Sinology

Sinology
	academic discipline (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	oriental studies (en) da East Asian studies (en)
Bangare na	oriental studies (en)
Is the study of (en)	Sinanci
Shafin yanar gizo	academia.edu… da merriam-webster.com…
Gudanarwan	sinologist (en)

Kimiyyar kasar Sin ko Nazarin Tarihin Sin (A turance: Sinology) ilimi ne da ke kula da abin da ya shafi kasar Sin ta hanyar nazarin yarenta da adabi da tarihinta, kuma galibi ana yin la'akari da nazarin kasashen yamma a wannan fanni. Watakila wannan kimiyya ta mayar da hankali kan gwada nasarorin da masana kimiyyar kasar Sin suka samu a cikin wayewarsu. ^[1]

A tarihi, ana kallon "Sinology" a matsayin kwatankwacin amfani da ilimin Harshe a kasar Sin, kuma har zuwa karni na 20 ana ganin yana nufin ilimin harshe ne (harshe da adabi). ^[2] Daga baya an fadada wannan kimiyya ta hanyar ƙara tarihin kasar Sin, rubuce-rubuce, da sauran batutuwa.

Sinology a Japan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A kasan Japan, ana kiran Sinology da kangaku (漢学) "Han karatu", sabanin Kokugaku ma'ana nazarin Japan, da Yōgaku ko Rangaku ma'ana nazarin Yamma ko Netherlands. An bambanta shi da Sinology na Yamma da na zamani.

Sinology a Kasashen Yamma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Farkon karni na sha bakwai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Turawan Yamma na farko da aka sani da sun yi nazarin Sinanci da yawa su ne ’yan kasar Portugal, Mutanen Espanya, da Italiya na ƙarni na goma sha shida—dukansu na Dominican Order ko Society of Jesus (Mabiya addinin kiristanci)—waɗanda suka nemi yaɗa Kiristanci na Katolika a tsakanin mutanen Sinawa. Ofishin Dominican na Mutanen Espanya na farko a Manila yana sarrafa injin buga littattafai, kuma tsakanin 1593 da 1607 ya samar da ayyuka huɗu kan bangaskiyar Katolika ga al'ummar baƙi na Sinawa, uku cikin Sinanci na gargajiya da ɗaya cikin cakuda Sinanci na gargajiya da na Hokkien.

Sinology tsakanin Larabawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

kafin karni na ashirin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Littafan tarihi na kasar Sin sun nuna cewa, Sinawa suna da masaniya sosai kan Larabawa shekaru da dama kafin Musulunci, kasancewar tarihin dangantakar da ke tsakanin al'ummomin biyu ya samo asali ne tun kafin Musulunci. Manufar daular Han (206 BC - 8 AD) na da nufin bude hanyoyin kasuwanci tare da yankunan yammacin kasar Sin, wadanda a halin yanzu aka sansu da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Indiya da Yammacin Asiya, har zuwa yankin Larabawa da Afirka.

karni na ashirin da abinda ya biyoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A karni na 20, ayyukan hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasar Sin da kasashen Larabawa sun kai ga samun bunkasuwar Sinology a kasashen Larabawa bayan da aka fadada fannin hadin gwiwa tsakanin Sin da Larabawa a fannin ilimi, inda aka samu bambanci bisa matakin hadin gwiwa. Tun bayan kulla huldar diflomasiyya tsakanin kasashen Sin da Masar a shekarar 1956 miladiyya, kasar Masar ta fara bude kofofin koyar da harshen Sinanci a jami'o'in kasar Masar. Jami'ar Ain Shams ta bude bangaren gwanancewa a harshen Sinanci a shekarar 1958. Duk da haka, ya tsaya saboda dalilai na siyasa a lokacin. A tsakanin shekarar 1958 zuwa 1963 miladiyya, an yaye daliban kasar Sin 33 daga kasar Masar. A shekara ta 1977 miladiyya, jami'ar Ain Shams ta koma ƙware a cikin harshen Sinanci. Baya ga Masar, akwai kuma ayyukan koyar da yaren Sinanci a Kuwait, amma sun tsaya bayan wani dan lokaci kadan.

