Jam'iyyar Najjadeh
 Jam'iyyar Najjadeh | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | jam'iyyar siyasa |
| Ƙasa | Lebanon |
Ideology (en)  |
Pan-Arabism (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1933 |
| najjadeh.org | |
Jam'iyyar Najjadeh ( Larabci: حزب النجادة ) jam'iyyar siyasa ce ta kasar Labanon da ke aiki tun a shekarar 1930. Lokacin da Rikicin Kiristanci ya mamaye Lebanon Phalanges, Jam'iyyar Naijjadeh ta sami goyon bayanta da farko daga al'ummomin Musulmi Sunni na Lebanon .
Asalin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lebanon a cikin 1930s ta shaida bullar kungiyoyin wasanni na matasa guda biyu na 'yan darika masu bayyana ra'ayin farkisanci a Beirut da sauran garuruwan Lebanon, Falange na Lebanon karkashin jagorancin Pierre Gemayel da Najjadah. Wannan karshen ya fara wanzuwarsa ne a cikin 1933-34 a matsayin kungiyar 'yan sunna musulmin sunna da aka kafa kuma karkashin jagorancin Muhi al-Din al-Nasuli, editan jaridar Musulman Larabawa mai tasiri Bayrut, [1] tare da manufar kare lafiyar Al'ummar musulmi da kuma yin aiki a matsayin kiba ga masu fafutuka.
Ya sha sukar "hargitsin ɗabi'a" a cikin rayuwar jama'a kuma ya ɗauki taken koli na "Larabci Sama da Duka" a kan kansa na jaridarsa. Al-Nasuli na Bayrut ya kuma buga labarai masu kayatarwa na goyon bayan matasan Jamus ga Hitler, tare da gabatar da kasidu masu kwatanta kan 'yan mata a <i id="mwHw">Bund Deutscher Mädel</i>, reshen mata na Matasan Hitler . [2] Shugaban 'yan tawayen Larabawa na Falasdinu da ke adawa da Birtaniya a shekarar 1936-1939, bayan da ya dawo daga tafiya Jamus, an yi masa gumaka a shafukan Bayrut, inda al-Nasuli ya gabatar da bayanai da edita da kansa. [3]
Duk da cewa al-Nasuli ya inganta Najjadah a matsayin musulmi wanda yayi daidai da Falanges da kiristoci suka mamaye, [4] da daliban musulmi mabiya Sunna daga makarantun da kungiyar agaji ta Musulunci ta Maqasid ta samar masa da tarin wadanda za su iya daukar ma'aikata, tun da farko kungiyar ba ta yi daidai da na kungiyar ba. kuzari da basirar ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin kishiyoyinsu. [5] Ba ta jawo hankalin jama'a ba sai a 1936 lokacin da Adnan al-Hakim, malamin jami'a kuma ɗan siyasa, ya hau shugabancin ƙungiyar kuma ya sake tsara ta zuwa jam'iyyar siyasa mai tsari, wacce ta haɓaka cikin sauri bayan haka.
Imani na siyasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin musulmi "dan'uwan tagwaye" na Phalangists, Najjadah mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mai adawa da kwaminisanci kuma ta ba da shawarar kishin kasa na Larabawa - wanda aka bayyana a cikin tsarinta na kira ga hadin kan Larabawa, 'yancin kai na kasashen Larabawa daga mulkin mallaka, da Larabawa Larabawa - kuma duk da cewa ba ta taba yin aiki da ita ba, hakan bai hana jam’iyyar samun dimbin magoya baya a cikin al’ummar Musulmi mabiya Sunna ba, musamman a Beirut a karshen shekarun 1930 zuwa farkon shekarun 1940.
A tsarin akida, Najjadah ta dauki da wuri kan tsarin kishin kasa na Pan-Arab wanda ke kokarin dakile duk wani tasiri na kasashen waje (ciki har da na mulkin mallaka a kasar Labanon, Faransa ), wanda ya sha bamban da Phoenicist na kansa . -Ra'ayin yamma. Dangantakar da ke tattare da irin wadannan ra'ayoyi na kasashen Larabawa tare da mahangar kishin kasa ta kabilanci ta bayyana a cikin takenta na "Larabci a kan kowa" ( Larabci : al-uruba fawqa al-jami' ). [6]
Wani rahoto na shekarun 1970 ya bayyana cewa "Masu Taimakawa (al-Najjada) [su] Asalinsu ƙungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda, wannan jam'iyyar tana ba da shawara ga al'ummar Larabawa da zamantakewar musulmi-Arab". [7] [8]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lokacin wa'adin: 1936-1943[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ko da yake a tsakiyar shekarun 1930 jam'iyyun Najjadah da na Phalange suna fafutukar ganin kasar Lebanon ta samu 'yancin kai daga Faransa, amma tushensu na bangaranci da kuma sabanin ra'ayi na akida da ra'ayi game da makomar kasar sun tabbatar da cewa za su tsunduma cikin rikicin siyasa na Kirista da Musulmi. Takaddama tsakanin wadannan kungiyoyi biyu na hannun dama sun kusan kai wani matsayi mai tsanani a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, 1936 a birnin Beirut, lokacin da wata zanga-zangar da Najjadah ta shirya domin nuna goyon bayan gwagwarmayar musulmi a Palastinu [9] ta fuskanci matasan 'yan ta'adda na Phalangist. Mambobin kungiyar sun yi tattaki a kan tituna da lungu da sako na Bangaren Musulmi suna daga tutar kasar Syria da kuma alluna masu dauke da taken neman hadin kan Larabawa, lamarin da da alama mayakan kiristoci suka dauka a matsayin tsokana. Magoya bayan Najjadah - a halin yanzu jam'iyyar siyasa ta gaskiya - nan da nan suka fito kan tituna don kare yankunan musulmi na yammacin Beirut da kuma tinkarar hare-haren da kungiyoyin sa kai na Kirista suka yi a wadannan yankuna.
