Fassara tare da sharhi.
  • Ambaliyar, Yahaya (2010). Wakilin Hauwa'u a Tarihi da Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Ingilishi . Ka'ida.
  • Hastings, James (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Kashi na 10 . Kessinger Bugawa. ISBN   Hastings, James (2003). Hastings, James (2003).
  • Hugenberger, G.P. (1988). "Rib". In Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (ed.). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, juz'i na 4 . Eerdmans. ISBN   Hugenberger, G.P. (1988). "Rib". In Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (ed.). Hugenberger, G.P. (1988). "Rib". In Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (ed.).
  • Jacobs, Mignon R. (2007). Jinsi, Iko, da Huɗaba: Farawa Narratives da Ra'ayoyin Rubutun Zamani . Baker Ilimi.
  • Mathews, K. A. (1996). Farawa 1: 26 . Kungiyar B&H Bugawa . ISBN   Mathews, K. A. (1996). Mathews, K. A. (1996).
  • Norris, Pamela (1998). Labarin Hauwa'u . Littattafan MacMillan.
  • Pagels, Elaine (1989). Adamu, Hauwa'u da Macijin . Littattafai na kayan abinci.
  • Paulinus Minorita. Matsakaici .  
  • Tumanov, Vladimir (2011). "Maryamu da Hauwa'u: Rashin tabbas na Mahaifa da kuma Ra'ayin Kirista na Mata" . Neophilologus: Jaridar kasa da kasa ta zamani da Harshen Mediaeval da Littattafan 95.4: 507-5521.
  • Turner, Laurence A. (2009). Farawa (na biyu ed.). Sheffield: Phoenix Press. ISBN   Turner, Laurence A. (2009). Turner, Laurence A. (2009).
  • Womack, Mari (2005). Alamu Da Ma'ana: Gabatarwa Kan Gaggawa . AltaMira Press. ISBN   Womack, Mari (2005). Womack, Mari (2005).
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