Masanan Larabawa sun yi kokarin zurfafa zurfafa bincike kan ilimin Sinology don dalilai na ilimi, siyasa, al'adu da diflomasiyya don gina hanyar sadarwa tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da Sinawa. Sha'awarsu ga tarihin kasar Sin ma ta karu sosai. An buga litattafai da dama da suka shafi tarihin al'adun kasar Sin da jama'arta cikin harshen Larabci. A cikin 2020 AD, bayan ya shafe kusan shekaru shida a matsayin karamin jakadanci a Guangzhou, Dr. Ali bin Ghanem Al-Hajri, jami'in diflomasiyyar Qatar wanda ake yi wa kallon daya daga cikin Larabawa wanda ya mallaki manyan ayyukan ilimi na Larabawa da yawa a Sinology, ya buga littafin "Zheng He, Sarkin Tekun China." Littafin ya kunshi tarihi da abubuwan da suka faru na wani shugaban kasar Sin mai suna Zheng He, wanda ya yi tafiya tare da rundunarsa a duniyar da aka sani a lokacin a cikin tafiye-tafiye bakwai tsakanin shekara ta 1415 zuwa 1432 miladiyya. Kafin haka, ya rubuta wani labari mai suna "The Rundunar Rana", wanda ya samo asali daga labarin wani jagorar kasar Sin. Ana kallon littafin a matsayin littafin Riwaya (Novel) na farko cikin littafan Larabci mai dauke da Sinanci, kuma ya yi suna sosai a duniyar Larabawa da Sinawa, duk da cewa bai dade da fitowa ba, yayin da aka fassara shi zuwa harsuna sama da uku. a bisa wannan labari, an shirya wani fim na Documentary (Hanyar Rana) a birnin Guangzhou a shekarar 2021 miladiyya a karkashin jagorancin ofishin yada labarai na lardin da hadaddiyar gidan rediyo da talabijin da kuma karamin ofishin jakadancin kasar Qatar a Guangzhou. Fim din ya yi bayani ne kan tasirin sadarwa tsakanin kasar Sin da yankin Gulf na Larabawa a tarihi.

Jaridar Difaf Publications ta buga littafin "Sarkin Gabashin Chudi" na Dr. Ali bin Ghanem Al-Hajri, inda ya yi karin haske kan tarihin sarki Yongle da irin zaman lafiyar da kasar Sin ta samu a karkashin mulkinsa a bangaren al'adu, wanda kuma ya samu kulawa daga wannan sarki. Sannan ya ba da kulawa ta musamman ga bangaren hukumar gudanarwa da hada-hadar kudi, Sarkin ya yi kokarin sabunta wasu tsare-tsarensa da kafa sabbin dokoki, baya ga bangaren tattalin arziki, wanda ya samu ci gaba da habaka sosai sakamakon kwanciyar hankalin siyasa. Har ila yau, ya buga littafi mai suna "kasar Sin a idon matafiya", kuma littafi ne da ya yi bincike cikin tarihin tsohuwar kasar Sin ta hanyar bincike da matafiya da masu bincike suka yi. Wata cibiyar buga littattafai ta Sin ce ta buga fassarar littafin zuwa harshen Sinanci a shekarar 2020 miladiyya tare da gudummawar farfesa Wang Yue da Dr. Wang Fu na jami'ar nazarin kasa da kasa dake nan birnin Beijing. Har ila yau, Al-Hajri ya rubuta littafin "Al-adu a daular Ming", inda ya yi bayani kan ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki na daular Ming, da kuma ci gaban tarihi na al'adun kasar Sin. An fassara hudu daga cikin littattafansa zuwa Sinanci. Littafin Dokta Ali bin Ghanem Al-Hajri mai suna "Takardun Tattalin Arziki kan Hanyar Siliki" ya yi bayani ne kan shirin Belt and Road na kasar Sin, inda ya yi nazari kan wannan shiri ta mabanbantan ra'ayi, inda ya yi magana a cikin babi takwas kan ma'anar hanyar siliki, da tarihin tattalin arziki (Sin) a cikin karni na uku, da tattalin arzikin sufuri bisa ma'auni na shirin Sinawa, da matsayin kasashen duniya, musamman gabas ta tsakiya, kasashen Afirka, Amurka da Indiya zuwa ga wannan shiri.

An fassara littattafai da yawa daga Sinanci zuwa Larabci a matsayin wani ɓangare na waɗannan ƙoƙarin. Fiye da litattafai 700 na mutanen kasar Sin, da al'adu, da tattalin arzikinsu, da adabi da falsafa aka fassara zuwa harshen Larabci daga kamfanin House of Wisdom da ke Ningxia Hui, arewa maso yammacin kasar Sin tun bayan kafa shi a shekarar 2011.