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Bosnia da Herzegovina
Bosna i Hercegovina (sh)
Bosna i Hercegovina (bs)
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en)
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Fassara Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Fassara

Take National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Fassara (2001)
Kirari «The heart shaped land»
«Gwlad siâp calon»
Wuri
Map
 44°N 18°E / 44°N 18°E / 44; 18
Babban birni Sarajevo
Yawan mutane
Faɗi 3,816,459 (2022)
• Yawan mutane 74.54 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati Bosnian (en) Fassara
Croatian (en) Fassara
Serbian (en) Fassara
no value
Addini Musulunci, Yahudanci, Eastern Orthodoxy (en) Fassara da Katolika
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili 51,197 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku Adriatic Sea (en) Fassara da Bahar Rum
Wuri mafi tsayi Maglić (en) Fassara (2,386 m)
Wuri mafi ƙasa Adriatic Sea (en) Fassara (0 m)
Sun raba iyaka da
Montenegro
Kroatiya
Serbiya
Tarayyar Turai
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (en) Fassara (1992-2003)
Serbia and Montenegro (en) Fassara (2003-2006)
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Fassara da Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija (mul) Fassara
Ƙirƙira 1 ga Maris, 1992
Ranakun huta
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati Jamhuriyar Tarayya, jamhuriya da constitutional republic (en) Fassara
Majalisar zartarwa Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Fassara
Gangar majalisa Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) Fassara
• Shugabanci na Bosnia da Hazigobina Željko Komšić (7 Oktoba 2018)
• Shugaban Rukunin Ministoci na Bosnia da Hazigovina Borjana Krišto (mul) Fassara (2023)
Ikonomi
Nominal GDP (en) Fassara 27,514,782,476 (2023)
Kuɗi convertible mark (en) Fassara
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci
Central European Time (en) Fassara
UTC+01:00
UTC+02:00 (mul) Fassara
Europe/Sarajevo (mul) Fassara
Suna ta yanar gizo .ba (mul) Fassara
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho +387
Lambar taimakon gaggawa *#06#, 122 (mul) Fassara, 123 (en) Fassara da 124 (en) Fassara
Lambar ƙasa BA
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo fbihvlada.gov.ba
bosnia y herzegovina, trebinje
bosnia herzegovina

Bosnia da Herzegovina (bs. hr. Bosna i Hercegovina, sr. Босна и Херцеговина), wani lokacin ake kira Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH, B&H), da kuma, a takaice, sau da yawa da aka sani informally matsayin Bosnia, an a ƙasar a kudu maso Turai located a kan da Balkan Larabawa.

Sarajevo ne babban birnin kasar da kuma mafi girma a birnin. Kẽwayesu da Kroatiya zuwa arewa, yamma, da kudu. Serbiya to gabas. Montenegro zuwa kudu maso gabashin. da Adriatic Sea zuwa kudu, tare da bakinta game da 20 km dogon kewaye birnin da Neum. A cikin tsakiyar da kuma gabashin ciki na kasar labarin kasa ne mountainous, a arewa maso yamma shi ne moderately m, da kuma arewa maso gabashin ne yawanci flatland. The m ne a geographically ya fi girma yankin, kuma yana da wata matsakaici nahiyar sauyin yanayi, tare da zafi lokacin bazaar, kuma sanyi da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara winters. A kudancin tip na kasar yana da wani Rum sauyin yanay kuma a fili topography.

Bosnia da Herzegovina ne a yankin da cewa ya bi sawun m adam mazauna baya ga Bosna [Neolithic]] shekaru, a lokacin da kuma bayan abin da aka lugar da dama Illyria n da Celt wayewar. Al'adar, siyasa, da kuma harkar more rayuwa, kasar na da arziki tarihi, da ciwon aka farko zaunar da Slavic al'ummai cewa populate yankin a yau daga cikin 6th ta hanyar zuwa 9th ƙarni. A 12th karni Banate na Bosnia aka kafa, wanda ya samo asali a cikin Mulkin Bosnia a cikin 14th karni, bayan abin da aka annexed a cikin Ottoman Empire, a karkashin wanda mulkin shi zai kasance daga tsakiyar 15th ga marigayi 19th ƙarni

