Laayoune

Laayoune
	العيون (ar); El Aaiún (es)
	;
Wuri
	27°09′N 13°12′W / 27.15°N 13.2°W
Territory claimed by (en)	Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Province of Morocco (en)	Laâyoune Province (en)
Babban birnin	Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra (en) (2015–)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	217,732 (2014)
• Yawan mutane	10,368.19 mazaunan/km²
Home (en)	48,049 (2014)
Harshen gwamnati	Larabci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	8.1081 mi²
Altitude (en)	72 m
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1938
Tsarin Siyasa
• Mayor (en)	Moulay Hamdi Ould Errachid (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC±00:00 (en) (a daylight saving time (en) ); UTC+01:00 (a Southern Provinces (en) )

Laâyoune / / lɑː ˈj uːn / lah-YOON,^[1]^[2] kuma UK : / l aɪ ˈ -/ ly-,^[3] French: [la.ajun] ) ko El Aaiún ( /ˌ ɛ l aɪ ˈ ( j ) uːn / EL eye- (Y)OON,^[2]^[4]^[5] Spanish: [el (a) aˈʝun] ; Hassaniya Larabci : لعيون , romanized: Laʕyūn/Elʕyūn ; Berber languages ; Larabci: العيون‎, romanized: al-ʿUyūn/el-ʿUyūn ' The Springs ' ) birni ne mafi girma a yankin yammacin Sahara da ake takaddama a kai, yana da yawan jama'a 217,732 a shekara ta 2014. Birnin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Maroko. Ana zaton kyaftin ɗin Spain, Antonio de Oro ne ya kafa birnin na zamani a shekara ta 1938.^[6] A cikin 1940, Spain ta ayyana shi a matsayin babban birnin Saharar Spain .^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} lardin Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra ne wanda Morocco ke gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, MINURSO.

An raba birnin gida biyu daga kogin Saguia el-Hamra (river). A gefen kudu kuma akwai tsohon ƙaramin gari, wanda ƴan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka gina.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Tun daga wannan zamanin yana aiki har yanzu; (priests) suna hidima a wannan birni da Dakhla dake a yankin kudu.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Tarihi

Laâyoune ko El Aaiún su ne fassarar Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar Romanized Maghrebi Arabic, sunayen Larabci na birni: Layoun, wanda ke nufin "maɓuɓɓugan ruwa", dangane da tudun ruwa da ke samar da ruwan garin.^[7]

Garin dai ya kasance wurin da ake kira Zemla Intifada hakan ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 1970, wanda ya kai ga kisan kiyashin da, ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 2 zuwa 11.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Yanayi

Birnin Laayoune, na da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( Köppen climate classification BWh ), wanda Canary Current ya daidaita shi,^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara fiye da matakin 21 °C (70 °F).

Climate data for Laayoune (1981–2010 normals)
Watan	Janairu	Fabrairu	Maris	Afrilu	Mayu	Yuni	Yuli	Ogusta	Satumba	Oktoba	Nuwamba	Disamba	Shekara
Average high °C (°F)	22.2 (72.0)	22.7 (72.9)	24.5 (76.1)	23.9 (75.0)	25.6 (78.1)	27.4 (81.3)	29.5 (85.1)	30.4 (86.7)	30.0 (86.0)	28.6 (83.5)	26.0 (78.8)	23.2 (73.8)	26.2 (79.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	16.9 (62.4)	17.6 (63.7)	19.2 (66.6)	19.2 (66.6)	20.7 (69.3)	22.5 (72.5)	24.5 (76.1)	25.2 (77.4)	24.7 (76.5)	23.3 (73.9)	20.8 (69.4)	18.0 (64.4)	21.1 (70.0)
Average low °C (°F)	11.6 (52.9)	12.5 (54.5)	13.9 (57.0)	14.5 (58.1)	15.8 (60.4)	17.7 (63.9)	19.4 (66.9)	20.0 (68.0)	19.4 (66.9)	18.0 (64.4)	15.6 (60.1)	12.8 (55.0)	15.9 (60.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	11.1 (0.44)	11.1 (0.44)	5.4 (0.21)	1.1 (0.04)	0.5 (0.02)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.00)	0.5 (0.02)	1.5 (0.06)	3.0 (0.12)	9.8 (0.39)	13.3 (0.52)	57.4 (2.26)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	239.1	234.7	281.4	296.5	326.5	308.9	290.3	286.9	260.1	266.1	243.9	229.8	3,264.2
Source: NOAA^[8]

