Immaculée Birhaheka
 Immaculée Birhaheka | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1959 (64/65 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam |
Immaculée Birhaheka (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) 'yar fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ce daga Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Ita ce co-founder kuma shugabar kungiyar kare hakkin mata Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Feminines (PAIF) wanda ke aiki don yaƙar cin zarafin jima'i da haɓaka shigar mata cikin rayuwar jama'a.[1] [2]
Ƙuruciya da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Birhaheka a wani yanki na karkara na Kudancin Kivu a shekara ta 1960. Ta yi karatun ci gaban karkara a matsayin dalibar kwaleji a Bukavu. Sha'awarta ta inganta rayuwar mata ta fara ne a yayin da take aikin nazarin abinci mai gina jiki da ke duba irin ayyukan da matan karkara ke yi. Wannan fanni na karatu zai zama batun karatun koleji dinta. [3]
Bayan da Birhaheka ta shaida yadda ake mayar da mata saniyar ware a cikin al'ummar Kongo, a yankunan karkarar da ta yi karatu da kuma irin abubuwan da ta samu a fannin ilimi, Birhaheka ta fara bayyana ra'ayin 'yancin mata.
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Birhaheka ta fara aiki da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta bayan ta kammala karatunta na jami'a. An dauke ta aiki a kan batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi a matsayin wani bangare na sashin mata, amma ta ci karo da irin wannan al'adar uba a cikin kungiyar kanta. Bayan ta yi aiki a madadin wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kuma ta ji takaicin yadda ake mayar da mata baya a duniya, ita da abokan aikinta sun yanke shawarar kirkiro wata sabuwar kungiya da za ta mayar da hankali musamman kan hakkin mata da mata. [3] Sun kafa PAIF, ko Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Feminines (Promotion and Support of Women's Initiatives) a Goma a shekarar 1992. [4] [5]
Manufar farko na PAIF ita ce inganta matsayin mata a cikin rayuwar jama'a: hana mata daga mayar da su zuwa aikin gida da gida, maimakon ilmantar da su da kuma sauƙaƙe su shiga cikin siyasa, doka, da kuma hakkokin bil'adama.[6] Sun fara ne da aiki kan tsarin samar da ruwa, don baiwa 'yan matan da ba za su iya diban ruwa da safe su halarci makaranta ba. PAIF ta kuma yi aiki don ilimantar da maza da mata a yankunan karkara game da 'yancin mata, ta yin amfani da gidajen rediyo don inganta "hada mata a matsayin dabarun ci gaba".
PAIF daga baya ta faɗaɗa manufarta don haɗa da bayar da shawarwari a madadin waɗanda aka yi wa fyade. Bayan kisan kiyashin da aka yi a kasar Ruwanda a shekarar 1994, yayin da rikici ke kara ta'azzara a yankin, Birhaheka ta fahimci yawaitar wadanda aka yi lalata da su a lokacin yakin a tsakanin 'yan gudun hijirar da take aiki da su. Ta yi aiki don wayar da kan jama'a game da fyade a matsayin dabarar yaki, da kuma tallafawa wadanda suka tsira. [5] PAIF ta fara ba da tallafi na doka da na likita, musamman ga waɗanda danginsu suka yi watsi da su, da kuma gudanar da wani gida mai tsaro a Goma. [7]
Kungiyar ta kuma bayar da shawarar kara karfafawa da kuma gurfanar da wadanda ake zargin fyade a matsayin laifi. A shekara ta 2006 PAIF ta yi nasarar fafutukar kawo sauyi a cikin dokokin DRC da suka shafi fyade, gami da ƙarin hukunci ga masu laifi. [4] A yayin da ake ci gaba da tashe-tashen hankula a yankin, Birhaheka da PAIF na ci gaba da wayar da kan jama'a kan batutuwa kamar lalata da yara kanana.[8]
Saboda aikinta a madadin mata da wadanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin mata, Birhaheka ta samu barazanar kisa daga cikin gwamnati da kuma daga kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga. Jami'an leken asiri na Kongo sun tsare ta sau biyu. [9]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Immaculée Birhaheka ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta shekarar 2000 Martin Ennals na masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.
Ta sami lambar yabo ta Dimokuradiyya a shekarar 2006 daga National Endowment for Democracy (NED). [10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Congo's women fight for the right to play a peacekeeping role | Allyn Gaestel | Allison Shelley" . the Guardian . 2015-01-22. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
- ↑ Csete, Joanne; Kippenberg, Juliane (2002). The War Within the War: Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls in Eastern Congo . Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-276-0
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bafilemba, Fidel. "Immaculée Birhaheka - Congo Stories: Battling Five Centuries of Exploitation and Greed" . Congo Stories . Retrieved 2020-05-25.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Hundreds of thousands raped in Congo wars" . the Guardian . 2006-11-14. Retrieved 2020-05-25.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Enough Project (2011-03-11). "100 Years of Honoring Women: Immaculee Birhaheka" . The Enough Project . Retrieved 2020-05-25.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Lake, Milli May (2018-05-31). Strong NGOs and Weak States: Pursuing Gender Justice in the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-32163-1
- ↑ DeVoe, Anne (2011-11-01). "Carrying a Piece of Congo in Our Pockets: Global Complicity to Congo's Sexual Violence and the Conflict Minerals Trade" . Seattle Journal for Social Justice .
- ↑ Ngoma, John Ndinga (2010). "RDC : difficile lutte contre l'exploitation sexuelle des mineures à Goma" . Africa News .
- ↑ "Immaculée Birhaheka - Martin Ennals Award Immaculée Birhaheka" . Martin Ennals Award . Retrieved 2020-05-26.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "NED to Honor African Activists with 2006 Democracy Award" . NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY . Retrieved 2020-05-26.