Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden An haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Maris, shekara ta alif 1957 ya rasu ranar 2 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2011. An kuma haife shi a kasar saudi Arebia. shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar tsagerun Islama ta Al-Qaeda.
Farkon Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Osama Bin Laden a birnin Riyadh na kasar Saudiyya a shekara ta 1957 ko kuma 1958. Shi ne na 17 a cikin 'ya'ya 52 na mahaifinsa Mohammed bin Laden dan asalin kasar Yamen wanda ya mallaki kamfanin gine-gine mafi girma a masarautar Saudiyya. Matashi Osama yana da gata, tarbiya mai daraja. 'Yan uwansa sun yi karatu a Yamma kuma suna aiki a kamfanin mahaifinsa (babban kamfani ne wanda ke siyar da kayan masarufi kamar motocin da abubuwan sha na a Gabas ta Tsakiya), amma Osama bin Laden ya kasance kusa da gida. Ya yi makaranta a Jiddah, ya yi aure yana matashi, kuma kamar sauran mazajen Saudiyya, ya shiga kungiyar ‘yan uwa Musulmi Muslim Brotherhood.[1]
Ra'ayin bin Laden, Musulunci ya wuce addini kawai: Ya hada da siyasa kuma tana rinjayar duk shawarar da ya yanke. Yayin da yake jami'a a karshen shekarun 1970, ya zama mabiyin malamin nan masu tsatsauran ra'ayin addinin Islama, Abdullah Azzam, wanda ya yi imani da cewa dukkan musulmi su tashi a jihadi, ko yaki mai tsarki, don samar da daular Musulunci guda daya. Wannan ra'ayi ya ja hankalin matashin bin Laden, wanda ya koka da abin da yake gani a matsayin tasirin da yammacin duniya ke da shi a rayuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin 1979, sojojin Soviet sun mamaye Afghanistan; Ba da jimawa ba, Azzam da bin Laden sun yi tafiya zuwa Peshawar, wani birni na Pakistan da ke kan iyaka da Afganistan, don shiga cikin gwagwarmaya. Ba su da kansu su zama mayaka ba, amma sun yi amfani da dimbin alakar da suke da su don samun tallafin kudi da yan tawayen Afghanistan. Sun kuma karfafa gwiwar samari da su fito daga ko'ina a Gabas ta Tsakiya don zama wani bangare na jihadin Afganistan. Kungiyarsu, da ake kira Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK) ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar sadarwar daukar ma'aikata ta duniya - tana da ofisoshi a wurare masu nisa kamar Brooklyn da Tucson, Arizona - kuma ta ba da sojoji, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Larabawan Afganistan," tare da horarwa da kayayyaki. Mafi mahimmanci, ya nuna wa bin Laden da abokansa cewa mai yiyuwa ne a yi amfani da Pan-Islam a aikace.[2]
Samauwar Al Qaeda[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 1988, bin Laden ya kirkiro wata sabuwar kungiya, mai suna al Qaeda wanda ziyi amfani daita kan ayyukan ta'addanci maimakon yakin neman zabe. Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta fice daga Afganistan a shekarar 1989, bin Laden ya koma Saudiyya don kara kaimi wajen tara kudade don wannan sabon aiki mai sarkakiya. Sai dai kuma, dangin masarautar Saudiyya masu goyon bayan kasashen Yamma sun ji tsoron cewa zazzafan kalaman da Bin Laden ke yi na iya haifar da rikici a cikin masarautar, don haka suka yi kokarin rufe shi kamar yadda za su iya. Sun kwace fasfo dinsa kuma suka yi watsi da tayin nasa na aika "Larabawan Afganistan" don suyi gadin kan iyaka bayan Iraki ta mamaye Kuwait a 1990.