Bosnia da Herzegovina

Ottoman ya kawo Islam zuwa yankin, da kuma canza yawa na al'adu da kuma zamantakewa na gaba na kasar. Wannan kuma ya biyo ta annexation cikin Austro-Hungarian daular mulkinsu, wanda dade har sai yakin duniya na. A interwar lokaci, Bosnia na daga cikin Mulkin asar Yugoslavia da kuma bayan yakin duniya na II, kasar da aka sanya cikakken jamhuriyar matsayi a cikin sabuwar kafa [[Socialist tarayyar {asar Yugoslavia]]. Bayan da aka rushe asar Yugoslavia, kasar breakup na asar Yugoslavia (Independence na Jamhuriyar Macedonia da kuma Bosnia da Herzegovina) a shekarar 1992, wanda aka bishi da Bosnian basasa, zaunanniya har Dayton Yarjejeniyar, shekarar 1995.

Yau, kasar na kula da high rubuce-rubuce, rayuwa da kuma ilimi matakan da ke daya daga cikin mafi akai-akai ziyarci kasashen dake yankin,[1] projected to have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020.[2] Bosnia da Herzegovina ne yanki da kuma duniya mashahuri domin ta na halitta kyakkyawa da kuma al'adun gada daga shida tarihi wayewar, ta Abinci, hunturu wasanni, ta eclectic da kuma musamman music, gine kuma ta bukukuwa, wasu daga wanda su ne mafi girma da kuma mafi shahararren da irin a kudu maso Turai.[3][4]

Bosnia da Herzegovina, Trebinje

A kasar ne gida uku main kabilun ko, a hukumance, bijiro da batun kafa al'ummai, kamar yadda a kayyade a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Bosniaks su ne mafi girma kungiyar na uku, tare da Serbs na biyu da kuma Croats na uku. A 'yan qasar na Bosnia da Herzegovina, ko da kabilanci, da aka gano a cikin harshen Turanci a matsayin Bosnian. The sharuddan Herzegovinian da kuma Bosnian an kiyaye matsayin yankin maimakon kabilanci fifiko, da kuma yankin na Herzegovina ya ba daidai tsare iyakoki da kansa. Haka kuma, kasar da aka kawai ake kira "Bosnia" har da Austro-Hungarian zama a karshen karni na 19.[5]


5,000

Tarihi

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Manyan Labarai: Tarihin Bosnia da Herzegovina da Tarihin Farkon Bosnia da Herzegovina

Kayan bauta na zamanin ƙarfe daga Banjani, kusa da Sokolac Tarihi na farko Bosnia ta kasance tana zaune tun aƙalla zamanin Paleolithic. Abin lura shi ne, Kogon Badanj kusa da Stolac yana ɗauke da ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin zane-zanen kogo da aka sani, wanda ke nuna wani mutum dabba da ake kyautata zaton doki ne, tun daga kimanin 13,000 zuwa 12,000 BC.[6] [7] lokacin Neolithic, manyan al'adu kamar Butmir da Kakanj[8] sun fito a gefen Kogin Bosna. Al'adar Butmir, wacce ta bunƙasa a kusa da 5100 zuwa 4500 BC, ta shahara saboda tukwane na musamman da siffofi na ɗan adam. Hakowa kusa da Sarajevo sun gano tukwane masu ban sha'awa da siffofi na ɗan adam na gaske daga wannan al'ada.[9]

