Ilse Aichinger
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Ilse Aichinger (1 Nuwamba 1921-11 Nuwamba 2016) marubuciya ce 'yar Austriya wacce aka sani da asusunta na tsananta mata na Nazi saboda zuriyarta ta Yahudawa. [1] Ta rubuta wakoki,gajerun labarai da wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo,kuma ta sami kyaututtukan adabi da yawa na Turai.[2]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Aichinger a 1921 a Vienna,tare da 'yar'uwarta tagwaye,Helga Michie,zuwa ga Berta,likita na kabilar Yahudawa,da Ludwig,malami.[2] [3] Yayin da dangin mahaifiyarta suka hade,yaran sun girma Katolik .Aichinger ta ciyar da ƙuruciyarta a Linz kuma,bayan iyayenta sun rabu,ta koma Vienna tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yar'uwarta,suna halartar makarantar sakandaren Katolik.[2] Bayan Anschluss a 1938,danginta sun fuskanci tsanantawa na Nazi.A matsayinta na "Yahudawa rabi" ba a yarda ta ci gaba da karatunta ba kuma ta zama mai aikin bauta a masana'antar maɓalli.[2] 'Yar'uwarta Helga ta tsere daga Nazism a cikin Yuli 1939 ta hanyar Kindertransport zuwa Ingila inda ta haifi 'ya mace,wanda ya zama ɗan wasan Ingila Ruth Rix. [2] A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Aichinger ta iya ɓoye mahaifiyarta a cikin ɗakin da aka ba ta,a gaban Hotel Metropol,hedkwatar Viennese Gestapo. [4] Amma 'yan uwa da yawa daga bangaren mahaifiyarta,daga cikinsu akwai kakarta Gisela,wacce ta fi sha'awarta,an tura su zuwa sansanin kawar da Maly Trostenets kusa da Minsk,kuma aka kashe su.[4]
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1945,Aichinger ta fara karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Vienna,yayin da take rubuce-rubuce a cikin lokacinta.A cikin littafinta na farko,Das vierte Tor (Ƙofar ta huɗu),ta rubuta game da abubuwan da ta samu a ƙarƙashin mulkin Nazi.[4] A cikin 1947 ita da mahaifiyarta Berta sun sami damar tafiya zuwa London kuma sun ziyarci tagwayen Aichinger Helga da 'yarta Ruth.Ziyarar ita ce zaburarwa ga ɗan gajeren labari, "Dover".[2]
Ta bar karatun ta a 1948 don kammala littafinta mai Die größere Hoffnung.("Babban bege",an fassara shi azaman 'Ya'yan Hirudus ).[4] Littafin ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafai na harshen Jamusanci na karni na ashirin. Labari ne na gaskiya na zaluncin wani yaro da Nazis ya yi a Vienna.[2]
A cikin 1949,Aichinger ya rubuta ɗan gajeren labari "Spiegelgeschichte" (English:).An buga shi a sassa hudu a cikin wata jarida ta Austria,kuma sananne ne a Austria saboda yana cikin jerin littattafan da ake koyarwa a makarantu. [5] An rubuta labarin a baya,wanda ya fara da ƙarshen tarihin matar da ba a ambaci sunansa ba, kuma ya ƙare da ƙuruciyarta. [6]
A cikin 1949,Aichinger ya zama mai karatu don wallafe-wallafen gidaje a Vienna da Frankfurt,kuma ta yi aiki tare da Inge Scholl don kafa Cibiyar Rubutun Ƙirƙira a Ulm,Jamus.
A cikin 1951,an gayyaci Aichinger don shiga ƙungiyar marubuta Gruppe 47,ƙungiyar da ke da nufin yada ra'ayoyin dimokuradiyya a Ostiriya bayan yakin.[4] Ta karanta labarinta "Spiegelgeschichte" da ƙarfi a taron ƙungiyar,kuma manyan membobin ƙungiyar irin su Hans Werner Richter sun gamsu da ginin labari da ba a saba gani ba.A shekara mai zuwa,ta sami lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar don mafi kyawun rubutu,ta zama mace ta farko da ta karɓi. A 1956, ta shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Arts,Berlin.Har ila yau, ta kasance bakuwa malami a Cibiyar Jamus a Jami'ar Vienna, inda ta koyar da wallafe-wallafe da nazarin ilimin halin dan Adam.
Yin bita a 1957 juzu'i na gajerun ayyukanta a cikin fassarar,The Bound Man da sauran Labarun, Anthony Boucher ya kwatanta Aichinger a matsayin "wani nau'i na Kafka mai taƙaitaccen bayani," yana yabon labarin take, " Der gefesselte Mann "("The Bound Man"), don "amfani da labari na alamomi masu daraja",[7] Ana yin sharhi akai-akai game da kamancen aikin Kafka,duk da haka wasu masu sukar sun bayyana cewa aikin Aichinger ta wuce na Kafka a cikin mahimmancin ta akan Bangaren tunani na wahalar ɗan adam
Bayan mutuwar mijinta, mawaƙin Jamus Günter Eich, a cikin 1972, Aichinger da sauransu sun gyara ayyukansa kuma suka buga su a matsayin Tarin Ayyukan Gunter Eich. A cikin 1996, tana da shekaru 75, ta kasance mai masaukin shirye-shiryen rediyon Jamus Studio LCB don wallafe-wallafen Colloquium Berlin.
Aichinger ya sadu da mawallafin mawaƙin kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo Günter Eich ta Rukunin 47 kuma sun yi aure a 1953; suna da ɗa Clemens Eich (1954-1998), kuma a cikin 1958 wata diya, Mirjam.
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Ilse Aichinger", Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "World War II saga: Gail Wiltshire revisits Ilse Aichinger’s novel" by Tess Livingstone, The Australian, 8 August 2015
- ↑ "Ilse Aichinger" by Meike Fechner and Susanne Wirtz, in Lebendiges Museum Online (in German)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDW - ↑ See Resler, W. Michael: "A Structural Approach to Aichinger's 'Spiegelgeschichte'", in: Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1979), pp. 30–37 (jstor-link)
- ↑ See Stanley, Patricia Haas: "Ilse Aichinger's Absurd 'I'", in: German Studies Review, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Oct., 1979), pp. 331–350 (jstor-link).
- ↑ "Recommended Reading", F&SF, July 1957, p. 91.