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Yaren Rusyn

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Yaren Rusyn
Русиньскый язык — русиньскый язык‎
'Yan asalin magana
610,000
Rusyn alphabet (en) Fassara da Cyrillic script (en) Fassara
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 rue
Glottolog rusy1239[1]

Rusyn ( / ˈr uːsɪn / ; [ Carpathian Rusyn </link> ; Pannonian Rusyn </link> ) [2] harshen Slavic na Gabas ne wanda Rusyns ke magana a sassan Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, kuma an rubuta shi cikin rubutun Cyrillic . [3] A cikin al'umma, harshen kuma ana magana da shi ta tsohuwar kalmar jama'a, руснацькый язык </link> , [2] [4] ko kuma kawai ake magana a kai a matsayin magana hanyarmu ( Carpathian Rusyn </link> ). [3] Yawancin masu magana suna zaune a yankin da aka sani da Carpathian Ruthenia wanda ya taso daga Transcarpathia, zuwa yamma zuwa gabashin Slovakia da kudu maso gabashin Poland. [3] Hakanan akwai tsibiri mai girma na Pannonian Rusyn a cikin Vojvodina, Serbia, [3] da kuma ƴan ƙasashen waje na Rusyn a duk faɗin duniya. [5] [6] Bisa ga Yarjejeniya ta Turai don Harsunan Yanki ko Ƙananan Ƙananan, Rusyn an amince da shi a matsayin harshen tsirarun kariya ta Bosnia da Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Poland (a matsayin Lemko), Serbia, da Slovakia . [7]

A cikin yaren Ingilishi, kalmar Rusyn ta amince da ita a hukumance ta ISO . Wasu sunaye kuma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don yin nuni ga yare, galibi waɗanda aka samo daga exonyms kamar Ruthenian ko Ruthene ( UK : / r ʊ ˈθ iːn /, US : / r uː ˈ θ iːn / ), waɗanda ke da ƙarin ma'anoni na gabaɗaya, don haka (ta hanyar ƙara sifofin yanki) an ƙirƙiri wasu takamaiman nadi, kamar: Carpathian Ruthenian/Ruthene ko Carpatho-Ruthenian/Ruthene. [8]

Rarraba Rusyn a matsayin harshe ko yare shine tushen jayayya. [9] Czech, Slovak, da Hungarian, da Amurkawa da wasu masana harsuna na Poland da Serbia suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani harshe na musamman [10] [ bukatar sabuntawa ]</link></link> (tare da lambar ta ISO 639-3 ), yayin da sauran malamai (a cikin Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, da Romania) suna ɗaukar shi azaman yare na Ukrainian . [11] [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]</link></link>

 

Rarraba harshen Rusyn a tarihi ya kasance duka biyun a cikin yare da kuma siyasa. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da tambayoyi da yawa tsakanin masana ilimin harshe, game da rabe-raben yarukan Slavic na Gabas da ake magana a yankunan arewa maso gabas (Carpathian) na Masarautar Hungary, da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Masarautar Galicia da Lodomeria . Daga waɗancan tambayoyin, manyan ka'idoji guda uku ne suka fito: [5]

  • Wasu masana harsuna sun yi iƙirarin cewa yarukan Slavic na Gabas na yankin Carpathian ya kamata a rarraba su a matsayin takamaiman nau'in yaren Rasha .
  • Wasu masanan harshe sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan ya kamata a lasafta su azaman nau'in yaren yamma na musamman na Ukrainian .
  • Ƙungiya ta uku ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan yarukan sun ƙayyadad da su don a gane su a matsayin yaren Slavic na Gabas.

Duk da wadannan rigingimun na harshe, kalmomin hukuma da Masarautar Austro-Hungary ta yi amfani da su da ke mulkin yankin Carpathian sun kasance ba su canza ba. Ga hukumomin jihar Austro-Hungary, gaba dayan kungiyar harshen Slavic ta Gabas da ke cikin iyakokin Masarautar an rarraba su da harshen Ruthenian ( German </link> , Hungarian </link> ), kalmar archaic da exonymic wanda ya kasance ana amfani dashi har zuwa 1918. [12]

Rarraba yanki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dangane da rabe-raben yanki, harshen Rusyn yana wakilta ta takamaiman gungu guda biyu: na farko ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Carpathian Rusyn ko Carpatho-Rusyn, kuma na biyu yana wakiltar Pannonian Rusyn . [5]

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Rusyn". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Plishkova 2009.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Pugh 2009.
  4. Magocsi 2015.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Magocsi & Pop 2005.
  6. Kushko 2007.
  7. Council of Europe 2021.
  8. Renoff & Reynolds 1975.
  9. Moser 2016.
  10. Bernard Comrie, "Slavic Languages," International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992, Oxford, Vol 3), pp. 452–456.
  11. George Y. Shevelov, "Ukrainian," The Slavonic Languages, ed.
  12. Moser 2018.