Canjin yanayi

A rahoton shekara ta 2019 wanda aka buga a jaridar PLOS One, an kiyasta cewa ƙarƙashin Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, yanayin "matsakaici" na canjin yanayi inda ɗumamar duniya ta kai ~ 2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) zuwa 2100, yanayin Laayoune a cikin 2050 zai fi kama da yanayin Alexandria na yanzu. Yanayi na shekara-shekara zai ƙaru da 1 °C (1.8 °F), da zafin rana mafi zafi a matakin1.8 °C (3.2 °F), yayin da zafin watan mafi sanyi zai ragu da 0.1 °C (0.18 °F).^[9]^[10] A ta bakin Climate Action Tracker, yanayin zafi na yanzu yana bayyana daidai da 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), wanda yayi daidai da RCP 4.5.^[11]

Alkaluma

Birnin Laayoune, na da yawan jama'a 217,732^[12] kuma shine birni mafi girma a Yammacin Sahara.

Year	Population
1982 (Kidaya)	93,875^[13]
1994 (Kidaya)	136,950^[13]
2004 (Kidaya)	183,691^[13]
2014 (Kidaya)	217,732^[13]

Tattalin arziki da matsayi

Birnin ya kasance cibiyar kamun kifi da kuma hako ma'adinan phosphate a yankin.^[14] A shekara ta 2010, ƙasar ta yi tattaunawa da sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi da Turai kan kamun kifi a teku.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Wasanni

Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta birnin ita ce Jeunesse Massira. Kulob ɗin yana taka leda a rukunin na biyu na Morocco, gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. Jeunesse Massira na amfani da filin wasa na Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf, domin atasayen ƴan wasa, gami da buga wasanni a ciki.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Sufuri

Filin jirgin saman Hassan I ne ke hidima ta zirga-zirga a birnin na Laayoune.

Ilimi

Makarantu a Laâyoune sun haɗa da makarantar Sipaniya ta duniya, Colegio Español La Paz, mallakar gwamnatin Spain.^[15]

Ofishin jakadanci

A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, 2019, Comoros ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Laayoune don tallafawa da'awar Moroccan ga Yammacin Sahara.^[16] A watan Janairu 2020, ƙasar Gabon ta buɗe ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin a Laayoune.^[17] Daga baya sai, São Tomé and Principe,^[18] Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya,^[19] Ivory Coast,^[20] Burundi,^[21] Eswatini,^[22] Zambia,^[23] Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa,^[24] da Bahrain,^[25] kuma sun buɗe ofisoshin jakadancin a Laayoune.

Hotuna

Masallacin Moulay Abd el Aziz
Tsohon Cathedral na Sipaniya na Saint Francis na Assisi, wanda ke hidima ga ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai
Avenue Makkah al-Mukarramah
Monumental baka kusa da filin jirgin sama
Hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa Laayoune
Tashar bas ta Laayoune.