Yakin duniya na biyu da faduwar Faransa a watan Yunin 1940, ya haifar da tashin hankali na kishin kasa a kasar Labanon, wanda akasari Najjadah ne suka gudanar da shi kuma galibi suna hada baki da abokan hamayyar Falangist. Ganin cewa lokaci ya yi da za a dauki mataki kan tursasawa Faransawa masu rauni su karbi cikakken 'yancin kai na Labanon, Adnan Al-Hakim da Pierre Gemayel sun amince su ajiye bambance-bambancen siyasa na wani dan lokaci don kafa kawancen adawa da Faransa, wanda ya fara shirya manyan zanga-zangar hadin gwiwa. . Na farko ya faru ne a shekara ta 1941, lokacin da Najjadah da ‘yan Falangists suka shirya wani tattaki a Beirut don nuna adawa da tsarin rarraba abinci da hukumomin Faransa suka kafa, wanda ya rikide zuwa tashin hankali lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka yi yunkurin tarwatsa zanga-zangar da karfi. Hakan ya biyo bayan yajin aikin ne a cikin watan Nuwamba 1943 a fadin kasar da bangarorin biyu suka kira, wanda kuma ya sake haifar da muzaharar tarzoma a titunan da sojoji suka tarwatsa, [10] kuma ya jagoranci hukumomin Faransa na tilas wajen aiwatar da dokar haramta ayyukan Najjadah har zuwa lokacin. ƙarshen Yaƙin, haramcin da Falangists na Lebanon ya goyi baya kuma ya ƙarfafa shi.
Bayan 'yancin kai: 1943-1975[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Najjadah ta tsira a karkashin kasa duk da haka, kuma a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan ficewar Faransa shugaban nasu ya yi nasarar zaben mataimakin Beirut a majalisar dokokin Lebanon tsakanin 1956 zuwa 1972. A lokacin rikicin kasar Labanon a shekara ta 1958, jam'iyyar ta kafa wata runduna ta horar da mayaka 300 sanye da kayan khaki da sanye da kananan makamai na Italiya da Czechoslovakia wadanda suka yi yaki a bangaren dakarun adawa da gwamnati, amma ta ga tasirin siyasarta sosai. raguwa a cikin shekarun 1960 da farkon 1970s. A cewar wani rahoton leken asiri na sojan Lebanon, a shekarar 1975 mambobin jam'iyyar sun ragu zuwa 500 kawai 'yan ta'adda, kuma sun kafa mayaka marasa karfi na mayaka 100 kacal da Saudi Arabiya, Qatar, Kuwait da Masar ke marawa baya; [11] wasu kafofin duk da haka, har yanzu suna sanya lambobinsa har zuwa 300. [12] [13] [14]
Ragewa da Rasa: 1975-1990[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Fuskantar barkewar yakin basasa na Labanon a cikin Afrilu 1975, ƙananan sojojin jam'iyyar sun fara haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar Lebanon National Movement (LNM) - Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinu (PLO) har zuwa shigar da sojojin Siriya na Yuni 1976 . Jam'iyyar - wacce har yanzu ke karkashin jagorancin Adnan Al-Hakim - ta dauki matakin tsaka-tsaki, ba tare da adawa ba, ta hanyar ficewa daga fadan tare da rage ayyukanta na siyasa. Don haka, kin amincewa da shugabancin Najjadah na ci gaba da shiga cikin rikicin cikin gida da ake fama da shi, ya lalata tushen goyon bayan jama’a da ke da rauni, wanda ya sa da yawa daga cikin matasan ‘yan bindigar da suka rabu da su suka yi watsi da Jam’iyyar zuwa cikin mayakan LNM.
An mayar da Najjadah saniyar ware a shekarun yaki, bayan haka, Najjadah ta sake fitowa a matsayin karamar kungiya wadda ba ta da wani tushe na goyon bayan siyasa na hakika, karkashin jagorancin dan uwan Adnan Moustafa Al-Hakim .
Gallery[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
-
Adnan Al-Hakimtare da Jamal Abdel Nasser -
Adnan Hakim yabar gidan -
Babban Sakataren Jam'iyyar Najjadeh
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Jerin jam'iyyun siyasar Musulunci
- 1958 rikicin Lebanon
- Yakin basasar Lebanon
- Syrian Socialist Party a Lebanon
- Jam'iyyar Kataeb
- Rundunar Kataeb
- Jerin makaman yakin basasar Lebanon
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Zami, Lebanon's quest (2000), p. 226
- ↑ Thompson, Colonial citizens (2000), p. 193[dead link]
- ↑ Palestine affairs, Vols 1-4 (1946), p. 115
- ↑ Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon (1989), p. 80
- ↑ Longrigg, Syria and Lebanon under French mandate (1972), p. 359
- ↑ Nordbruch, Nazism in Syria and Lebanon (2009)
- ↑ Political handbook and atlas of the world (1970), p. 198
- ↑ Political handbook of the world (1977), p. 228
- ↑ Zamir, Lebanon's quest (2000), pp. 233-234
- ↑ Gordon, The Gemayels (1988), p. 25.
- ↑ El-Kazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon (2000), p. 303.
- ↑ McGowan, Roberts, Abu Khalil, and Scott Mason, Lebanon: a country study (1989), p. 242.
- ↑ Collelo, Lebanon: a country study (1989), p. 242.
- ↑ Makdisi and Sadaka, The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 (2003), p. 44, Table 1: War Period Militias.