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'Yancin Dan Adam a Kenya

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'Yancin Dan Adam a Kenya
human rights by country or territory (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Bangare na Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Afrika
Ƙasa Kenya
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 0°06′N 38°00′E / 0.1°N 38°E / 0.1; 38

Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Kenya na duniya suna da ra'ayoyi iri-iri; musamman, an bayyana yancin siyasa kamar yadda talauci yake kuma liwadi ya kasance laifi. A cikin ma'aunin 'Yanci a Duniya na shekarar 2017, Kenya tana da ƙimar '4' don 'yancin ɗan adam da 'yancin siyasa, inda ake aiwatar da ma'aunin "1" (mafi kyauta) zuwa "7" (ƙananan kyauta). [1]

Tarihi

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Kenyatta (1964 - 1978)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A lokacin mulkin shugaban kasar Kenya na farko bayan samun ‘yancin kai, karkashin shugaba Jomo Kenyatta, jami’an tsaron kasar sun addabi ‘yan adawa, kuma ana zarginsu da hannu a kisan wasu fitattun mutane da ake ganin barazana ce ga gwamnatinsa, ciki har da Pio Gama Pinto, Tom Mboya da JM Kariuki . Dan majalisa kuma Lauya CMG Argwings-Kodhek da tsohon Shugaban Kadu kuma minista Ronald Ngala suma sun mutu, a cikin wasu hadurran mota da ake zargi.

Moi (1978-2002)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gwamnatin Daniel arap Moi ta ci gaba da samun sukar kasa da kasa kan tarihinta kan haƙƙin ɗan adam. [2] A karkashin Moi, jami'an tsaro a kai a kai na yiwa jagororin 'yan adawa da masu fafutukar kare dimokuradiyya kame ba bisa ka'ida ba, da tsare su ba tare da shari'a ba, da cin zarafi a gidan yari, da kuma mugun karfi.

Masu ba da agaji na kasa da kasa da gwamnatoci irin su Amurka, Jamus, Birtaniya, da Norway lokaci-lokaci sun yanke huldar diflomasiyya tare da dakatar da rabon agaji, har sai an inganta haƙƙin ɗan Adam. [3]

Kibaki (tun 2002)

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Tun daga shekara ta 2002, a karkashin shugabancin Mwai Kibaki, tauye hakkin bil'adama da ke da alaƙa da siyasa ya ragu, amma ana ci gaba da samun wasu munanan take haƙƙin bil'adama, da yawa a hannun jami'an tsaro, musamman 'yan sanda. [3] Ana kallon rundunar ‘yan sandan a matsayin hukumar da ta fi kowace kasa cin hanci da rashawa, inda ake ba da cin hanci da rashawa, da hada baki wajen aikata laifuka, da kuma amfani da karfin tuwo a kan waɗanda ake zargi da aikata laifuka da kuma jama’a. [3] Yawancin 'yan sandan da ke aikata cin zarafi har yanzu suna yin hakan ba tare da hukunta su ba . [3] Yanayin gidan yari na ci gaba da yin barazana ga rayuwa. [3]

Baya ga cin zarafin 'yan sanda da tsarin hukunta laifuka, tauye hakki a yayin gudanar da shari'a na yaduwa, duk kuwa da matsin lambar da ake yi wa jami'an shari'a a baya-bayan nan. [3] Ana ci gaba da fuskantar ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da ‘yan jarida ta hanyar cin zarafin ‘yan jarida da masu fafutuka daban-daban.  . [3] Cin zarafi da wariya ga mata sun yi yawa. [3] Cin zarafin yara, ciki har da aikin tilastawa da karuwanci, babbar matsala ce. [3] Kaciyar mata (FGM) ya ci gaba da yaɗuwa, duk da dokar 2001 da ta yi adawa da ita ga 'yan mata masu ƙasa da shekara 16. [3] Cin zarafin mata da 'yan mata, ciki har da auren wuri da gadon mata, wani abu ne da ke haifar da yaɗuwar kwayar cutar ta rigakafi ( HIV / AIDS ). [3]

Kenya ta sami ɗan ci gaba a cikin 2003, lokacin da ta kafa wata cibiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta ƙasa, Hukumar Kula da Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Kenya (KNCHR), tare da wajabcin tabbatar da Kenya ta bi ƙa'idodin 'yancin ɗan adam na duniya. [3] Har ila yau, majalisar ta zartar da dokar kula da yara don tabbatar da kare yara kanana, da kuma dokar naƙasa, wanda ya haramta wa nakasassu wariya. [3]

A watan Nuwamban shekarata 2005 gwamnatin Kenya ta haramta taron jam'iyyun adawa, inda ta yi watsi da kiraye-kirayen sake yin zabe. Mataimakin shugaban kasa Moody Awori ya bayyana cewa:

Gwamnati na kallon waɗannan kiraye-kirayen na gudanar da gangami a fadin kasar a matsayin wanda bai dace ba kuma barazana ce ga tsaron kasa...
Don haka, gwamnati ba za ta bari a yi gangamin da ake shirin yi ba, ana kuma gargadin ‘yan ƙasar da kada su halarci tarukan.

