Agbekoya
 Agbekoya | |
|---|---|
peasant revolt (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙabila | Yarbawa |
| Ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Lokacin farawa | 1968 |
| Lokacin gamawa | 1969 |
A Agbekoya Parapo yayi haddin shari'a a 1968-1969, shi ne wanda aka fi sani da Agbekoya ko Egbe Agbekoya ya kasan ce yayi tawaye na manoma wanda hakan ya kasance ne a wani ƙauyen dake Najeriya, wanda yankin Yoruba sun kasan ce mafi yawan jama'a a kasar. Mutanen Ibadan na Jihar Oyo ta yanzu suka yi wannan yaƙin kuma suka ci nasara akan Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya, a madadin duk ƙasar Yarbawa. Wasu garuruwa biyu na Ibadan ne suka jagorance ta: AKaran da ƙauyen Akufo. Ita ce sananniyar tawayen siyasa da manoma ke jagoranta a tarihin Yammacin Najeriya, kuma ƙungiyoyin talakawa na ci gaba da ambaton shi a matsayin kyakkyawan nasarar aikin gama gari a kan manufofin gwamnati da ba a so. An yi tawayen ne da nufin tayar da hankali don rage harajin, duk da cewa wasu sun yi imanin cewa akwai masu haifar da siyasa.[1]
Bayan Fage[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekarun 1950, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Najeriya ta kafa wuraren adana kayayyaki na cikin gida a sassa da dama na kasar. Wuraren ajiye kaya sun zama shagunan musayar kayayyakin da gwamnati ke sha'awar siyo daga manoma. Yankin Yamma mai albarka ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe da suka fi samar da koko a duniya, kuma gwamnatin yankin na fatan ƙara yawan kuɗin harajin da take samu daga manoma ta hanyar daidaita siyar da amfanin gona ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar aikin gona na jihohi, wanda kuma aka sani da allon talla. Yawancin samfuran da za a siyar da su za a yi su ne ta hanyar kimantawa, jarrabawa, kuma wani lokacin yin ciniki kafin siye. Dangane da wannan yanayin, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar manoma don wakiltar sha'awar manoma a cikin sabon tsarin talla. [2] An fassara daga Yarbanci, Agbekoya Parapo na nufin "ƙungiyar manoma da ke ƙin wahala." Ƙungiyar ta kasance magaji ga tsarin asali na ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar aiki daidai da ƙungiyar ƙwadago kuma ta ɗauki al'adun guilds na sana'a waɗanda suka tsara ƙa'idodin aiki da manufofi na ƙarni a yankin. Ma'aikatan Yarbawa a cikin sana'o'i daban -daban bisa al'ada sun tsara kansu zuwa "egbes", ƙungiyoyi na ƙungiyoyi da guilds waɗanda ke kare muradun membobinsu a cikin yanayin da ke buƙatar ɗaukar matakin gama gari.[3]
A farkon farkon samun 'yancin kan Najeriya, Action Group, babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Yankin Yammaci, ta dauki wani tsari na warware matsalolin yankin baki daya. Hanyoyi da yawa da ke zuwa ƙauyuka an yi wa kwaskwarima, an ba da daraja ga ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, an kuma samar da makarantu don ingantaccen ilimi. Duk da haka, yayin da fagen siyasar Najeriya ya zama mafi rikitarwa tare da daure babban jagoran siyasa Cif Obafemi Awolowo, juyin mulkin 1966, da kuma farkon yakin Biafra, 'yan siyasa sun zo kallon manoma a matsayin' yan amshin shata don amfani da dabarun zabe. A gida daffo jami'an ma ya fara gabatar da kansu a matsayin qananan talakansa iyayengiji, m cin hanci da kuma sauran asasshe daga manoman kafin karbar su girbi for sale. Abubuwan da aka samar sun fara zamewa zuwa mummunan yanayi, duk da cewa gwamnati ta ci gaba da neman haraji don kula da su. [2]
Membobin gungun dabbobin da ba su dace ba waɗanda a ƙarshe suka haɗa kansu zuwa Agbekoya sun fara haɓaka dabarun yaƙi yayin bala'in cutar kumburi a kan gonakin koko a cikin shekarun 1950. Suna kiran kansu Kungiyar Maiyegun (ko 'Yawa Mai Yawa'), sun bijirewa yunkurin wakilan gwamnati na lalata bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa akan cewa manoma ba za su iya rasa amfanin gona ba tare da diyya ba. An yi artabun tashin hankali da dama kafin a sasanta lamarin don goyon bayan gasar. Yayin da rumbunan adana kayan cikin gida suka zama cibiyoyi a rayuwar tattalin arziƙin talakawan manoma, ƙungiyar da sauran manoma da yawa sun ci gaba da yin korafi game da wasu batutuwan da suka ga ba daidai ba
Matsalolin farko da manoma ke da su shine ƙa'idodin da ba a yarda da su ba waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don yin bincike, wanda ke nufin cewa an yi watsi da ɗimbin koko da aka girbe a matsayin wanda bai dace ba don siyarwa; da ƙananan farashin da suka karɓa don samfuran da aka karɓa waɗanda suka isa kasuwa. Manoman sun koka kan yadda aka yi watsi da abubuwan more rayuwa na hanyoyin da yakamata su bi don isa wuraren ajiya. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma nemi su biya harajin leɓe, babban abin dogaro a lokacin rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki.
