Bambouk
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Bambouk (wani lokaci Bambuk ko Bambuhu ) sunan gargajiya ne na yankin gabashin Senegal da yammacin Mali, wanda ya ƙunshi tsaunin Bambouk a gefen gabas, kwarin kogin Faleme da ƙasa mai tudu a gabashin kwarin kogin. Gunduma ce da aka kwatanta a Sudan ta Faransa, amma a cikin shekarar 1895, ya koma iyakar Sudan da Senegal zuwa kogin Faleme, wanda ya sanya yankin yammacin gundumar a cikin Senegal. Har yanzu ana amfani da kalmar don zaɓe yankin, amma babu wani yanki na gudanarwa da wannan sunan.
Bambouk asalin gida ne ga mutanen Malinké, [1] kuma ana yin yare na musamman na yaren Maninkakan a wurin.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cewar Martin Meredith, 'yan Carthaginians sun yi amfani da 'yan kabilar Berber don kafa hanyar cinikin doki a fadin Sahara tsakanin Lixus da "wuraren zinariya na Bambuk a cikin kwarin kogin Senegal."[2] [3]
Diakhanke ya kafa Diakha-ba kuma ya zama malaman addinin Musulunci ga sarakunan Malinke bayan da Masarautar Mali ta mamaye Bambuk a karni na 13. A cewar Levtzion, "Daga cibiyar su a Bambuk, Diakhanke ya bazu zuwa Bondu, Kedougou, da Futa Djallon kuma sun kafa sababbin al'ummomi irin su Niokhol da Dantilia - don tabbatar da ikon mallakar kasuwanci tare da Turawa." [4]
Masana ilimin ƙasa na Larabawa sun ambaci filayen zinare na Bambouk, Bouré, Lobi da Ashante a matsayin Wangara. Turawan Portugal sun isa Bambouk a shekara ta 1550, amma an kashe su, ko dai da juna ko kuma mazauna wurin. Faransawa sun gina Fort Saint Pierre akan Falémé a cikin shekarar 1714, da wuraren kasuwanci guda biyu a Bambouk a 1724. An watsar da wuraren kasuwanci a cikin shekarun 1732 da kagara a 1759. An kafa wani gidan Faransa a 1824, amma an watsar dashi a 1841. A yau, Bambouk yana kwance tare da Kéniéba Cercle.[5] [6]
A cewar Levtzion akwai, "... manyan filayen zinare guda uku, baya ga wasu masu karamin karfi: Bambuk, tsakanin kogin Senegal da kogin Faleme; Bure a saman Niger; da filayen zinare na Akan da ke kusa da dajin jamhuriyar Ghana da yanzu. Ivory Coast." Ya kara da cewa watakila shi ne "tsibirin zinare ko Wangara ...inda aka tattara gwal na alluvial." "Hanyoyin almubazzaranci sun rage yawan amfanin gonakin gwal...a cikin karni na sha ɗaya ko na sha biyu, 'yan kasuwan Sudan sun yunƙura zuwa kudu tare da buɗe sabbin filayen zinare na Bure da ke hamadar Nijar ta sama, a yankin Siguiri."
Yankin ya shahara a matsayin babbar cibiyar hakar gwal daga karni na 12 zuwa karni na 19, kuma har yanzu ana hakar zinare a gefen iyakar kasar ta Mali. Ya kasance gidan masarautar Khasso a ƙarni na 18 da 19 kafin ya zama wani yanki na Sudan ta Faransa.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Meredith, Martin (2014). The Fortunes of Africa . New York: Public Affairs. p. 26,71,75. ISBN 9781610396356 .
- ↑ Shillington, Kevin (2012). History of Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 55–56, 89, 92, 94, 101–102, 110. ISBN 9780230308473 .
- ↑ Levtzion, Nehemia (1973). Ancient Ghana and Mali . New York: Methuen & Co Ltd. p. 155,168–169. ISBN 0841904316.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Imperato, Pascal; Imperato, Gavin (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mali . Lanham: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 34.
- ↑ Wright, J.B.; Hastings, D.A.; Jones, W.B.; Williams, H.R. (1985). Wright, J.B. (ed.). Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa . London: George Allen & UNWIN. pp. 45–47. ISBN 9780045560011 .