Daga ƙarni na 8 BC, ƙabilun Illyrian sun rikide zuwa masarautu. Masarautun da daular Illyria mafi shahara sune na Bardylis na Dardani da na Agron na Ardiaei waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri masarautar Illyrian ta ƙarshe kuma mafi shahara. Agron ya yi mulkin Ardiaei kuma ya faɗaɗa mulkinsa ga sauran kabilu. Tun daga ƙarni na 7 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, an maye gurbin tagulla da ƙarfe, bayan haka kayan ado da kayan fasaha kawai aka yi su da tagulla.[10] Al'adar Karfe ta Glasinac-Mati tana da alaƙa da ƙabilar Autariatae.[11] Muhimmin rawa a rayuwarsu ita ce bautar matattu, wanda ake gani a cikin jana'izarsu da bukukuwan binne su da kyau, da kuma wadatar wuraren binne su.[12] A ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, an rubuta farkon mamaye Celts. Sun kawo dabarar ƙafafun tukwane, sabbin nau'ikan fibulas (ƙananan maƙulli masu kama da fil na aminci) da bel ɗin tagulla da na ƙarfe daban-daban. Sun ratsa ta hanyar zuwa Girka. [ana buƙatar ambato] [13] Mogorjelo, wani tsohon Villa Rustica na yankin Romawa daga ƙarni na 4, kusa da Čapljina A cikin Neretva Delta a kudu, akwai muhimman tasirin Hellenistic na ƙabilar Illyrian Daors.[14]Daorson, a ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, an kewaye shi da ganuwar dutse mai tsayi mita 5 (babba kamar na Mycenae a Girka), waɗanda aka yi da manyan tubalan dutse na trapezoid. Daors sun yi tsabar kuɗi da sassaka na tagulla na musamman.

Rikici tsakanin Illyrians da Romawa ya fara ne a shekara ta 229 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), amma Roma ba ta kammala haɗa yankin ba har sai bayan shekara ta 9 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). A zamanin yau ne a Bosnia da Herzegovina ne Roma ta yi ɗaya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe mafi wahala a tarihinta tun bayan Yaƙin Punic, kamar yadda masanin tarihi na Romawa Suetonius ya bayyana.[34] Wannan shine yaƙin Romawa da Illyricum, wanda aka sani da Bellum Batonianum.[15] page needed] A zamanin Romawa, mazaunan Latin daga dukkan Daular Romawa sun zauna a tsakanin Illyrians, kuma an ƙarfafa sojojin Romawa su yi ritaya a yankin.[16]

Bayan rabuwar Daular tsakanin shekara ta 337 da 395 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), Dalmatia da Pannonia sun zama sassan Daular Roma ta Yamma. Ostrogoths sun mamaye yankin a shekara ta 455 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Daga baya ya canza hannu tsakanin Alans da Huns. A ƙarni na 6, Sarki Justinian na ɗaya ya sake kwace yankin ga Daular Byzantine. Slavs sun mamaye Balkans a ƙarni na 6 da 7. Slavs na Kudu sun karɓi halayen al'adun Illyrian, kamar yadda aka nuna a wasu al'adu da al'adu, da sunayen wurare.[17] Illyrian Bosnia and Herzegovina-an overview of a cultural legacy Tsakiya Babban labarin: Bosnia da Herzegovina a Zamanin Tsakiya

Katin Hval, wanda aka zana rubutun Slavic daga Bosnia ta Tsakiya

Dutsen Ledger ga Sarauniya Catherine ta Bosnia, sarauniya ta ƙarshe ta Gidan Kosača. Tsarin Slavs na Farko sun kai hari kan Yammacin Balkans, ciki har da Bosnia, a ƙarni na 6 da farkon 7 (a tsakiyar Lokacin Hijira), kuma sun ƙunshi ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da aka ɗauko daga ƙungiyar Slavic guda ɗaya da Byzantines suka sani a matsayin Sclaveni (yayin da Antes masu alaƙa, a zahiri, suka mamaye yankunan gabashin Balkans).[18] An bayyana ƙabilun da aka rubuta ta hanyar ƙabilun "Serb" da "Croat" a matsayin ƙaura ta biyu, daga baya, ta mutane daban-daban a lokacin kwata na biyu na ƙarni na 7 waɗanda ba za su iya zama da yawa ba;[19] [20] waɗannan ƙabilun "Serb" da "Croat" na farko, waɗanda ainihin asalinsu ke ƙarƙashin muhawara ta ilimi,[sun mamaye Slavs a yankunan da ke makwabtaka da su. A cewar Noel Malcolm, ƙabilun Croat "sun zauna a wani yanki da ya yi daidai da Croatia ta zamani, kuma wataƙila sun haɗa da yawancin Bosnia, ban da gabashin kwarin Drina" yayin da ƙabilun Serbs suka zauna a wani yanki "wanda ya yi daidai da Serbia ta kudu maso yammacin zamani (wanda daga baya aka sani da Raška), kuma a hankali