A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2007, kwanaki biyu bayan shugaba Mwai Kibaki ya bayyana cewa mambobin Mungiki "kada su yi tsammanin jin kai", an kama 'yan Mungiki kusan 300 kuma an kashe akalla 20. John Michuki, a lokacin Ministan Tsaron Cikin Gida, bayan kashe-kashen da aka yi a lokacin, ya fito fili ya bayyana cewa, "Za mu tarwatsa su, mu gama da su. Hatta waɗanda aka kama a kan kashe-kashen na baya-bayan nan, ba zan iya fada muku inda suke a yau ba. Abin da za ku ji shi ne. haka kuma gobe za a yi jana'iza". [4] A cikin Kukan Jini na KNCHR - Rahoton Kashe-Kashe da Bacewar Shari'a da aka buga a watan Satumba na 2008, [5] KNCHR ta ba da rahoton waɗannan a cikin mahimmin bincikensu na "e)", yana mai cewa bacewar tilas da kisan gilla da aka yi a matsayin manufar hukuma ce. [6]

A cikin rahoton The Cry of Blood, mabuɗin farko da KNCHR ta gano "a)" ita ce "shaidar da KNCHR ta tattara ta kafa tsarin ɗabi'a na 'yan sandan Kenya wanda zai iya zama laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama . [6]

A ranar 5 ga Maris na shekara ta 2009, an kashe biyu daga cikin masu binciken kare hakkin bil'adama da ke cikin binciken da aka rubuta a cikin rahoton, Oscar Kamau Kingara da John Paul Oulu . [7] Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne suka danganta kisan nasu da jami’an tsaro. [8]

A shekara ta 2009 da 2010, mutanen Samburu sun fuskanci mummunar take hakkin dan Adam. [9]

Halin tarihi

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Jadawalin da ke gaba yana nuna ƙimar Kenya tun 1972 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara.

Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya

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Matsayin Kenya kan yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa sune kamar haka:

Karkashin mulkin Birtaniya

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Irin ’yan jarida, da kafofin watsa labarai gabaɗaya, ’yan mishan na Ingila ne suka shuka su a Kenya. Babban aikin wallafe-wallafen, irin su Taveta Chronicle, Jagora, da Uganda Mail shi ne yada labaran Burtaniya da kuma haifar da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mishan na Ingilishi. Waɗannan ayyukan sun ci gaba tare da ƙaddamar da rediyo a cikin 1928. Koyaya, haƙƙin jarida ga ƴan ƙasar Kenya na da iyaka sosai. An yi amfani da duk wata dama da 'yan asalin Kenya suka samu na shiga aikin jarida don yin roƙon 'yancinsu daga mulkin mallaka.

Bayan 'yancin kai

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'Yancin jarida guda ɗaya ga 'yan ƙasar Kenya har yanzu ba su da iyaka bayan sun sami 'yancin kai. Sabuwar gwamnatin Kenya ta karbe iko da galibin kafafen yada labarai domin yada manufofinsu na akidar Kenya. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin jaridu masu zaman kansu, irin su Standard [10] sun fito, kodayake waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu har yanzu suna ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati da tantancewa. [11]

Tsarin Mulki na 2010

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Sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki na gwamnatin Kenya a karon farko ya lissafta wasu haƙƙoƙin mutum na faɗa da bayanai. [12] Koyaya, akwai rashin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ga 'yan ƙasar Kenya. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi fice daga cikin haƙƙoƙin da aka lissafa akwai 'yancin bayyana farfagandar yaƙi ko tada hankali. [12] Haka kuma, gwamnatin Kenya har yanzu tana da iko kan yaduwar ra'ayoyin da ba su dace ba a lokacin yakin. [13] A fagen yada labarai musamman, Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya haramtawa gwamnati tsoma baki wajen yada labarai na gaskiya ko kuma hakkin wani mutum na samun wadannan bayanai. Duk da haka gwamnati tana tsara ƙa'idodin abubuwan da ke cikin kafofin watsa labarai kuma tana tsara aiwatar da waɗannan ƙa'idodin. [12]