Duba kuma

Jerin garuruwa a Yammacin Sahara

Manazarta

↑ Samfuri:Cite dictionary
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Samfuri:Cite Merriam-Webster
↑ "Laâyoune". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
↑ Samfuri:Cite dictionary^{[dead link]}
↑ "El Aaiún". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
↑ Francisco López Barrios (2005-01-23). "El Lawrence de Arabia Español" (in Sifaniyanci). El Mundo. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
↑ Adrian Room (1994). African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries. McFarland. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-89950-943-3.
↑ "WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
↑ Bastin, Jean-Francois; Clark, Emily; Elliott, Thomas; Hart, Simon; van den Hoogen, Johan; Hordijk, Iris; Ma, Haozhi; Majumder, Sabiha; Manoli, Gabriele; Maschler, Julia; Mo, Lidong; Routh, Devin; Yu, Kailiang; Zohner, Constantin M.; Thomas W., Crowther (10 July 2019). "Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues". PLOS ONE. 14 (7). S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1417592B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217592. PMC 6619606. PMID 31291249.
↑ "Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action". Current vs. future cities. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
↑ "The CAT Thermometer". Retrieved 8 January 2023.
↑ "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014" (in Larabci and Faransanci). High Commission for Planning, Morocco. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 "Western Sahara: Provinces & Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
↑ "Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'". The Economist. 4 November 2010.
↑ Santana, Txema (2015-04-10). "El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria". El País (in Sifaniyanci). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
↑ "First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara". Arab News. 18 December 2019.
↑ "Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune". Sahara News. 17 January 2020.
↑ "Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 23 January 2020.
↑ "Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 23 January 2020.
↑ "Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 18 February 2020.
↑ "Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 28 February 2020.
↑ "Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco". Morocco World News. 27 October 2020.
↑ "Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 27 October 2020.
↑ "UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 4 November 2020.
↑ "Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco". Morocco World News. 14 December 2020.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

[1] Samfuri:Cite dictionary

[MW-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Samfuri:Cite Merriam-Webster

[3] "Laâyoune". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 17 August 2019.

[4] Samfuri:Cite dictionary^{[dead link]}

[5] "El Aaiún". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 17 August 2019.

[6] Francisco López Barrios (2005-01-23). "El Lawrence de Arabia Español" (in Sifaniyanci). El Mundo. Retrieved 2013-02-11.

[Room1994-7] Adrian Room (1994). African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2000 Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Countries. McFarland. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-89950-943-3.

[8] "WMO_Normals_ASCII_60033". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 4, 2021.

[9] Bastin, Jean-Francois; Clark, Emily; Elliott, Thomas; Hart, Simon; van den Hoogen, Johan; Hordijk, Iris; Ma, Haozhi; Majumder, Sabiha; Manoli, Gabriele; Maschler, Julia; Mo, Lidong; Routh, Devin; Yu, Kailiang; Zohner, Constantin M.; Thomas W., Crowther (10 July 2019). "Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues". PLOS ONE. 14 (7). S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1417592B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217592. PMC 6619606. PMID 31291249.

[10] "Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action". Current vs. future cities. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.

[11] "The CAT Thermometer". Retrieved 8 January 2023.

[census2014-12] "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014" (in Larabci and Faransanci). High Commission for Planning, Morocco. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.

[census-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 "Western Sahara: Provinces & Urban Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 December 2020.

[economist-14] "Diplomacy over Western Sahara: 'Morocco v Algeria'". The Economist. 4 November 2010.

[15] Santana, Txema (2015-04-10). "El colegio español en El Aaiún pide ciclo de secundaria". El País (in Sifaniyanci). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-02-07.

[16] "First foreign diplomatic post opens in Western Sahara". Arab News. 18 December 2019.

[17] "Gabon Opens Consulate General in Laayoune". Sahara News. 17 January 2020.

[18] "Sao Tome and Principe Inaugurates Consulate General in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 23 January 2020.

[19] "Central African Republic Opens Consulate General in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 23 January 2020.

[20] "Cote d'Ivoire Opens General Consulate in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 18 February 2020.

[21] "Burundi Opens General Consulate in Laayoune". Morocco World News. 28 February 2020.

[22] "Eswatini Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco". Morocco World News. 27 October 2020.

[23] "Zambia Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 27 October 2020.

[24] "UAE Officially Opens Consulate General in Morocco's Laayoune". Morocco World News. 4 November 2020.

[25] "Bahrain Opens Consulate General in Laayoune, Southern Morocco". Morocco World News. 14 December 2020.

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