Tawayen[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mulkin soji ya sauko a fagen siyasa sakamakon gazawar da yawancin gwamnatocin da suka shuɗe, ciki har da manoma. Ba da daɗewa ba aka bar wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa daga sa hannun gwamnati. Hakanan, wasu citizensan ƙasa masu ilimin jami'a sun fara fitowa a sakamakon manufofin ilimi na yankin a cikin 1950s. Haɗuwa da waɗannan fitattun mutane, haɗe tare da jagoranci mafi ƙwarewa tsakanin Agbękoya Parapo, ya haifar da juzu'i iri -iri kuma an haifi motsi na siyasa mai ƙarfi. [2] Shugabannin Agbękoya na lokacin sune Mustapha Okikirungbo, Tafa Popoola, Adeniyi Eda, Adeagbo Kobiowo, Rafiu Isola da Mudasiru Adeniran. Shugabannin sun yanke shawarar saita manufa ta ƙungiya kamar haka:
- Cire jami'an karamar hukumar da ke wawure garuruwansu
- Cire wasu Baales
- Rage yawan harajin lebur daga $ 8
- Ƙarshen amfani da ƙarfi wajen tara haraji
- Ƙaruwar farashin koko
- Inganta hanyoyin da ke kaiwa zuwa ƙauyuka da yawa
Manoma ihu Oke mefa laosan! Oke mefa laosan! (“Shillan 30 kawai muke biya!”) Yayin da suke tafiya cikin ƙauye bayan ƙauye don shawo kan manoman yankin da kar su biya wani haraji ga gwamnan soja na jihar ta Yamma. Wadannan manoma sun jagoranci jagorancin Adegoke Akekuejo, Tafa Adeoye, Folarin Idowu, Mudasiru Adeniran da Tafa Popoola. [2] Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu manoma da shuwagabannin su sannu a hankali suka bar ƙauyukan kuma suka nufi zauren Mapo, mazaunin gwamnatin yankin. A can, sun mamaye ofisoshin jami'ai, inda suka bayyana cewa za su biya $ 1.10 kawai. Daga nan Mayhem ya sauko kan babban birni da ƙauyuka da yawa.
Don rage tashin hankali, gwamnati ta yi amfani da amfani da ƙarfi da tashin hankali don kwantar da tarzomar sannan ta kame wasu daga cikin shugabannin Agbękoya. [2] Koyaya, manoma sun ɗauki fansa mai ƙarfi akan gine -ginen gwamnati, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kashe jami'ai da yawa. Zamanin Agbękoya ya cinye fagen siyasar Yammacin Najeriya a daidai lokacin da al'umma ke yaƙin basasa da Yankin Gabashin Najeriya a yakin Biafra. A matsayin hanyar zanga -zangar adawa da gwamnatin soji, Agbękoya ta kai hari kan manyan alamomin ikon gwamnati kamar gidajen kotu da ginin gwamnati, tare da sakin dubunnan fursunoni tare da membobinsu da aka daure. Sai dai sakin Cif Obafemi Awolowo ya taimaka wajen kwantar da tarzomar, yayin da yake tattaunawa kai tsaye da shugabannin kungiyar. [2]
Bayan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sakamakon tarzomar ya haifar da cire wani jami'in ƙaramar hukumar da ke kula da ƙauyuka, cire Baales, rage ƙimar harajin kwastomomi, kawo ƙarshen amfani da ƙarfi don cire haraji, ƙara farashin koko da inganta hanyoyin zuwa kauyuka. Gwamnati a lokacin ta amince da wannan rangwamen.[4] Tarzomar a cikin dogon lokaci ana ganin tana da halaye na musamman waɗanda suka bambanta da tarzomar da ta gabata. Babban dalilan da suka haifar da tarzomar sun samo asali ne daga hauhawar agrarian populism. Yanayin yanki mai tarwatsewa ya faru kusan lokaci guda. An yi la'akari da wannan fitowar ta tarzoma a matsayin bayyananniyar ajin da ta dace.[5]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Published (2015-12-15). "How a gunshot Triggered violent Agbekoya revolt –Akekaaka, Yoruba Solidarity Movement leader". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Tunde Adeniran: "The Dynamics of Peasant Revolt: A Conceptual Analysis of the Agbekoya Parapo Uprising in the Western State of Nigeria," Journal of Black Studies. Jun., 1974..
- ↑ Adekunk, Julius O. (2009-04-20), "Agbekoya Peasant Uprising and Rebellion, 1968-1969", The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–4, doi:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0014, ISBN 978-1-4051-9807-3
- ↑ "Module" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-12. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
- ↑ Panter-Brick, S.K.; Panter-Brick, S.K. (1978). Soldiers and Oil: The Political Transformation of Nigeria. Cass. p. 35. ISBN 9780714630984. Retrieved 2015-06-20.