Hakkin 'yan jarida na yau

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Sai dai gwamnatin Kenya ba ta yi niyyar yin aiki tuƙuru ga waɗannan sabbin wa'adin tsarin mulkin ba. A baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2013, masu tsara manufofin Kenya sun yi kwaskwarima ga dokokin da suka gabata don takaita wasu kafafen yada labarai na hare-haren ta'addanci da kuma yunkurin dakile rahotannin tabarbarewar tsaro a Kenya. Gyaran dokar Watsa Labarai da Sadarwa ta Kenya yana aiki don dakile ƙoƙarin wallafe-wallafen da ke ba da ra'ayi mai mahimmanci na gwamnatin Kenya. [14] Ko da yake an yi wasu yunƙuri na gwamnati na inganta ƴan jaridu na ƴan ƙasar Kenya, kamar dokar Majalisar Watsa Labarai ta 2013 wadda ta samar da wata hukuma ta gwamnati da za ta inganta da kuma kare ƴancin kafafen yaɗa labarai, [15] aiwatar da dokar ya yi ƙari. illa fiye da kyau wajen inganta 'yancin aikin jarida. [14] A cewar wani bincike mai zaman kansa da Freedom House ta gudanar, ana la'akari da hakkin 'yan jarida na Kenya a matsayin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci. [16] Ana ɗaukar 'yan jarida a matsayin ''ɓangare' 'yanci' kawai saboda ƙoƙarin gwamnati na kafa dokoki waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin iko akan kafofin watsa labarai da wallafe-wallafe. [14] Haka kuma, dokokin da suka gabata, kamar dokar kiyaye zaman lafiyar jama’a, wadda ta bai wa gwamnati ‘yancin ayyana duk wani bayani a matsayin barazana ta tsaro da tace bayanan, [17] har yanzu suna kan aiki kuma har yanzu ba a soke ko gyara ba.

Duba kuma

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  • Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Kenya
  • Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Kenya
  • Cibiyar Bunkasa Hakkokin tsirarun 'yan tsiraru (Cemiride), wata ƙungiya ce mai ba da shawarwari ta NGO wacce ke aiki a madadin ƴan tsiraru da ƴan asalin ƙasar Kenya da Gabashin Afirka.
  • Binciken Intanet da sa ido a Kenya
  • Hakkokin LGBT a Kenya
  • Shirin Prizm, shirin koyar da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga mata matasa a Kenya da Afirka ta Kudu.

Bayanan kula

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1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Freedom in the World 2017" (PDF). Freedom House. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  2. ↑ name=":0">"Country Profile: Kenya" (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. June 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 "Country Profile: Kenya" (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. June 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain."Country Profile: Kenya" (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. June 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  4. ↑ Untranslated original: Tutawanyorosha na tutawamaliza. Hata wenye wameshikwa kwa kuhusiana na mauaji ya hivi majuzi, siwezi nikakwambia wako wapi leo. Nyinyi tu mtakuwa mkisikia mazishi ya fulani ni ya kesho. See Cry of Blood reference.
  5. ↑ name="Cry of Blood">"'The Cry of Blood' – Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances" (PDF). Kenya National Commission on Human Rights/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center. 2008-09-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "'The Cry of Blood' – Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances" (PDF). Kenya National Commission on Human Rights/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center. 2008-09-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-29."'The Cry of Blood' – Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances" (PDF). Kenya National Commission on Human Rights/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center. 25 September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  7. ↑ WikiLeaks (2009-06-02). "WikiLeaks wins Amnesty International 2009 Media Award". WikiLeaks. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
  8. ↑ "Wikileaks writers killed in Kenya". Hawai`i Free Press/WikiLeaks. 2009-03-09. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
  9. ↑ Palmer, Paula; Chris Allan (20 April 2010). "Cultural Survival Releases Report on Human Rights Violations by Police in Samburu East and Isiolo Districts, Kenya" (PDF). Cultural Survival. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  10. ↑ "The Standard".
  11. ↑ Omolo Ochilo, Polycarp (1993). "Press Freedom and the Role of Media in Kenya". Africa Media Review. 7 (3).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Constitution of Kenya" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  13. ↑ "Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Act, 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Kenya parliament passes draconian media laws". Committee to Protect Journalists. 5 December 2013.
  15. ↑ "Kenya Media Council Bill, 2013" (PDF).
  16. ↑ "Kenya". Freedom House. 22 April 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  17. ↑ "Preservation of Public Safety". Kenya Law. Archived from the original on 2020-03-23. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
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