manazarta

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Hotuna

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Nassoshi

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  1. ↑ "Lonely Planet's Bosnia and Herzegovina Tourism Profile". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  2. ↑ Bosnia's newfound tourism;webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224155630/http://features.us.reuters.com/destinations/news/L20239376.html |date=24 December 2007 }}, Reuters.
  3. ↑ "About the Sarajevo Film Festival". Sarajevo Film Festival Official Website. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
  4. ↑ "Inside Film's Guide to Film Festivals in". Inside Film. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  5. ↑ "The Language Situation in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina". Toronto Slavic Quarterly. Archived from the original on 3 July 2012. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ↑ Shpuza 2022, p. 553; Zindel et al. 2018, p. 346; Bejko et al. 2015, p. 4; Hammond & Wilkes 2012, p. 726; Dausse 2015, p. 28
  7. ↑ Palaeolithic site of Badanj". hwr.ba. Retrieved 5 April 2025.
  8. ↑ Cave art at Badanj". www.centarzakrs.ba. Retrieved 5 April 2025
  9. ↑ ]Butmir near Sarajevo". Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine. Archived from the original on 23 April 2025. Retrieved 5 April 2025
  10. ↑ Gekić, Haris; Bidžan-Gekić, Aida; Drešković, Nusret; Mirić, Ranko; Reményi, Péter (2022). The Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between East and West. Springer Nature. pp. 138–139. ISBN 9783030985233. Archived from the original on 15 July 2025. Retrieved 7 May 2025.</re> Kabilun Illyrian, ƙarƙashin tasirin al'adun Hallstatt a arewa, sun kafa cibiyoyin yanki waɗanda suka ɗan bambanta. Sassan Tsakiyar Bosnia suna zaune ne da ƙabilar Daesitiates.<ref>Gekić, Haris; Bidžan-Gekić, Aida; Drešković, Nusret; Mirić, Ranko; Reményi, Péter (2022). The Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between East and West. Springer Nature. pp. 138–139. ISBN 9783030985233. Archived from the original on 15 July 2025. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  11. ↑ Gekić, Haris; Bidžan-Gekić, Aida; Drešković, Nusret; Mirić, Ranko; Reményi, Péter (2022). The Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between East and West. Springer Nature. pp. 138–139. ISBN 9783030985233. Archived from the original on 15 July 2025. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  12. ↑ Gekić, Haris; Bidžan-Gekić, Aida; Drešković, Nusret; Mirić, Ranko; Reményi, Péter (2022). The Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between East and West. Springer Nature. pp. 138–139. ISBN 9783030985233. Archived from the original on 15 July 2025. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
  13. ↑ Tomašević, Nebojša (1983). Treasures of Yugoslavia: An Encyclopedic Touring Guide. Yugoslaviapublic. pp. 306–307.
  14. ↑ Babban birninsu shine Daorson a Ošanići kusa da Stolac.<ref>Aličić, Ahmed S. (1981). Herzegovina. NIRO "Privredni vjesnik". p. 194.
  15. ↑ Miller, Norma. Tacitus: Annals I, 2002, ISBN 1-85399-358-1. It had originally been joined to Illyricum, but after the great Illyrian/Pannonian revolt of AD 6 it was made a separate province with its own governor<ref> rikicin ya taso ne bayan yunƙurin ɗaukar Illyrians, kuma an yi tawaye na tsawon shekaru huɗu (6-9 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa), bayan haka aka ci su da yaƙi.[<ref>Stipčević, Aleksandar (1977). The Illyrians: History and Culture. Noyes Press. ISBN 9780815550525.
  16. ↑ Malcolm 2002
  17. ↑ Illyrian Bosnia and Herzegovina-an overview of a cultural legacy
  18. ↑ Hupchick, Dennis P. The Balkans from Constantinople to Communism, pp. 28–30. Palgrave Macmillan (2004
  19. ↑ Hupchick, Dennis P. The Balkans from Constantinople to Communism, pp. 28–30. Palgrave Macmillan (2004
  20. ↑ Fine 1991, p. 53, 56
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