Adabin Yarabawa
 Adabin Yarabawa | |
|---|---|
sub-set of literature (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Adabin Afirka |
Adabin Yarabawa shine adabin magana da rubuce-rubuce na mutanen Yarbawa, daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin kabilu a Najeriya da sauran kasashen Afirka. Ana magana da yaren Yarbanci a Najeriya, Benin, da Togo, da kuma a cikin al'ummomin Yarbawa da ke warwatse a duniya.
Rubutu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarbawa ba su da wani rubutu gama gari kafin karni na sha tara. Yawancin gudunmawar farko ga rubuce-rubucen Yarbanci da kuma karatun na yau da kullun, limaman Anglican masu ilimin Ingilishi ne suka bayar. Bishof Samuel Ajayi Crowther ne ya wallafa nahawun Yarbanci na farko a cikin shekarar 1843. Shi kansa asalin Yaroba ne. Rubuce-rubucen harshen Yarbanci ya fito ne daga wani taro kan rubuce-rubuce daga ƙungiyar mishan na coci a Legas, wanda ya gudana a cikin shekarar 1875. Reverend Samuel Johnson wanda shi ma dan kabilar Yarbawa ne ya hada tarihin kabilar Yarbawa a shekarar 1897. Don haka, Yarbawa da kansu suka taimaka wajen samar da rubuce-rubucen Yarbawa duk da amfani da haruffan Rum.
Tatsuniyoyi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Addinin Yarbawa yana da nasaba da tarihi, inda kabilun Yarabawa daban-daban ke ikirarin sun fito daga alloli, wasu daga cikin sarakunansu kuma suka koma bauta bayan rasuwarsu. Ita ce kalmar jimlar addinin Yarbawa, waka, waƙa, da tarihi. Allolin Yarbawa ana kiransu Orishas, kuma sun kasance daya daga cikin mafi hadaddun pantheons a tarihin baka.
Ifá, tsarin duba ne mai sarƙaƙƙiya, ya ƙunshi karanta waƙoƙin Yarbawa masu ɗauke da labarai da karin magana da suka shafi duba. Karatun duba na iya ɗaukar dare duka. Jikin wannan waka yana da fa’ida, kuma yana wucewa tsakanin bakunan Ifa.
Almara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Littafin labari na farko a cikin harshen Yorùbá shine Ogboju Ode ninu Igbo Irunmale (Fassarar Wole Soyinka as The Forest of A Thousand Daemons ), though the literal translation is "The bravery of a hunter in the forest of deities", written in 1938 by Chief Daniel O. Fagunwa (1903–1963). Ya ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi masu ban tsoro na mafarauci na Yarbawa da ya gamu da abubuwan al'ada, kamar su sihiri, dodanni, ruhohi, da alloli. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin litattafan farko da aka rubuta cikin kowane yaren Afirka. Fagunwa ya rubuta wasu ayyukan bisa jigogi iri ɗaya, kuma ya kasance marubucin harshen Yorùbá da aka fi karantawa.
Amos Tutuola (1920–1997) Fagunwa ya yi wahayi sosai, amma ya rubuta a cikin racing da gangan, karya turanci, yana nuna al'adar baka ta Najeriya Pidgin Turanci. Tutuola ya sami suna da The Palm-Wine Drinkard (1946, pub 1952), da sauran ayyukan da suka danganci tarihin Yarabawa.
Sanata Afolabi Olabimtan (1932-1992) marubuci ne, malamin jami'a, kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya rubuta litattafai na harshen Yarbanci game da rayuwar Nijeriya da soyayya ta zamani, irin su Kekere Ekun (1967; [Lad Named] Leopard Cub ), da Ayanmo (1973; Predestination ).
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin bincikensa na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa, Joel Adedeji ya gano asalinsa zuwa masauki na Egungun ("al'adar kakanni"). [1] Maza ne kawai ke tafiyar da al'adar al'ada kuma ta ƙare a cikin matsi inda magabata suka koma duniyar masu rai don ziyartar zuriyarsu. [2] Baya ga asalinsa na al'ada, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa ana iya "bincika shi da yanayin 'theatrogenic' na yawan alloli a cikin pantheon na Yarbawa, kamar Obatala Orisha na halitta, Ogun Orisha na kere-kere da Sango Orisha na walƙiya. ", wanda ibadarsa ta ƙunshi "tare da wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma amfaninsu na alama da tunani." [3]
Al'adar wasan kwaikwayo ta Aláàrìnjó ta samo asali ne daga Egungun masquerade. Aláàrìnjó gungun ƴan wasan tafiye-tafiye ne waɗanda aka rufe su da abin rufe fuska (kamar yadda mahalarta bikin Egungun suke). Sun ƙirƙiri gajerun fage, abubuwan satirical waɗanda suka zana a kan adadin ingantattun haruffa. Ayyukansu sun yi amfani da mime, kiɗa da wasan motsa jiki. Al’adar Aláàrìnjó ta yi tasiri a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tafiye-tafiye na Yarbawa, wanda shi ne tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mafi yaɗuwa da haɓaka sosai a Nijeriya daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1980. A cikin shekarar 1990s, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarabawa ya koma talabijin da fina-finai kuma yanzu yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye. [4]
Akinwunmi Isola mashahurin marubuci ne (farawa da O Le Ku, abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin zuciya, a cikin shekarar 1974), marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin allo, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma farfesa na harshen Yarbawa. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi da nazarin litattafan Yoruba na zamani.